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Infiltration of a vesicant, called extravasation, can result in severe patient injuries. Recognition of vesicants and their relative risk of injury is essential to extravasation prevention, early recognition, and appropriate treatment. In this article, the Vesicant Task Force (VTF) updates the previously published Infusion Nurses Society (INS) vesicant list from 2017. The 2024 INS list diverges from earlier vesicant lists, such as the 2017 VTF list, by adopting a risk stratification approach based upon documented patient outcomes, in contrast to the reliance on expert consensus or only surrogate risk indicators, such as pH and osmolarity. The methodology used to create the updated list is explained, and the criteria for high- and moderate-risk vesicants and cautionary vesicants are defined., Competing Interests: Conflicts of interest:Barb Nickel is on the Advisory Board for Baxter Healthcare; Lisa Gorski receives advisory and speaking honoraria from BD Medical and 3M (Solventum), speaking honoraria from Greiner, and holds stock in IvWatch; Lynn Hadaway was a consultant and speaker for BD Medical and B Braun Medical, and was a consultant for Atrion, AccuVein, and 3M (Solventum). These relevant financial relationships have been mitigated through peer review. There are no other relevant financial relationships for the authors or planners., (Copyright © 2024 Infusion Nurses Society.)

Abstract: Peripheral I.V. access failure is a source of patient discomfort and dissatisfaction with a significant financial impact on healthcare. This article reviews the benefits and the risks of peripheral I.V. catheter (PIVC) utilization, infusate characteristics and their impact on peripheral vasculature, PIVC site assessment and management, and PIVC research priorities. Part 1 of this series was published in Nursing's September 2024 issue., (Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)

Abstract: A systematic evaluation of vascular access device (VAD) selection incorporates patient, device, and infusate characteristics to ensure optimal device placement. This article explores VAD selection from the perspective of vessel health and preservation and describes VAD selection options and indications, VAD-related complications, and strategies to reduce those complications., (Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)

Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) are vital in delivering intravenous therapy. Despite their advantages, PICCs can lead to complications such as catheter exit site bleeding, which can cause patient distress and increase infection risk. This study evaluated the efficacy of StatSeal, a topical haemostatic device, in managing PICC exit site bleeding. StatSeal uses a hydrophilic polymer and potassium ferrate to form a seal, reducing access site bleeding and minimising dressing changes. For this study, Patients were recruited at Frimley Health NHS Foundation Trust; the trial involved 177 patients with StatSeal, and shows that 99% did not require additional dressing changes within the standard 7-day period. The findings demonstrate StatSeal's effectiveness in improving patient outcomes by reducing exit site bleeding and associated complications, enhancing the efficiency of vascular access maintenance and potentially lowering associated healthcare costs. The trial emphasises the importance of innovative solutions such as StatSeal to advance PICC care and improve patient experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intravenous administration of drugs is frequently employed to achieve rapid and effective systemic effects. However, it is undesirable to administer drugs into the tissue as a result of extravasation of the intravenous cannula. Both the closed extremities to which the IV route is applied due to the surgical method to be applied make it difficult to access the vascular access during surgery and the use of pressurised instruments in the administration of drugs through the IV route makes the work of the anaesthetist difficult. In addition, patients cannot report their pain due to unconsciousness. In the operating theater and intensive care unit for anesthesia practice, induction, fluid therapy, nutrition, etc., although rare, difficulty in vascular access maintenance and drug extravasation cause serious complications in many procedures. This study aimed to emphasize the importance of perioperative anesthetic drug extravasation and its physiopathology by presenting current information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]