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In recent years, flood risk in urban areas has been rapidly increasing due to unsustainable urban development, changes of hydrological processes and frequent occurrence of extreme weather events. Flood risk assessment should realistically take into account the complex interactions between human and natural systems to better inform risk management and improve resilience. In this study, we propose a novel Coupled Human And Natural Systems (CHANS) modeling framework to capture the intricate interactive human behaviors and flooding process at a high spatial resolution. The new CHANS modeling framework integrates a high‐performance hydrodynamic model with an agent‐based model to simulate the complex responses of individual households to the evolving flood conditions, leveraging the computing power of graphics processing units (GPUs) to achieve real‐time simulation. The framework is applied to reproduce the 2015 Desmond flood in the 2,500 km2 Eden Catchment in England, demonstrating its ability to predict interactive flood‐human dynamics and assess flood impact at the household‐level. The study also further explores the effectiveness of different flood risk management strategies, including the provision of early warning and distribution of sandbags, in mitigating flood impact. The new CHANS model potentially provides a useful tool for understanding short‐term human behaviors and their impact on flood risk during a flood event, which is important for the development of effective disaster risk management plans. Key Points: A new Coupled Human And Natural Systems (CHANS) framework is developed by integrating hydrodynamic and agent‐based models for simulation of flood dynamics and human responsesThe CHANS model is implemented on high‐performance GPUs to enable high‐resolution simulation across a large city or regionModel performance is demonstrated by reproducing an extreme flood event and predicting financial loss influenced by household activities in a 2,500 km2 catchment [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Unsafe opioid-related practices can lead to abuse, diversion, and accidental overdoses. In this study, we aimed to describe the patterns and beliefs regarding the storage, disposal, and use of opioids among Chinese patients with cancer in their home settings, which remain unclear. Methods A multicenter cross-sectional survey was conducted in Hubei Province from October 2022 to June 2023. We collected information on the storage, disposal, and use of opioids among cancer pain inpatients in the oncology department. Logistic regression was used to estimate the factors associated with unsafe disposal and use of opioids. Results The survey included 221 patients with a median age of 62 years. Only 3.2% stored their opioids under lock and key, and 49.8% were unaware of proper disposal methods. Nearly one-fifth (19.5%) reported having received information on the safe storage (14.0%) and/or disposal (10.0%) of opioids. A total of 44.3% reported unsafe use by sharing (1.8%), losing (4.1%), or taking opioids at a higher dose than prescribed (42.5%). Patients who did not receive information on the safe disposal of opioids (OR = 4.57, P  = .0423), had a history of alcohol use (OR = 1.91, P  = .0399), and used opioids other than morphine (OR = 2.31, P  = .0461) had higher odds of unsafe disposal practices. Individuals with an associate degree/bachelor's degree or above were less likely to dispose of (OR = 0.36, P  = .0261) and use (OR = 0.31, P  = .0127) opioids unsafely. Conclusion A significant proportion of Chinese patients with cancer exhibit unsafe practices in the storage, disposal, and use of opioids. The study highlights an urgent need for implementing routine education programs and drug "take-back" initiatives to improve opioid-related practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The burgeoning issue of landfill leachate, exacerbated by urbanization, necessitates evaluating its biological impact, traditionally overshadowed by physical and chemical assessments. This study harnesses Caenorhabditis elegans, a model organism, to elucidate the physiological toxicity of landfill leachate subjected to different treatment processes: nanofiltration reverse osmosis tail water (NFRO), membrane bioreactor (MBR), and raw leachate (RAW). Our investigation focuses on the modulation of sugar metabolism, particularly trehalose—a disaccharide serving dual functions as an energy source and an anti-adversity molecule in invertebrates. Upon exposure, C. elegans showcased a 60–70% reduction in glucose and glycogen levels alongside a significant trehalose increase, highlighting an adaptive response to environmental stress by augmenting trehalose synthesis. Notably, trehalose-related genes in the NFRO group were up-regulated, contrasting with the MBR and RAW groups, where trehalose synthesis genes outpaced decomposition genes by 20–30 times. These findings suggest that C. elegans predominantly counters landfill leachate-induced stress through trehalose accumulation. This research not only provides insights into the differential impact of leachate treatment methods on C. elegans but also proposes a molecular framework for assessing the environmental repercussions of landfill leachate, contributing to the development of novel strategies for pollution mitigation and environmental preservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) catalysts with high catalytic activity and high stability is a significant challenge. In this work, a LaCu0.1Fe0.9O3−δ (LCuF) electrocatalyst for NRR was developed based on B-site Cu doping in the LaFeO3 (LF) perovskite. Good NRR catalytic performance and long-term stability were achieved when this catalyst was used as the cathode material for a protonic ceramic electrolysis cell (PCEC). Experimental results demonstrate that the synergistic effect between Cu and Fe enhances the NRR activity of this electrocatalyst. Electrons are transferred through the Fe–O2−δ–Cu chain, resulting in the formation of more Fe4+ at Fe sites and more Cu+ at Cu sites. This accelerates the electron transfer rate and thus increases the NRR rate. At the same time, more oxygen vacancies (OVs) are generated around Cu+. Fe4+ and OVs are both electron-deficient species, which are helpful for activating N2 by trapping metastable electrons in the anti-bonding orbitals of adsorbed nitrogen molecules. This work provides a viable strategy for developing a highly efficient NRR electrocatalyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The method of evaluating student engagement in online classrooms can provide a timely alert to learners who are distracted, effectively improving classroom learning efficiency. Based on data from online classroom scenarios, a cascaded analysis network model integrating gaze estimation, facial expression recognition, and action recognition is constructed to recognize student attention and grade engagement levels, thereby assessing the level of student engagement in online classrooms. Comparative experiments with the LRCN model, C3D network model, etc., demonstrate the effectiveness of the cascaded analysis network model in evaluating engagement, with evaluations being more accurate than other models. The method of evaluating student engagement in online classrooms compensates for the shortcomings of single-method evaluation models in detecting student engagement in classrooms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of urban regionalization and networking of high-speed transport, intercity travel has increasingly played a key role in China's economic and social development and socioeconomic functional connections. However, amidst global change and uncertainty, the event disturbance-oriented theory and empirical research on intercity travel is still insufficient to improve the ability of transportation systems to cope with disturbances. Since uncertainty is prevalent in transport operations, improving Intercity Travel Behavior Resilience (ITBR) and grasping the spatiotemporal pattern of demand-side intercity travel fluctuation to restrain risk is essential for resilient transport construction. Based on related theories and analysis methods of spatial interaction and intercity travel, this study refines the definition of ITBR. A measurement model of ITBR was constructed based on long-term intercity travel data and the general properties of disturbance events. Furthermore, COVID-19 disturbance was used as a case study to reveal the adaptive pattern of intercity travel and the spatiotemporal pattern of ITBR over three years. The results show that the evaluation of ITBR based on seasonal and holiday trends reveal spatiotemporal patterns of intercity travel fluctuations influenced by disturbance events. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on intercity travel is as follows: peak of the national pandemic > peak of the Omicron variant > peak of the multipoint fluctuation. The intensity of intercity travel decreased linearly with an increase in distance, and intercity travel during the three stages is lost by 0.86, 1.03, 1.15 percentage points, respectively, with an increase of 50 km. The average intercity travel distances of residents in these three stages were shortened by 52.55, 65.31, and 105.16 km, respectively. The value of ITBR decreased from the multipoint fluctuation period to the national pandemic period because of the Omicron outbreak. Overall, ITBR showed a gradual increasing trend during the study period. Meanwhile, ITBR in these three stages was characterized by obvious spatial differentiation and regional agglomeration. Compared to existing research, this study further expands existing research focusing on intra-city travel behavior resilience by exploring ITBR on the regional scale.

Panax japonicus has long been utilized as an herbal remedy in Chinese traditional medicine for treating various diseases. In this investigation, we present the environmentally friendly silver nanoparticle (AgNP) synthesis by the aqueous extract of P. japonicas to follow its cardioprotective effects. Through various analytical methods, we identified the nanoparticles (NPs). Our XRD findings revealed the formation of Ag@P. japonicus, while FE-SEM imagery indicated a spherical shape, with NPs measuring less than 40 nm. The UV–Vis and FT-IR spectroscopy confirm the green synthesis of Ag@P. japonicus. In the medicinal section, 45 Wistar rats were utilized. These groups consisted of a normal group, a group that was solely treated with isoproterenol for inducing myocardial infarction, and two groups that were pretreated with AgNPs at different doses for 14 days. These pretreated groups were then challenged with isoproterenol. The expression of PI3K/Akt/mTOR and other downstream inflammatory and apoptotic mediators were followed. Additionally, the expression of Keap1, Nrf2, ECG, cardiac markers, and other downstream antioxidant enzymes were assessed. Treatment with AgNPs ameliorated the apoptosis, inflammation, and myocardial autophagy, regulated the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, increased the antioxidant enzyme efficacies, and activated the Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. The findings suggest that AgNPs may have a cardioprotective efficacy on myocardial infarction by mitigating the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway, GST, GPx, GSH, SOD, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, NF-κB, Bax, Bcl2, caspase-9, caspase-3, and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Furthermore, the treatment decreased the infarct region size, attenuated the cardiac indicators levels, and mitigated immune cell infiltration and myocardial necrosis.

Ye Mengde, a well-known Chinese poet and poetry critic in the Song Dynasty, advocated the concept of implicit naturalness in his work, Shilin Shihua (Shilin’s Remarks on Poetry). He emphasized that the use of allusions in poetic composition should not be far-fetched and demanded that words and sentences be refined and hammered. Based on Ye’s insights, Yang Wanli, another famous Chinese poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, further developed the theory. In Chengzhai Shihua (Chengzhai’s Remarks on Poetry), he proposed that the essence of poetry lies in “poems being concluded while the taste remains eternal,” paid attention to the skillful integration of idioms and allusions, advocated the importance of creating “stunning verses” in writing poetry, and practiced what he preached by actively engaging in poetic composition. He shattered the traditional conventions of the late Jiangxi School of Poetry, created the unique “Chengzhai Style” characterized by freshness and liveliness, and injected a vibrant “poetic taste” into poetry, enhancing the role of poetic composition theory in guiding poetry creation practices.

Background: Roburic acid (ROB) is a newly discovered tetracyclic triterpene acid extracted from oak galls, which has anti-inflammatory effects, but the mechanism of its anticancer effect is not clear. Our study focuses on exploring the potential mechanism of action of ROB in the treatment of lung cancer using a combination of network pharmacological prediction, molecular docking technique and experimental validation., Methods: A network pharmacology approach was used to screen the protein targets of ROB and lung cancer, and PPI network analysis and enrichment analysis were performed on the intersecting genes. The tissue and organ distribution of the targets was also evaluated based on the BioGPS database. To ensure the reliability of the network pharmacology prediction results, we proceeded to use molecular docking technique to determine the relationship between drugs and targets. Finally, in vitro experiments with cell lines were performed to further reveal the potential mechanism of ROB for the treatment of lung cancer., Results: A total of 83 potential targets of ROB in lung cancer were collected and further screened by using Cytoscape software, and 7 targets of PTGS2, CYP19A1, PTGS1, AR, CYP17A1, PTGES and SRD5A1 were obtained as hub genes and 7 hub targets had good binding energy with ROB. GO and KEGG analysis showed that ROB treatment of lung cancer mainly involves Arachidonic acid metabolism, Notch signaling pathway, cancer pathway and PPAR signaling pathway. The results of in vitro experiments indicated that ROB may inhibit the proliferation and metastasis of lung cancer cells and activate the PPARγ signaling pathway, as well as induce cellular autophagy., Conclusions: The results of this study comprehensively elucidated the potential targets and molecular mechanisms of ROB for the treatment of lung cancer, providing new ideas for further lung cancer therapy., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Wang, Chen, Deng, Hu, Wang, Zhang, Lian, Wang and Zhang.)

Introduction: The programmed cell death (PCD) plays a key role in the development and progression of lung adenocarcinoma. In addition, immune-related genes also play a crucial role in cancer progression and patient prognosis. However, further studies are needed to investigate the prognostic significance of the interaction between immune-related genes and cell death in LUAD., Methods: In this study, 10 clustering algorithms were applied to perform molecular typing based on cell death-related genes, immune-related genes, methylation data and somatic mutation data. And a powerful computational framework was used to investigate the relationship between immune genes and cell death patterns in LUAD patients. A total of 10 commonly used machine learning algorithms were collected and subsequently combined into 101 unique combinations, and we constructed an immune-associated programmed cell death model (PIGRS) using the machine learning model that exhibited the best performance. Finally, based on a series of in vitro experiments used to explore the role of PSME3 in LUAD., Results: We used 10 clustering algorithms and multi-omics data to categorize TCGA-LUAD patients into three subtypes. patients with the CS3 subtype had the best prognosis, whereas patients with the CS1 and CS2 subtypes had a poorer prognosis. PIGRS, a combination of 15 high-impact genes, showed strong prognostic performance for LUAD patients. PIGRS has a very strong prognostic efficacy compared to our collection. In conclusion, we found that PSME3 has been little studied in lung adenocarcinoma and may be a novel prognostic factor in lung adenocarcinoma., Discussion: Three LUAD subtypes with different molecular features and clinical significance were successfully identified by bioinformatic analysis, and PIGRS was constructed using a powerful machine learning framework. and investigated PSME3, which may affect apoptosis in lung adenocarcinoma cells through the PI3K/AKT/Bcl-2 signaling pathway., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Xie, Chen, Tian, Wang, Wang, Zhang, Wang and Lian.)

Objective: To explore the clinical effects of high-flow nasal cannulae (HFNC) in elderly patients with acute respiratory failure (ARF) and analyze prognostic factors following oxygen therapy., Methods: We enrolled 200 ARF patients between January 2022 and June 2023, dividing them into an observation group (n=125) treated with HFNC, and a control group (n=75) receiving conventional oxygen therapy. We compared vital signs before and after treatment and categorized patients into good and poor prognosis groups to analyze demographic data and prognostic factors., Results: Post-treatment, both groups showed improved vital signs, with the observation group experiencing significantly greater improvements (P<0.05). However, the observation group had a higher incidence of complications compared to controls (P=0.001). Patients with a history of endotracheal intubation or high APACHE II scores were more prevalent in the poor prognosis group (both P<0.05). Logistic regression identified the APACHE II score as a risk factor for poor prognosis, while HFNC emerged as a protective factor., Conclusions: HFNC is a safe and effective therapy that improves vital signs and alleviates hypoxia in elderly ARF patients. The APACHE II score and type of oxygen therapy are significant prognostic factors, with HFNC offering a protective effect., Competing Interests: None., (AJTR Copyright © 2024.)

Background : There is an association between LUAD and TB, and TB increases the risk of lung adenocarcinogenesis. However, the role of TB in the development of lung adenocarcinoma has not been clarified. Methods : DEGs from TB and LUAD lung samples were obtained to identify TB-LUAD-shared DEGs. Consensus Clustering was performed on the TCGA cohort to characterize unique changes in TB transcriptome-derived lung adenocarcinoma subtypes. Prognostic models were constructed based on TB signatures to explore the characterization of subgroups. Finally, experimental validation and single-cell analysis of potential markers were performed. Results : We characterized three molecular subtypes with unique clinical features, cellular infiltration, and pathway change manifestations. We constructed and validated TB-related Signature in six cohorts. TB-related Signature has characteristic alterations, and can be used as an effective predictor of immunotherapy response. Prognostically relevant novel markers KRT80 , C1QTNF6 , and TRPA1 were validated by RT-qPCR. The association between KRT80 and lung adenocarcinoma disease progression was verified in Bulk transcriptome and single-cell transcriptome. Conclusion : For the first time, a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis of tuberculosis signatures was used to identify subtypes of lung adenocarcinoma. The TB-related Signature predicted prognosis and identified potential markers. This result reveals a potential pathogenic association of tuberculosis in the progression of lung adenocarcinoma., Competing Interests: Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interest exists., (© The author(s).)

Background: Studies on immunogenic death (ICD) in lung adenocarcinoma are limited, and this study aimed to determine the function of ICD in LUAD and to construct a novel ICD-based prognostic model to improve immune efficacy in lung adenocarcinoma patients. Methods: The data for lung adenocarcinoma were obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and the National Center for Biotechnology Information (GEO). The single-cell data were obtained from Bischoff P et al. To identify subpopulations, we performed descending clustering using TSNE. We collected sets of genes related to immunogenic death from the literature and identified ICD-related genes through gene set analysis of variance (GSVA) and weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA). Lung adenocarcinoma patients were classified into two types using consistency clustering. The difference between the two types was analyzed to obtain differential genes. An immunogenic death model (ICDRS) was established using LASSO-Cox analysis and compared with lung adenocarcinoma models of other individuals. External validation was performed in the GSE31210 and GSE50081 cohorts. The efficacy of immunotherapy was assessed using the TIDE algorithm and the IMvigor210, GSE78220, and TCIA cohorts. Furthermore, differences in mutational profiles and immune microenvironment between different risk groups were investigated. Subsequently, ROC diagnostic curves and KM survival curves were used to screen ICDRS key regulatory genes. Finally, RT-qPCR was used to verify the differential expression of these genes. Results: Eight ICD genes were found to be highly predictive of LUAD prognosis and significantly correlated with it. Multivariate analysis showed that patients in the low-risk group had a higher overall survival rate than those in the high-risk group, indicating that the model was an independent predictor of LUAD. Additionally, ICDRS demonstrated better predictive ability compared to 11 previously published models. Furthermore, significant differences in biological function and immune cell infiltration were observed in the tumor microenvironment between the high-risk and low-risk groups. It is noteworthy that immunotherapy was also significant in both groups. These findings suggest that the model has good predictive efficacy. Conclusions: The ICD model demonstrated good predictive performance, revealing the tumor microenvironment and providing a new method for evaluating the efficacy of pre-immunization. This offers a new strategy for future treatment of lung adenocarcinoma., Competing Interests: Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interest exists., (© The author(s).)

Introduction: Tryptophan metabolism is strongly associated with immunosuppression and may influence lung adenocarcinoma prognosis as well as tumor microenvironment alterations., Methods: Sequencing datasets were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Two different clusters were identified by consensus clustering, and prognostic models were established based on differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the two clusters. We investigated differences in mutational landscapes, enrichment pathways, immune cell infiltration, and immunotherapy between high- and low-risk scoring groups. Single-cell sequencing data from Bischoff et al. were used to identify and quantify tryptophan metabolism, and model genes were comprehensively analyzed. Finally, PTTG1 was analyzed at the pan-cancer level by the pan-TCGA cohort., Results: Risk score was defined as an independent prognostic factor for lung adenocarcinoma and was effective in predicting immunotherapy response in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. PTTG1 is one of the key genes, and knockdown of PTTG1 in vitro decreases lung adenocarcinoma cell proliferation and migration and promotes apoptosis and down-regulation of tryptophan metabolism regulators in lung adenocarcinoma cells., Discussion: Our study revealed the pattern and molecular features of tryptophan metabolism in lung adenocarcinoma patients, established a model of tryptophan metabolism-associated lung adenocarcinoma prognosis, and explored the roles of PTTG1 in lung adenocarcinoma progression, EMT process, and tryptophan metabolism., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Wang, Zhang, Zuo, Chen, Wang, Xie, Ma, Min, Wang and Lian.)

Objective: To analyze the effects of thalassemia minor on the incidence of amniotic fluid abnormalities and the blood loss of pregnant women during delivery based on the database., Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, EBSCO, Web of Knowledge and Ovid databases were searched for articles on the incidence of amniotic fluid abnormalities and the amount of bleeding during delivery in pregnant women with mild thalassemia; it can also be combined with manual retrieval for literature review. The data retrieval period was from the establishment of the database to June 2022. According to the Newcastle Ottawa scale score, the quality of the six included literature was evaluated, and the Revman processing software was used for meta-analysis., Results: The 6 included articles are all high-quality literature, including 364 cases in the case group and 689 cases in the control group. The publication years of the literature are mainly from 2013 to 2021, and they are all high-quality literature. All literature was blinded, and a total of 4 pregnancy outcomes were extracted from the 6 included literature, including oligohydramnios/oligohydramnios, postpartum hemorrhage, preterm delivery, and cesarean section. Compared to normal pregnant women, the level of postpartum bleeding in thalassemia pregnant women was significantly increased [RR = 2.40, 95% CI (1.63-3.54), P < .05], and the difference was statistically significant. Compared to normal pregnant women, thalassemia pregnant women have a significantly higher risk of developing excessive/insufficient amniotic fluid [RR = 2.71, 95% CI (2.52-2.81), P < .01], and the difference is statistically significant. Compared to normal pregnant women, pregnant women with thalassemia have a significantly higher risk of premature birth [RR = 3.02, 95% CI (1.84~4.96), P < .05], and the difference is statistically significant. Compared to normal pregnant women, the risk of cesarean section in thalassemia pregnant women is significantly increased [RR = 1.68, 95% CI (1.39-2.02), P < .05], and the difference is statistically significant., Conclusion: Thalassemia minor can increase the incidence of amniotic fluid abnormalities and the amount of bleeding during labor. In the future, we should strengthen the health education of pregnant women, improve the understanding of the disease, avoid or reduce the impact of thalassemia on newborns, improve the pregnancy outcome, and provide a more reliable basis for clinical decision-making.However, there are still certain limitations: (1) the literature selected in the study for the past 5 years is relatively small, and they are all single center, retrospective studies, and have a small sample size, resulting in insufficient accuracy of the results of the meta-analysis; (2) Some literature lacks blind methods, which may lead to language bias and implementation bias in the results; (3) The research time is still short, and it has not been clear how different types of thalassemia affect abnormal amniotic fluid volume and postpartum bleeding.