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ObjectiveMethodsResultsConclusionThis study aimed to find out the efficacy of using Hypertonic saline solution (HSS) over mannitol in the management of TBI by comparing their performance in improving different outcomes.Electronic databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the impact of HSS vs. mannitol on ICP in patients who suffered TBI. Outcomes of interest were mortality, neurologic functional outcomes, risk ratio (RR) of successful ICP treatment, reduction in ICP after 30–60 and 90–120 min, improvement in cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) at 30–60 and 90–120 min, and also treatment failure. Evaluations were reported as RR or mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using weighted random-effects models.The analysis included 624 patients from 15 RCTs. HSS infusion had a significant impact on the improvement of CPP at 30–60 min [MD = 5.54, 95% CI (3.04, 8.03),p < 0.001] compared to mannitol. However, results yielded no significant difference between HSS and mannitol in terms of mortality, neurologic functional outcomes, successful ICP treatment, reduction in ICP after 30–60 min and 90–120 min, improvement in CPP at 90–120 min, and treatment failure.HSS and mannitol are both effective treatments for elevated ICP due to TBI. However, further research is required to derive a better comparison. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Many studies have examined patient-related factors affecting adjuvant hormone therapy adherence in patients with breast cancer. Our study aimed to examine associations of family-related factors with adjuvant hormone therapy discontinuation and breast cancer–specific mortality. Methods By cross-linking 7 Swedish health registers, we performed a cohort study that included all patients with breast cancer who initiated adjuvant hormone therapy during 2006-2019 in Sweden (N = 10 701). A group-based multitrajectory model was used to identify familial adversity groups based on 3 dimensions: material deprivation, negative family dynamics, and loss or threat of loss. Cox proportional hazard models were used to investigate associations of familial adversity with hormone therapy discontinuation and breast cancer–specific mortality. Results We identified 5 distinctive familial adversity groups among the cohort participants. Compared with women who had low familial adversity, higher risks to discontinue adjuvant hormone therapy were observed among women with material deprivation (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.31, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.20 to 1.43), negative family dynamics (HR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.06 to 1.28), loss or threat of loss (HR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.00 to 1.32), or high familial adversity (HR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.40 to 1.68). Furthermore, women with material deprivation (HR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.05 to 1.79), negative family dynamics (HR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.01 to 1.97), or high adversity (HR = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.26 to 2.23) were at higher risk of dying from breast cancer. Conclusion Familial adversity is associated with a higher risk of adjuvant hormone therapy discontinuation and breast cancer–specific mortality. Family-related factors identified in our study may help identify high-risk patients for interventions to prevent treatment discontinuation and subsequently improve breast cancer outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Structured light can be encoded to carry information for free‐space optical communications with an extended degree of freedom to increase the capacity, however, the accuracy issue along with capacity increase is one of the biggest challenges that prevent practical applications. To achieve high accuracy with high capacity by a simple method, they propose the spatial nonlinear conversion of structured light into a communication network, especially, realizing an ultra‐high‐accuracy point‐to‐multipoint (PtoMP) information transmission link. A series of coherently superposed spatial modes and their spatial nonlinear conversion states are used as information carriers to replace the prior orbital angular momentum beams and greatly expand channel capacity within quite low spatial mode order. Through the spatial nonlinear conversion of simple dual‐mode superposition and a very basic neural network for machine learning‐based recognition, as high as 99.5% accuracy for more than 500 modes is obtained. By a combination of diffuse reflection screens and multiple CCDs, the large observation angle PtoMP information transmission is also proved to be feasible. This work paves the way for practical large‐scale multi‐party information networks using structured light. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Incorporating green tea powder (GTP) into wheat flour–based noodles can significantly improve nutritional value. So, this study investigated the effects of GTP (0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2.0%) on the quality properties of dried green tea noodles (DGTN) and cooking‐induced changes to phenolic compounds. Mixolab analysis of wheat flour with GTP showed more water absorption of dough, and the developed dough had a firmer structure. GTP markedly increased the toughness of the noodle sheet. DGTN fortified with GTP showed more stable textural properties during cooking and storage, representing higher hardness and tensile strength. The viscosity and thermal properties of DGTN showed that GTP affected the gelatinization and retrogradation behavior of starch, which were closely related to the textural properties. Overall, DGTN prepared with 1.5% GTP showed better quality properties. However, ultra‐performance liquid chromatography‐time (UPLC/Q‐TOF‐mass spectrometry [MS]/MS) analysis showed that cooking by boiling significantly decreased phenolic content in 1.5% DGTN; further analysis revealed that the thermal degradation is a key factor in the loss of polyphenols. Therefore, further studies are necessary to focus on the mechanism of cooking‐induced polyphenol loss, which is of great significance for improving the nutritional value of cooked DGTN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To overcome the issues of the existing properties and the non-configurable supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) architecture, this paper proposes an IoT-centered open-source SCADA system for monitoring photovoltaic (PV) systems. The system consists of three voltage sensors and three current sensors for data accumulation from the PV panel, the battery, and the load. As a part of the system design, a relay is used that controls the load remotely. An ESP32-E microcontroller transmits the collected data to a Banana Pi M4 Berry (BPI-M4 Berry) through the Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) protocol over a privately established communication channel using Wi-Fi. The ESP32-E is configured as the MQTT publisher and the BPI-M4 Berry serves as the MQTT broker. Locally installed on the BPI-M4 Berry, the Node-RED platform creates highly customizable dashboards as human–machine interfaces (HMIs) to achieve real-time monitoring of the PV system. The proposed system was successfully tested to collect the PV system voltage/current/power data and to control the load in a supervisory way under a laboratory setup. The complete SCADA architecture details and test results for the PV system data during the total eclipse on 8 April 2024 and another day are presented in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alkylamines with different chain lengths including n-butylamine, n-hexylamine, and n-octylamine, are applied to regulate the CsPbIBr2 perovskite film quality by strain engineering. The status of residual strains is controllably modulated, resulting in improved efficiency and stability of carbon-based hole-transport-material free CsPbIBr2 perovskite solar cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a massively parallel approach of the multilevel fast multipole algorithm (PMLFMA) on homegrown many-core SW26010 cluster of China, noted as (SW-PMLFMA), for 3-D electromagnetic scattering problems. In this approach, the multilevel fast multipole algorithm (MLFMA) octree is first partitioned among management processing elements (MPEs) of SW26010 processors following the ternary partitioning scheme using the message passing interface (MPI). Then, the computationally intensive parts of the PMLFMA on each MPI process, matrix filling, aggregation and disaggregation are accelerated by using all the 64 computing processing elements (CPEs) in the same core group of the MPE via the Athread parallel programming model. Different parallelization strategies are designed for many-core accelerators to ensure a high computational throughput. In coincidence with the special characteristic of local Lagrange interpolation, the compressed sparse row (CSR) and the compressed sparse column (CSC) sparse matrix storage format is used for storing interpolation and anterpolation matrices, respectively, together with a specially designed cache mechanism of hybrid dynamic and static buffers using the scratchpad memory (SPM) to improve data access efficiency. Numerical results are included to demonstrate the efficiency and versatility of the proposed method. The proposed parallel scheme is shown to have excellent speedup. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Regorafenib remains the standard and widely used second‐line strategy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). There is still a lack of large‐scale multicenter real‐world evidence concerning the concurrent use of regorafenib with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). This study aims to evaluate whether combining regorafenib with ICI provides greater clinical benefit than regorafenib monotherapy as second‐line therapy for advanced HCC under real‐world circumstances. Patients and Methods: The study included 208 patients from five medical facilities. One hundred forty‐three patients received regorafenib plus ICI combination therapy, while 65 patients received regorafenib monotherapy. Propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was employed. Results: The regorafenib plus ICI group demonstrated significantly higher objective response rate (24.3% vs. 10.3%, after PSM, p = 0.030) and disease control rate (79.4% vs. 50.0%, after PSM, p < 0.001) compared to the regorafenib monotherapy group based on mRECIST criteria. Median progression‐free survival (7.9 vs. 3.2 months, after PSM, p < 0.001) and overall survival (25.6 vs. 16.4 months, p = 0.010, after PSM) were also considerably longer in the regorafenib plus ICI group. The incidence of Grades 3–4 treatment‐related adverse events (TRAEs) was marginally greater in the regorafenib plus ICI group than in the regorafenib group (23.8% vs. 20.0%, p = 0.546). Notably, there were no instances of treatment‐related mortality or emergence of new TRAEs in any treatment group. Conclusion: The combination of regorafenib and ICI shows potential as a viable second‐line treatment for advanced HCC, exhibiting favorable efficacy while maintaining a tolerable safety profile in contrast to regorafenib monotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Children's interpretations of parenting behaviors offer valuable insights into cultural meanings of parenting. This study examined how Chinese urban and rural children interpreted six different types of parental responses to children's negative emotions (PRCNE), which have traditionally been identified as supportive (e.g., emotion‐focused responses, problem‐focused responses, and expressive encouragement) versus nonsupportive ones (e.g., minimization, parental distress, punitive responses) in Western cultures. Based on surveyed samples of 976 children, demographically matched samples of 102 urban (Mage = 14.23 years) and 100 rural (Mage = 14.38 years) children were generated for analysis, using propensity score matching (PSM). Results revealed that compared with rural children, urban children rated problem‐focused responses as more normative, whereas parental distress and punitive responses as less normative. Additionally, urban children evaluated emotion‐focused responses, problem‐focused responses, expressive encouragement, and minimization as less negative, and parental distress as less positive than rural children. In urban communities, emotion‐focused responses, problem‐focused responses, and encouragement were evaluated most positively and least negatively, followed by minimization, and lastly parental distress and punitive responses. In rural communities, emotion‐focused responses and problem‐focused responses were evaluated most positively and least negatively, followed by encouragement and minimization, and lastly parental distress and punitive responses. The findings highlight the diverse interpretations children have towards PRCNE across different cultural contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies have shown that sampling processing and identification methods for neural networks damage identification in multi-channel and multi-source structural dynamic response data exhibit diversity, and the robustness and generalization issues of the model have not been effectively solved. This paper proposes a sample preprocessing technique and mixed training method suitable for multi-channel and multi-source dynamic response data to optimize the current structural damage identification methods based on neural networks. Through multi-dimensional discrete autocorrelation processing and Fourier transform, the preprocessed datasets from multiple sensors with multi-channel can access multi-channel CNN. Furthermore, the measured datasets from the actual structures are mixed with numerical simulation datasets before being used for neural network model training to address the model calibration and the imbalanced sample size under each classification label. The results of extensive model experiments and finite element verification of specimens show that the method performs outstandingly in detecting and identifying damage to simply supported beam structures using multi-channel CNN. The neural network model trained with preprocessed samples exhibits excellent robustness. The model using the mixed training method still performs well in identifying the accuracy of damage location and degree in simply supported beam structures after changing beam section and initial excitation. The method has certain generalization ability in detecting unknown damage in simply supported beam structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A dual-parameter sensor for simultaneous strain and temperature measurement is proposed and demonstrated based on the introduction of higher-order modes in a single-mode-multimode-single-mode (SMS) structure cascaded with a Fabry–Perot (FP) cavity as a compact and low-cost fiber optic sensor. In this structure, a multimode fiber is spliced between two single-mode fibers, and the single-mode fiber at the other end is fusion spliced to the HF-corroded single-mode fiber to form the SMS-FP cascade structure. Light transmitted from the multimode fiber to the FP cavity can couple light into the cladding, introducing higher-order modes into modal interference. Moreover, multiple-beam interference generates spectra. The experimental results indicate that the sensor performs effectively within the range of 150∘C–250∘C and 0–875 μ ε. The strain sensitivities of SMS and FP were found to be −2.45 and −2.34 pm/ μ ε , respectively, and their temperature sensitivities are 11.85 and 5.59 pm/∘C, respectively. The interesting features of the sensor include good operating linearity, compact size, high sensitivity, simple structure and low cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary Fusarium head blight (FHB) and the presence of mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) pose serious threats to wheat production and food safety worldwide. DON, as a virulence factor, is crucial for the spread of FHB pathogens on plants. However, germplasm resources that are naturally resistant to DON and DON‐producing FHB pathogens are inadequate in plants. Here, detoxifying bacteria genes responsible for DON epimerization were used to enhance the resistance of wheat to mycotoxin DON and FHB pathogens. We characterized the complete pathway and molecular basis leading to the thorough detoxification of DON via epimerization through two sequential reactions in the detoxifying bacterium Devosia sp. D6‐9. Epimerization efficiently eliminates the phytotoxicity of DON and neutralizes the effects of DON as a virulence factor. Notably, co‐expressing of the genes encoding quinoprotein dehydrogenase (QDDH) for DON oxidation in the first reaction step, and aldo‐keto reductase AKR13B2 for 3‐keto‐DON reduction in the second reaction step significantly reduced the accumulation of DON as virulence factor in wheat after the infection of pathogenic Fusarium, and accordingly conferred increased disease resistance to FHB by restricting the spread of pathogenic Fusarium in the transgenic plants. Stable and improved resistance was observed in greenhouse and field conditions over multiple generations. This successful approach presents a promising avenue for enhancing FHB resistance in crops and reducing mycotoxin contents in grains through detoxification of the virulence factor DON by exogenous resistance genes from microbes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cold stress has negative effects on the growth and health of mammals, and has become a factor restricting livestock development at high latitudes and on plateaus. The gut-liver axis is central to energy metabolism, and the mechanisms by which it regulates host energy metabolism at cold temperatures have rarely been illustrated. In this study, we evaluated the status of glycolipid metabolism and oxidative stress in pigs based on the gut-liver axis and propose that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a key target for alleviating energy stress at cold temperatures by dietary fat supplementation. Results: Dietary fat supplementation alleviated the negative effects of cold temperatures on growth performance and digestive enzymes, while hormonal homeostasis was also restored. Moreover, cold temperature exposure increased glucose transport in the jejunum. In contrast, we observed abnormalities in lipid metabolism, which was characterized by the accumulation of bile acids in the ileum and plasma. In addition, the results of the ileal metabolomic analysis were consistent with the energy metabolism measurements in the jejunum, and dietary fat supplementation increased the activity of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and lipid metabolism. As the central nexus of energy metabolism, the state of glycolipid metabolism and oxidative stress in the liver are inconsistent with that in the small intestine. Specifically, we found that cold temperature exposure increased glucose transport in the liver, which fully validates the idea that hormones can act on the liver to regulate glucose output. Additionally, dietary fat supplementation inhibited glucose transport and glycolysis, but increased gluconeogenesis, bile acid cycling, and lipid metabolism. Sustained activation of AMPK, which an energy receptor and regulator, leads to oxidative stress and apoptosis in the liver; dietary fat supplementation alleviates energy stress by reducing AMPK phosphorylation. Conclusions: Cold stress reduced the growth performance and aggravated glycolipid metabolism disorders and oxidative stress damage in pigs. Dietary fat supplementation improved growth performance and alleviated cold temperature-induced energy stress through AMPK-mediated mitochondrial homeostasis. In this study, we highlight the importance of AMPK in dietary fat supplementation-mediated alleviation of host energy stress in response to environmental changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mangiferin (MGN) is primarily found in the fruits, leaves, and bark of plants of the Anacardiaceae family, including mangoes. MGN exhibits various pharmacological effects, such as protection of the liver and gallbladder, anti-lipid peroxidation, and cancer prevention. This study aimed to investigate the effects of MGN supplementation during in vitro culture (IVC) on the antioxidant capacity of early porcine embryos and the underlying mechanisms involved. Porcine parthenotes in the IVC medium were exposed to different concentrations of MGN (0, 0.01, 0.1, and 1 µM). The addition of 0.1 µM MGN significantly increased the blastocyst formation rate of porcine embryos while reducing the apoptotic index and autophagy. Furthermore, the expression of antioxidation-related (SOD2, GPX1, NRF2, UCHL1), cell pluripotency (SOX2, NANOG), and mitochondria-related (TFAM, PGC1a) genes was upregulated. In contrast, the expression of apoptosis-related (CAS3, BAX) and autophagy-related (LC3B, ATG5) genes decreased after MGN supplementation. These findings suggest that MGN improves early porcine embryonic development by reducing oxidative stress-related genes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To Chinesize the Nursing Home Care-related Quality of Life Scale (NHC-QoL) and to test its reliability and validity. Methods According to the Brislin model, the NHC-QoL scale was translated into Chinese and cross-cultural debugging was carried out. Using convenience sampling method, 198 elderly people from 4 nursing institutions in Shiyan city were investigated by questionnaire from March to July 2023 to evaluate the reliability and validity of the scale. Results There were 14 items in the Chinese version of NHC-QoL. The content validity index of each item was 0.7-1.0, and the content validity index of the scale was 0.929. Exploratory factor analysis extracted 5 common factors, which could explain 67.914% of the total variation. After discussion within the research group, the common factors were reduced to 2 common factors namely environment and service (11 items) and social interaction (3 items). The total Cronbach's α coefficient of the scale was 0.758 and the test-retest reliability was 0.783. Conclusion The Chinese version of NHC-QoL scale has good reliability and validity and can be used to evaluate the quality of life of the elderly in nursing institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurately obtaining the spatial distribution and planting patterns of crops is very important for agricultural planning and food security. At present, time-series images have been proved to be an effective tool to characterize crop seasonal growth patterns, and identifying crop information by measuring the time-series similarity between unknown classes and known crop phenology curves is also considered to be a useful way. However, the existing methods of selecting feature ignore the connection between each phenological stage of crops and the unique growth rules of the whole phenology, which makes it difficult to select time-series spectral features that are potentially important for crop mapping. In order to make up for this problem, a Whole Phenology-based Spectral Feature Selection (WPS) method was proposed. The aim was to select the time-series feature sets with great differences among winter crops from a large number of spectral features, so as to improve the mapping accuracy of winter rapeseed and winter wheat. Firstly, spectral separability between all classes is calculated. Secondly, the key phenological periods of winter crops were selected according to the importance of temporal features, and the spectral feature sets with high separability were selected according to the key phenological periods. Finally, a Time-weighted Dynamic Time Warping (TWDTW) algorithm was used to generate the winter rapeseed and winter wheat maps of two cities in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The mapping accuracy of the two crops is more than 92%, which matches the crop planting area well. The research shows that combining the WPS method with the TWDTW mapping method has great potential to accurately map crop types based on satellite time-series images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Future industrialization of organic photovoltaics (OPVs) requires OPVs' processing to be more energy‐efficient and streamlined. Currently, only MoO3 and PEDOT:PSS are commonly used as the anode interface layer (AIL). The processing of MoO3 typically involves vacuum thermal evaporation with stringent thickness requirements. PEDOT:PSS necessitates separate processing and thermal annealing at temperatures exceeding 100 °C to eliminate moisture. This work utilized 3,4,5‐trichlorobenzoic acid (3CBA) as the AIL material. The distinct advantage of 3CBA over PEDOT:PSS and MoO3 is the in situ self‐assembly of 3CBA eliminates the need for separate solution processing, thermal evaporation, or thermal annealing. Remarkably, OPV devices incorporating PM6, BTP‐eC9, and the 3CBA AIL exhibited a superior efficiency of 18.2% compared to those with PEDOT:PSS (17.7%). By using nonhalogenated solvent, o‐xylene, to meet industrialization requirements, the devices achieved an exceptional efficiency of 18.8%, the highest reported value among devices with in situ self‐assembled interface layers. Furthermore, semi‐transparent devices with 3CBA displayed higher PCE and AVT values (13.1% and 25.7%) than their PEDOT: PSS counterparts, due to the weak absorption of the 3CBA AIL. This work contributes significantly to the high‐throughput production of OPVs by streamlining the AIL processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, little is known about the characteristics of polyphenol oxidase from wheat bran, which is closely linked to the browning of wheat product. The wheat PPO was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE-Sepharose ion-exchange column, and Superdex G-75 chromatography column. Purified wheat PPO activity was 11.05-fold higher, its specific activity was 1365.12 U/mg, and its yield was 8.46%. SDS-PAGE showed that the molecular weight of wheat PPO was approximately 21 kDa. Its optimal pH and temperature were 6.5 and 35 °C for catechol as substrate, respectively. Twelve phenolic substrates from wheat and green tea were used for analyzing the substrate specificity. Wheat PPO showed the highest affinity to catechol due to its maximum Vmax (517.55 U·mL−1·min−1) and low Km (6.36 mM) values. Docking analysis revealed strong affinities between catechol, gallic acid, EGCG, and EC with binding energies of −5.28 kcal/mol, −4.65 kcal/mol, −4.21 kcal/mol, and −5.62 kcal/mol, respectively, for PPO. Sodium sulfite, ascorbic acid, and sodium bisulfite dramatically inhibited wheat PPO activity. Cu2+ and Ca2+ at 10 mM were considered potent activators and inhibitors for wheat PPO, respectively. This report provides a theoretical basis for controlling the enzymatic browning of wheat products fortified with green tea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The correlation between the change in foveal thickness measured using optical coherence tomography (OCT) following surgery for infectious endophthalmitis and preoperative and postoperative visual acuity is uncertain, and there are few pertinent studies on this topic. OBJECTIVE: We explored the variations in macular thickness using OCT after emergency vitrectomy for post-cataract infectious endophthalmitis and the relationship between macular thickness with changes in visual function. METHODS: We included 10 cases of post-cataract infectious endophthalmitis. Each patient underwent 25-G vitrectomy. RESULTS: The infection in all 10 patients was under control and visual function improved. Postoperative vitreous humor culture was positive in 8 patients, including 7 cases of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus epidermidis and 1 case of Lactobacillus acidophilus. The average age of these 10 patients was 71.60 ± 8.71 years (P < 0.05, two-tailed). There was no significant correlation between time 2 (the time of onset after cataract surgery) and visual prognosis. The average time 1 (the time of the vitrification surgery caused by the onset of the disease) was 1.45 ± 0.76 days (P < 0.05, two-tailed). The postoperative 3dVA ranged from 0.20 to 3.00, with an average visual acuity of 1.87 ± 1.12, which was superior to the preoperative value (P < 0.01, two-tailed). The correlation between the post3dVA and post 1mVA was significant. The post 1mVA ranged from 0.05 to 2.20, with an average visual acuity of 0.94 ± 0.74 (P < 0.05, two-tailed). The correlation between post 1mVA and post3mVA was significant. Also, paired t -tests comparing preoperative and postoperative visual acuity revealed a significant correlation (P < 0.05, two-tailed). The post3mVA was 0–1.00 with an average visual acuity of 0.44 ± 0.41. The postoperative foveal thickness ranged from 176.00 to 514.00 μ m, with an average thickness of 281.10 ± 113.12 μ m. CONCLUSION: Emergency 25-G minimally invasive vitrectomy can improve visual acuity and decrease the reoperation rate for patients who have acquired post-cataract infectious endophthalmitis. There were significant correlations between age, disease onset to operation time, preoperative and postoperative visual acuity, and postoperative macular thickness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Researching the structural characteristics of the spatial correlation network of cultivated land utilization ecological efficiency is of great significance to China's food security and agricultural green and low-carbon development. Taking 47 cities (autonomous prefectures) in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River as the research object, the ecological efficiency of cultivated land utilization from 2010 to 2020 was measured based on the unexpected output model (Super SBM), and the spatial correlation matrix was constructed using the revised gravity model. The structural characteristics of the spatial correlation network were analyzed using the social network model (SNA), and finally, the factors affecting the spatial correlation network of cultivated land utilization ecological efficiency in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River were analyzed through the quadratic assignment procedure (QAP) model. The results show that: (1) the ecological efficiency of cultivated land utilization in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River has been increasing year by year, but the overall level is low, and there is a large gap among provinces. Sichuan Province has the highest average value of 0.605, and Yunnan Province has the lowest average value of 0.359. (2) The ecological efficiency of cultivated land utilization in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River has broken through the provincial boundaries and has formed an obvious spatial correlation network, but the overall density is low, and the network is still relatively loose, needing further development and improvement. Chengdu, Yibin, Luzhou, and other cities are located in the center of the network and have formed four cohesive subgroups. (3)The differences in the level of agricultural economic development, the rural per capita disposable income, the differences in agricultural mechanization intensity, the regional population differences, and spatial adjacency have an impact on the spatial network of ecological efficiency of cultivated land utilization in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. The difference in the level of agricultural economic development, the rural per capita disposable income, and the differences in agricultural mechanization intensity are negatively correlated, while the regional population differences are positively correlated with spatial adjacency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In response to the personalized needs of the tourism industry, intelligent tourism planning services should be adopted. Through artificial intelligence and Big data technology, users' travel preferences, time, budget and other information are analyzed and mined in depth to provide users with more suitable travel routes and services. Therefore, according to the demand of tourist path recommendation in cultural scenic spots, this paper proposes a light sensor positioning method based on deep learning algorithm. This paper expounds the advantages of using optical sensor positioning for path recommendation, and describes the specific steps and processes of the optical sensor positioning method based on deep learning algorithm in detail. Finally, the feasibility and effect of this method are verified by experiments and data analysis. The results show that the localization of light sensor based on deep learning algorithm has high accuracy and practicability in the travel path recommendation of cultural scenic spots. Therefore, this method can provide accurate and reasonable path recommendation for tourists in cultural scenic spots and improve tourism experience and benefits. With the continuous development of the tourism market and the changing needs of users, this personalized tourism route planning and recommendation system will be increasingly widely applied and promoted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efflux pumps play important roles in bacterial detoxification and some of them are stress-response elements that are up-regulated when the host is treated with antibiotics. However, efflux pumps that are down-regulated by stimulations are rarely discovered. Herein, we analyzed multiple transcriptome data and discovered a special (Major Facilitator Superfamily) MFS efflux pump, KpsrMFS, from Klebsiella pneumoniae, which was down-regulated when treated with antibiotics or extra carbon sources. Interestingly, overexpression of kpsrmfs resulted in halted cell growth in normal conditions, while the viable cells were rarely affected. The function of KpsrMFS was further analyzed and this efflux pump was determined to be a proton-driven transporter that can reduce the intracellular tetracycline concentration. In normal conditions, the expression of kpsrmfs was at a low level, while artificial overexpression of it led to increased endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Moreover, by comparing the functions of adjacent genes of kpsrmfs, we further discovered another four genes that can confer similar phenotypes, indicating a special regulon that regulates cell growth. Our work provides new insights into the roles of efflux pumps and suggests a possible regulon that may regulate cell growth and endogenous ROS levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mini‐outburst of black hole X‐ray binaries (BHXBs) is a re‐bright event of light curve, which is often detected in BHXBs with the low orbital period, such as XTE J1650‐500 (Porb≈7.69±0.02hr$$ {P}_{\mathrm{orb}}\approx 7.69\pm 0.02\kern0.22em \mathrm{hr} $$), GRO J0422+32 (Porb≈5.091850±0.000005hr$$ {P}_{\mathrm{orb}}\approx 5.091850\pm 0.000005\kern0.22em \mathrm{hr} $$) and Swift J1753.5‐0127 (Porb≈3.244±0.001hr$$ {P}_{\mathrm{orb}}\approx 3.244\pm 0.001\kern0.22em \mathrm{hr} $$). Because of its low X‐ray luminosity, the physics properties of mini‐outburst is still unclear. GX 339‐4 is a famous BHXBs with the orbital period Porb=16.9hr$$ {P}_{\mathrm{orb}}=16.9\kern0.22em \mathrm{hr} $$ and present many normal outburst and failed outburst over the past decades. However, the mini‐outburst is not still detected in GX 339‐4. In this work, using the Rossi X‐ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) observations, we investigated the energy spectrum properties of the GX 339‐4 outburst in 2004 and confirmed that the outburst in 2004 is a mini‐outburst. It is very interest that the mini‐outburst has been through a whole state transition from Low/Hard state to High/Soft state. We also give a comparison between the normal outburst in 2002 and the mini‐outburst in 2004. And we find that the two outburst present a similar Hardness‐Intensity diagram and spectral properties, which suggest that the normal outburst and mini‐outburst have a similar physics. We think that the mini‐outburst of GX 339‐4 in 2004 can be well explained by the disk instability model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One normal outburst and three mini‐outbursts have been detected by Rossi X‐ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) satellite after 2000 in the well‐known black hole X‐ray binary XTE J1550‐564. In our work, we explored the energy spectral properties of the four outbursts and the three mini‐outbursts retained in the Low/Hard state. The results show that the X‐ray spectra of the three mini‐outbursts are harder than that of normal outburst and have no disk component. In the correlation analysis, the Γ−LX/LEdd$$ \Gamma -{L}_{\mathrm{X}}/{L}_{\mathrm{Edd}} $$ anti‐relationship of the three mini‐outbursts suggested that it may be a result of the incomplete evolutionary success of Shakura‐Sunyaev disk. The whole X‐ray spectral correlation evolution shows well the state transition from the Shakura‐Sunyaev disk to the advection‐dominated accretion flow. We think that the three mini‐outbursts may originated from a small discrete accretion event. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neural entity-linking models excel at bridging the lexical gap of multiple facets of facts, such as entity-related claims or evidence documents. Despite advancements in self-supervised learning and pretrained language models, challenges persist in entity linking, particularly in interpretability and transferability. Moreover, these models need many aligned documents to adapt to emerging entities, which may not be available due to data scarcity. In this work, we propose a novel Demonstrative Self-TrAining fRamework (D-STAR) that leverages multi-perspective thought navigation. D-STAR iteratively optimizes a question generator and an entity retriever by navigating thoughts on a dynamic graph reasoning across multiple perspectives for question generation. The generated question–answer pairs, along with hard negatives shared in the graph, enable adaptation with minimal computational overhead. Additionally, we introduce a new task, source-free entity linking, focusing on unsupervised transfer learning without direct access to original domain data. To demonstrate the feasibility of this task, we provide a generated question–answering dataset, FandomWiki , for novel entities. Our experiments show that D-STAR significantly improves baselines on SciFact, Zeshel, and FandomWiki. • Adapting a pretrained entity linking model for entity queries of emerging domains. • Dynamically prompting a large language model with multiperspective thought navigation algorithm. • Harnessing topological data to mine hard negatives in contrastive learning. • Conceptualizing source-free entity linking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addressed the challenges associated with the complexity, numerous parameters, computational resource demands, and slow processing speed of transformer fault identification models based on deep learning technologies. Sparse convolutional neural network (CNN) approach is proposed for identifying faults related to dissolved gases in oil. Leveraging an improved Gramian angular field, one‐dimensional fault samples are converted into two‐dimensional feature images and data augmentation is implemented to meet the input requirements of deep learning models. Building upon visual geometry group (VGG)19 and residual networks (ResNet)50 networks for fault diagnosis, sparsity techniques are introduced through pruning, the fusion of convolution layers and batch normalization layers, and parameter quantization. Numerical experiments and performance evaluations on dissolved gas in transformer oil fault data demonstrate that the proposed method effectively reduced model complexity, minimized parameter count, conserved computational resources, and improved processing speed while maintaining a considerable level of fault identification accuracy. This made it applicable to edge computing platforms characterized by small form factors and low power consumption in the power industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, many types of non-linear topological structure polymers, such as brush-shaped, star, branched and dendritic structures, have captured much attention in the field of gene delivery and nanomedicine. Compared with linear polymers, non-linear topological structural polymers offer many advantages, including multiple terminal groups, broad and complicated spatial architecture and multi-functionality sites to enhance gene delivery efficiency and targeting capabilities. Nevertheless, the complexity of their synthesis process severely hampers the development and applications of nonlinear topological polymers. This review aims to highlight various synthetic approaches of non-linear topological architecture polymers, including reversible-deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) including atom-transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), nitroxide-mediated polymerization (NMP), reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization, click chemistry reactions and Michael addition, and thoroughly discuss their advantages and disadvantages, as well as analyze their further application potential. Finally, we comprehensively discuss and summarize different non-linear topological structure polymers for genetic materials delivering performance both in vitro and in vivo, which indicated that topological effects and nonlinear topologies play a crucial role in enhancing the transfection performance of polymeric vectors. This review offered a promising guideline for the design and development of novel nonlinear polymers and facilitated the development of a new generation of polymer-based gene vectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transient wind is one of the dangerous conditions encountered by tethered UAVs operating at the ocean, making the cable and the UAV generate complex nonlinear vibration responses threatening normal operation, even safe flight. There is a lack of research on the nonlinear vibration of the tethered UAV in a transient wind field environment. This study analyzes the vibration response of a tethered quadrotor UAV under a transient wind field, which helps to boost the tethered UAV applications, providing engineering suggestions to design these systems. Considering both cable and UAV motions, the coupled dynamic equations of the tethered UAV system are established based on the Hamilton principle. The variation law of the cable vibration amplitudes with wind field and position is analyzed through a one-minus-cosine gust profile to describe the transient wind field, which can evaluate the dynamic behavior of systems in the actual flight. Moreover, the positions of maximum vibration amplitude in tangential and normal directions are found to be approximately 9/10 and 9/20 from the lower end of the cable. Furthermore, the tethered UAV system vibrations are investigated under different structural parameters. The results indicate that the UAV can maintain a stable single-period motion by increasing the length or elastic modulus or selecting the appropriate diameters of the cable. Finally, an experiment is implemented on the vibration response of the tethered UAV system in a wind tunnel. The theoretical result is compatible with the experimental one, demonstrating the theoretical method's accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to investigate the initial transient effects and the final steady-state sloshing characteristics under long-duration surge excitations experimentally. Liquids with different viscosity are applied in the sloshing experiments. The image recognition method is innovatively employed to accurately capture the free surface elevation in these experiments. The viscous effects are found to play a crucial role in altering the damping of the transient mode associated with its natural frequencies and the establishment of the steady-state mode related to the excitation frequency. The mechanism of viscous effects on energy dissipation and transferring is further revealed by Fast Fourier transform and wavelet transform. Then, the damping rates of liquid sloshing with different viscosities are quantitatively measured and analyzed, with reference to the early theories. It is found that with the use of the damping coefficient derived from the experimental data, we are able to describe the long-term evolution of sloshing using the potential flow theory corrected by a damping term, representing the viscous effects of a particular viscous liquid. The accuracy and applicability of this approach is further discussed in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anomaly detection for multivariate time series has been widely used in industry and has become one of the hot research problems in the field of data mining. However, the existing anomaly detection methods still have the following limitations: (1) The topological relationship between sensors is complex and nonlinear, and it is difficult to effectively model the inter-sensor dependencies. (2) Most anomaly detection models tend to ignore the critical temporal information in different time steps when capturing the temporal dependencies. To address these problems, we propose a hybrid graph transformer network for multivariate time series anomaly detection (HGTMAD), which combines the transformer with graph convolution to predict multivariate time series-based anomalies. In the time domain, we design a new sparse metric transformer network to capture the time dependence, where the Wasserstein distance is used to measure out significant dot product pairs to learn a better time series representation. In the spatial domain, we design a new channel convolution transformer network fused with a graph convolution network to learn accurately the complex dependencies of multivariate time series in spatial and on feature dimensions based on a combination of local and global approaches. Extensive experiments on publicly available datasets further demonstrate that the proposed HGTMAD significantly outperforms the mainstream state-of-the-art methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Representation transfer is a widely used technique in natural language processing. We propose methods of cleaning the dominant dataset of text simplification (TS) WikiLarge in multi-views to remove errors that impact model training and fine-tuning. The results show that our method can effectively refine the dataset. We propose to take the pre-trained text representations from a similar task (e.g., text summarization) to text simplification to conduct a continue-fine-tuning strategy to improve the performance of pre-trained models on TS. This approach will speed up the training and make the model convergence easier. Besides, we also propose a new decoding strategy for simple text generation. It is able to generate simpler and more comprehensible text with controllable lexical simplicity. The experimental results show that our method can achieve good performance on many evaluation metrics. • Using sentence representations to refine the dataset. • Fine-tuning by taking text representations from similar tasks. • A new decoding strategy for simple text generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Histamine (HIS) is primarily formed from decarboxylated histidine by certain bacteria with histidine decarboxylase (hdc) activity and is the most toxic biogenic amine. Hdc, which is encoded by the hdc gene, serves as a key enzyme that controls HIS production in bacteria. In this paper, we characterized the changes in microbial and biogenic amines content of traditional Sichuan‐style sausage before and after storage and demonstrated that Enterobacteriaceae play an important role in the formation of HIS. To screen for Enterobacteriaceae with high levels of HIS production, we isolated strain RH3 which has a HIS production of 2.27 mg/mL from sausages stored at 37°C for 180 days, using selective media and high‐performance liquid chromatography. The strain RH3 can produce a high level of HIS after 28 h of fermentation with a significant hysteresis. Analysis of the physicochemical factors revealed that RH3 still retained its ability to partially produce HIS in extreme environments with pH 3.5 and 10.0. In addition, RH3 exhibited excellent salt tolerance (6.0% NaCl and 1.0% NaNO2). Subsequently, RH3 was confirmed as Enterobacter hormaechei with hdc gene deletion by PCR, western blot, and whole‐genome sequencing analysis. Furthermore, RH3 exhibited pathogenicity rate of 75.60% toward the organism, indicating that it was not a food‐grade safe strain, and demonstrated a high level of conservation in intraspecific evolution. The results of this experiment provide a new reference for studying the mechanism of HIS formation in microorganisms. Practical Application: This study provides a new direction for investigating the mechanism of histamine (HIS) formation by microorganisms and provides new insights for further controlling HIS levels in meat products. Further research can control the key enzymes that form HIS to control HIS levels in food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The phase diagram of the Gd-Mn-Ga ternary system is a very important tool for the exploration and development of rare earth Heusler alloys with excellent physical properties, such as magnetic properties, half-metallic properties, ferromagnetic shape memory effect, magnetocaloric effect, ect. In this study, the alloy samples were prepared using a vacuum arc melting furnace, and the 873 K isothermal section of the Gd-Mn-Ga (≤50 at.%Ga) ternary alloy phase diagram was determined by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy spectrometry (EDS). The isothermal section consists of 22 single-phase regions, 44 two-phase regions, and 23 three-phase regions with the presence of 6 ternary compounds, GdMnGa, Gd 2 MnGa 6 , Gd 2 Mn 15 Ga 2 , Gd 2 Mn 11 Ga 6 , GdMn 0.56 Ga 1.44 , and GdMn 0.37 Ga 1.63. The solid solubility ranges of Ga in β-Mn and Gd 2 Mn 15 Ga 2 are 5.0–18.1 at.%Ga and 10.5–25.0 at.% Ga. The maximum solid solubility of Ga in α-Mn, GdMn 12 , and Gd 6 Mn 23 are 2.0, 2.7, and 7.3 at.% Ga, respectively. The maximum solid solubility of Mn in GdGa 2 is determined to be 13.1 at.% Mn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most Zr conversion coatings are prepared on Al alloys, with Al3+ from the substrate contributing significantly to the film growth process. Thus, the effect of Al3+ on the electrochemical characteristics, surface microstructure and film-formation mechanism of Zr-based conversion coatings on old- rolled steel (CRS) substrates was investigated by growing the coatings with and without Al3+ as an additive. Electrochemical tests indicated that the anticorrosion performance of the Zr-Al coatings prepared in the presence of Al3+ was greatly superior to that of Zr conversion coatings obtained in the absence of Al3+. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis indicated that adding of Al3+ in the conversion bath changed the surface microstructure of the Zr coating, greatly promoted the deposition of Zr and F on the CRS substrate and increased the film thickness and density. Both coatings were embedded into the etched CRS substrates. The presence of Al3+ additive induced the formation of different coating components. The Zr coating mainly consisted of ZrO 2 and some FeF x , whereas the Zr-Al coatings comprised of ZrO 2 , ZrO x F y , Al 2 O 3 , AlF x and some FeF x. The present study results confirm the key role of Al3+ as an additive in the film formation and growth process of Zr coatings and its effect on enhancing the anticorrosion performance of CRS substrates in NaCl solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A topological group H is called absolutely C -embedded if H is C -embedded into every topological group containing H as a subgroup. It is shown that a left uniformly continuous real-valued function on a subgroup of a topological group G can extend to a continuous function on G. Therefore, fine groups are absolutely C -embedded. We also prove that a CM -factorizable groups are absolutely C -embedded. Additionally, we explore the factorizability of absolutely C -embedded groups and establish that an absolutely C -embedded group G is R -factorizable if and only if G is an ω -narrow group. We also show that a non-metrizable absolutely C -embedded group G is M -factorizable if and only if G is τ -precompact, where τ = F i (G). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mitophagy plays indispensable roles in maintaining intracellular homeostasis in most eukaryotic cells by selectively eliminating superfluous components or damaged organelles. Thus, the co-operation of mitochondrial probes and lysosomal probes was presented to directly monitor mitophagy in dual colors. Nowadays, most of the lysosomal probes are composed of groups sensitive to pH, such as morpholine, amine and other weak bases. However, the pH in lysosomes would fluctuate in the process of mitophagy, leading to the optical interference. Thus, it is crucial to develop a pH-insensitive probe to overcome this tough problem to achieve exquisite visualization of mitophagy. In this study, we rationally prepared a pH-independent lysosome probe to reduce the optical interference in mitophagy, and thus the process of mitophagy could be directly monitored in dual color through cooperation between IVDI and MTR, depending on Förster resonance energy transfer mechanism. IVDI shows remarkable fluorescence enhancement toward the increase of viscosity, and the fluorescence barely changes when pH varies. Due to the sensitivity to viscosity, the probe can visualize micro-viscosity alterations in lysosomes without washing procedures, and it showed better imaging properties than LTR. Thanks to the inertia of IVDI to pH, IVDI can exquisitely monitor mitophagy with MTR by FRET mechanism despite the changes of lysosomal pH in mitophagy, and the reduced fluorescence intensity ratio of green and red channels can indicate the occurrence of mitophagy. Based on the properties mentioned above, the real-time increase of micro-viscosity in lysosomes during mitophagy was exquisitely monitored through employing IVDI. Compared with the lysosomal fluorescent probes sensitive to pH, the pH-inert probe could reduce the influence of pH variation during mitophagy to achieve exquisite visualization of mitophagy in real-time. Besides, the probe could monitor the increase of lysosomal micro-viscosity in mitophagy. So, the probe possesses tremendous potential in the visualization of dynamic changes related to lysosomes in various physiological processes. On account of the constant fluctuation of lysosome pH during mitophagy, a pH-inert lysosomal probe named IVDI was rationally constructed to achieve high-fidelity visualizing lysosomes exquisitely in mitophagy. The probe could exquisitely monitor the process of mitophagy in real time through FRET mechanism, and it could visualize the increase of micro-viscosity in lysosomes during mitophagy. [Display omitted] • A pH-inertia lysosome probe was rationally synthesized. • Compared with other lysosomal probes, the probe could reduce the optical interference when visualizing mitophagy. • The probe could exquisitely monitor mitophagy with MTR via FRET mechanisms in real time. • IVDI could monitor the increase of micro-viscosity in lysosomes during mitophagy process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• This paper proposes a wavelength tunable ring cavity erbium-doped fiber laser based on Fabry Perot filter fabricated by hydrofluoric acid corrosion for stretch sensing. • In the design of the laser, hydrofluoric acid is employed for chemical etching to prepare the F-P cavity, and tapering is applied to the F-P cavity to enhance sensitivity. In this study, the erbium-doped fiber laser with a ring cavity and a Fabry-Perot (F-P) filter was proposed and experimentally verified. In the design of the laser, hydrofluoric acid was employed for chemical etching to prepare the F-P cavity, and tapering was applied to the F-P cavity to enhance sensitivity. The experimentally prepared F-P filter was placed in the resonant cavity and served as a frequency-selective device for the fiber laser. At a laser threshold of 48 mW, we obtained a single-wavelength laser output at 1565.28 nm, with a 3 dB linewidth of 0.29 nm. To evaluate the stretching sensing performance of the EDFL system, we performed stretching of the F-P filter. The experimental results demonstrated that within a stretching length range of 0 to 3 mm, we could obtain a single-wavelength laser that could be tuned from 1559.57 to 1567.04 nm, corresponding to a tuning range of 7.47 nm. The laser showed a sensitivity of 2.73 nm/mm and a goodness of fit 0.999. Monitoring the stability of a single-wavelength laser within 30 min, the signal-to-noise ratio was greater than 27.212 dB, and the power fluctuation was less than 0.712 dB. Additionally, the polarization controller was adjusted to obtain two different dual-wavelength lasers with a power fluctuation of less than 0.71 dB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Smart PCMs with anti-liquid leakage and passive dimming have been designed. • It exhibits anti-liquid leakage even when stretched to 396 % at 60 °C. • Its switching transmittance window is 0.1%–89% from crystal phase to molten state. • Smart PCMs also displays a thermal storage density of up to 113.2 J g−1. As a new concept of smart materials, passive dimming phase change materials (PDPCMs) have potential in the field of energy-efficient buildings due to ultra-high energy utilization efficiency. Novel PDPCMs materials are reported by simulating the microstructure of high light transmittance polymer hydrogels. The self-prepared composite coordinates the inherent contradiction between anti liquid leakage, optical transmittance switching, and thermal storage density. There is an interaction between the hydroxyl groups (–OH) of MA and the ester groups (–COOR) of poly butyl methacrylate (PBMA), resulting in the PBMA/MA with a V MA / V PBMA volume ratio of 6:5 exhibiting good resistance to liquid leakage even when stretched to about 400 % at 60 °C. Based on the good compatibility and well-matched refractive index between MA and PBMA framework materials, the visible light transmittance of as-prepared PDPCMs has increased from 0.1 % at 30 °C to 89.0 % at 60 °C. The as-prepared composite also exhibits a good latent heat-storage capability with satisfactory phase-change enthalpies of over 113 J g−1. The as-prepared PDPCMs eliminate the spatial positional differences between photo-thermal conversion and thermal energy absorption, without considering the thermal conductivity of PDPCMs. The photo-thermal conversion efficiency can be increased by introducing well-matched color changing ink (CCI), significantly improving energy utilization efficiency. On the other hand, energy-saving doors/windows containing PBMA/MA composite materials allow sunlight to spread indoors due to the high transmittance (89.0 %) at high temperatures. The new design concept makes passive dimming composite materials suitable for high latitude areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nucleic acid sensors play a critical role in recognizing and responding to pathogenic nucleic acids as danger signals. Upon activation, these sensors initiate downstream signaling cascades that lead to the production and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and type I interferons. These immune mediators orchestrate diverse effector responses, including the activation of immune cells and the modulation of the tumor microenvironment. However, careful consideration must be given to balancing the activation of nucleic acid sensors to avoid unwanted autoimmune or inflammatory responses. In this review, we provide an overview of nucleic acid sensors and their role in combating cancer through the perception of various aberrant nucleic acids and activation of the immune system. We discuss the connections between different programmed cell death modes and nucleic acid sensors. Finally, we outline the development of nucleic acid sensor agonists, highlighting how their potential as therapeutic targets opens up new avenues for cancer immunotherapy. • In this review, we provide an overview of nucleic acid sensors and their role in perceiving various aberrant nucleic acids and activating the immune system in combating cancer. • We discuss the connection between different programed cell death modes and nucleic acid sensors. • Finally, we outline the development of nucleic acid sensor agonists and their potential as therapeutic targets opens up new avenues for cancer immunotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Liquid crystal monomers (LCMs), identified as emerging contaminations, have been detected in soils and plants, but their accumulation characteristics in plants haven't been studied. Therefore, this study systematically investigated the accumulation characteristics of LCMs in plants from four dimensions (i.e., plant fruit species, soil types, plant growth stages, and LCMs categories) for the first time. The LCMs concentrations (9.96 × 10−4 to 114.608 ng/g) in 22 plant fruits were predicted by the partition-limited model. Grains with the highest lipid content showed the highest LCMs accumulation propensity. Plants grown in paddy soil showed a strong LCMs accumulation capacity. Results showed that the LCMs accumulation capacity in plants from soils decreased when the soil organic matter content increased. A preferential accumulation of LCMs in plant root systems during growth was found by the molecular dynamics simulations. Compared to polychlorinated biphenyls (as the reference contaminants of LCMs), LCMs exhibit higher accumulation in plant roots and lower translocation to shoots. For the fourth dimension, lipophilicity was found to be the main reason of LCMs accumulation by intergraded stepwise linear regression with sensitivity analysis. This is the inaugural research concentrating on LCMs accumulation in plants, providing insights and theoretical guidance for future LCMs management strategies multidimensionally. Liquid crystal monomers (LCMs) are one of the essential materials for liquid crystal displays and have been identified as emerging containments, with detections now confirmed in soils and plants. However, the mechanism of their bioaccumulation in plants has not been established. Consequently, this paper presents the first comprehensive study on LCMs accumulation mechanisms in plants, identifying the patterns of LCMs accumulation in plants from various dimensions such as different plant species, soil types, plant growth stages, and LCMs categories, enhancing the understanding of the environmental behavior of LCMs and providing a theoretical reference for the formulation of LCMs management strategies. [Display omitted] • The first study focuses on the accumulation characteristics of LCMs in plants. • Plants with higher lipid contents may lead to higher accumulation of LCMs. • The higher the SOM content in the soil, the lower the LCMs uptake rate by plants. • LCMs exhibit a higher accumulation propensity in plant roots than that in shoots. • LCMs' lipophilicity contributes the most to the accumulation capacity in plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The synergistic effect of saltiness-enhancing peptides was demonstrated by S-curves. • The 3D model of TMC4 with ten transmembranes was constructed by homology modeling. • The binding mechanism of saltiness-enhancing peptides with TMC4 was explored. • The active sites of NEFGYSNR were calculated by frontier molecular orbitals analysis. The previously obtained chicken-derived umami peptides in the laboratory were evaluated for their saltiness-enhancing effect by sensory evaluation and S-curve, and the results revealed that peptides TPPKID, PKESEKPN, TEDWGR, LPLQDAH, NEFGYSNR, and LPLQD had significant saltiness-enhancing effects. In the binary solution system with salt, the ratio of the experimental detection threshold (129.17 mg/L) to the theoretical detection threshold (274.43 mg/L) of NEFGYSNR was 0.47, which had a synergistic saltiness-enhancing effect with salt. The model of transmembrane channel-like protein 4 (TMC4) channel protein was constructed by homology modeling, which had a 10-fold transmembrane structure and was well evaluated. Molecular docking and frontier molecular orbitals showed that the main active sites of TMC4 were Lys 471, Met 379, Cys 475, Gln 377, and Pro 380, and the main active sites of NEFGYSNR were Tyr, Ser and Asn. This study may provide a theoretical reference for low-sodium diets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Thirty-five TCP transcription factors were identified in pecan. • The expression of CIN subfamily genes under abiotic stress was analyzed by qRT-PCR, and the gene CiTCP8 was found to be most likely related to salt stress, and phenotypic analysis confirmed that CiTCP8 could enhance the salt tolerance of transgenic plants. • CiTCP8 protein in the nucleus, CiTCP8 transcription factor has self-activating activity, can bind GT/CGGNTTT sequence. The transcription factor TEOSINTE BRANCHED1/CYCLOIDEA/PCF(TCP) is a tiny family that is exclusive to plants, which is crucial for both abiotic stress and plant growth and development. Many different types of plants have been found to contain TCP transcription factors. Carya illinoensis is an important economic forest species, but the function of TCP transcription factors in pecan has not been reported so far. Based on the highly conserved TCP (PF03634) domain, we identified 35 TCP genes (CiTCPs) in pecan and divided them into three subfamilies. Analysis of conserved motifs and gene structure of the CiTCP gene family indicated that the gene family was highly conserved. Through bioinformatics and qRT-PCR analysis, we have identified a gene that may be related to salt stress, CiTCP8 , which has typical transcription factor characteristics. Phenotypic analysis of CiTCP8 transgenic Arabidopsis indicates that CiTCP8 can enhance salt tolerance in plant. Overexpression of CiTCP8 in Arabidopsis enhance plant tolerance to salt stress, as determined through some physiological and biochemical indicators. In addition, the expressions of stress-related genes were also activated in CiTCP8 transgenic Arabidopsis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crowd sit-to-stand (STS) loading are always featured with pulse-like action, high crowd density and high synchronization rate among individuals, which may cause severe vibration comfort or even safety issues of supporting structures. However, related work in structural dynamics remains limited. As an early attempt, this study focuses on the individual STS loading and tries to develop an efficient tool to evaluate the potential dynamic response of the supporting structure when subjected to an individual STS action. Firstly, a comprehensive test campaign involving twenty participants was conducted by simultaneously footfall force measurement and 3D motion tracking of the human body. Secondly, the mathematical model of the individual STS loading was developed. Then a response spectrum framework that can give quick estimation of structural dynamic response induced by individual STS loading was proposed. The design response spectrum was formulated based on the measured force data. The effect of seat height, with or without armrests and the types of vibration assessment index on response spectrum was further discussed. The effectiveness of the method was finally verified on four full-scale structures having fundamental frequency from 2 Hz to 10 Hz subjected to individual STS actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biofilm‐associated infections pose complex challenges that require addressing the multifaceted requirements of biofilm disruption, bacterial killing, and immunomodulation. In this study, microenvironment‐adaptive metallo‐polymeric nanodecoys (MPNs) are synthesized through one‐pot subcomponent coordination in aqueous solution, effectively eradicating bacterial biofilms and modulating immune response. Within the acidic microenvironment of biofilms, the positively charged MPNs demonstrated the ability to interact with and eliminate bacteria while facilitating a Fenton‐like reaction for efficient eradication of bacterial biofilms. As the local microenvironment shifted from a neutral to a basic state during subsequent tissue healing processes, the MPNs adaptively harness the multiple properties to bind pathogen‐associated molecular patterns, scavenge reactive oxygen species, thereby modulating the immune response, alleviating inflammation, and promoting tissue healing. This study presents an efficient strategy for preparing enzyme‐mimicking materials that closely resemble natural metalloenzymes, and the MPNs offer an efficient alternative to current antibiotic treatments for biofilm‐associated infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regional lung ventilation assessment is a critical tool for the early detection of lung diseases and postoperative evaluation. Biosensor-based impedance measurements, known for their non-invasive nature, among other benefits, have garnered significant attention compared to traditional detection methods that utilize pressure sensors. However, solely utilizing overall thoracic impedance fails to accurately capture changes in regional lung air volume. This study introduces an assessment method for lung ventilation that utilizes impedance data from the five lobes, develops a nonlinear model correlating regional impedance with lung air volume, and formulates an approach to identify regional ventilation obstructions based on impedance variations in affected areas. The electrode configuration for the five lung lobes was established through numerical simulations, revealing a power–function nonlinear relationship between regional impedance and air volume changes. An analysis of 389 pulmonary function tests refined the equations for calculating pulmonary function parameters, taking into account individual differences. Validation tests on 30 cases indicated maximum relative errors of 0.82% for FVC and 0.98% for FEV1, all within the 95% confidence intervals. The index for assessing regional ventilation impairment was corroborated by CT scans in 50 critical care cases, with 10 validation trials showing agreement with CT lesion localization results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]