Search

Therapeutic monitoring of antibiotics and antifungals based on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) parameters is a strategy increasingly used for the optimization of therapy to improve efficacy, reduce the occurrence of toxicities, and prevent the selection of antimicrobial resistance, particularly in vulnerable patients including neonates and the critical or immunocompromised paediatric host.In neonates and children, infections account for a high percentage of hospital admissions, and anti-infectives are the most used drugs. However, paediatric PK/PD studies and the evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of some newly marketed antibiotics and antifungals—usually used off-label in paediatrics—to determine the optimal drug dosage regimens are limited. It is widely known that this population presents important differences in the PK parameters (especially in drug clearance and volume of distribution) in comparison with adults that may alter antimicrobial exposure and, therefore, compromise treatment success. In addition, paediatric patients are more susceptible to potential adverse drug effects and they need closer monitoring.The aim of this document, developed jointly by the Spanish Society of Hospital Pharmacy and the Spanish Society of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, is to describe the available evidence on the indications for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of antibiotics and antifungals in newborn and paediatric patients, and to provide practical recommendations for TDM in routine clinical practice to optimise their dosing, efficacy and safety. Of antibiotics and antifungals in the paediatric population. Resumen: La monitorización terapéutica de antibióticos y antifúngicos en el paciente pediátrico, basada en parámetros farmacocinéticos y farmacodinámicos (PK/PD), es una estrategia cada vez más utilizada para la optimización del tratamiento de infecciones con el fin de mejorar la eficacia, reducir la aparición de toxicidades y prevenir la selección de resistencias antimicrobianas, especialmente en poblaciones vulnerables como neonatos, pacientes críticos o inmunodeprimidos.En la población neonatal y pediátrica, las infecciones representan un porcentaje elevado de los ingresos hospitalarios, siendo los antimicrobianos los fármacos más utilizados en este grupo poblacional. Sin embargo, establecer los regímenes posológicos óptimos en esta población es complejo debido a la menor evidencia respecto a la eficacia y seguridad de algunos antimicrobianos, especialmente en los de reciente comercialización que son utilizados habitualmente fuera de ficha técnica y al limitado número de estudios PK/PD disponibles en pediatría. Es bien conocido que el paciente pediátrico se caracteriza por presentar una serie de variaciones de los parámetros farmacocinéticos (como el aclaramiento o el volumen de distribución) debido a los propios cambios madurativos que pueden modificar la exposición a los antimicrobianos y comprometer el éxito del tratamiento. A su vez, es un grupo poblacional más susceptible a presentar potenciales efectos adversos a los fármacos, hecho que conlleva la necesidad de una monitorización más estricta.El objetivo de este documento de consenso, elaborado entre la Sociedad Española de Farmacia Hospitalaria (SEFH) y Sociedad Española de Infectología Pediátrica (SEIP), es describir la evidencia disponible sobre las indicaciones de la monitorización terapéutica de antibióticos y antifúngicos en pacientes neonatales y pediátricos, y proporcionar recomendaciones prácticas para su monitorización y ajuste de dosis, con el fin de optimizar el tratamiento, maximizando su eficacia y seguridad.

Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) is a bacterium with particular characteristics that give rise to a broad clinical spectrum, being respiratory infection the most frequent presentation. Infection by M. pneumoniae occurs in cyclical epidemics, and paediatricians in Spain have noticed an increase in cases since January 2024, establishing hospital registers to collect surveillance data (as it is not a notifiable disease in Spain). The diagnosis of infection by M. pneumoniae is made through serological testing and/or the detection of genetic material by means of polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Neither methods can differentiate between colonization and active infection, so a precise diagnosis is not possible and testing should only be requested in the case of high clinical suspicion. The role of antibiotherapy in infection by M. pneumoniae in its different clinical variants is not well defined. Most infections are self-limiting and mild, and there is insufficient evidence to support the use of antibiotherapy in these cases. Antibiotic treatment is justified in patients with risk factors for the development of severe disease (Down syndrome, anatomical or functional asplenia, immunosuppression), in hospitalized patients with respiratory infection and in patients with moderate or severe extrapulmonary forms. Taking into account aspects concerning the rational use of antimicrobials, the treatment of choice would be clarithromycin, with azithromycin as an alternative, reserving the use of doxycycline and levofloxacin for cases of antimicrobial resistance and/or infections of the central nervous system. Resumen: Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) es una bacteria con características peculiares que produce un amplio espectro de manifestaciones clínicas siendo la infección respiratoria la más frecuente de ellas. Se presenta en epidemias cíclicas, percibiendo los pediatras en España un incremento de casos desde enero del 2024, poniéndose en marcha registros hospitalarios (no es una enfermedad con declaración obligatoria en nuestro medio). El diagnóstico de la infección por MP se realiza mediante la determinación de serologías y/o la detección de material genético mediante reacción en cadena de polimerasa (PCR). Ambas son incapaces de diferenciar la colonización de la infección activa, por lo cual el diagnóstico preciso no es posible y deben solicitarse sólo en caso de alta sospecha clínica. El papel del tratamiento antibiótico en la infección por MP en sus diferentes variantes clínicas no está bien definido. La mayoría de las infecciones son autolimitadas y leves, sin evidencia suficiente en favor de la antibioterapia en estos casos. El tratamiento antibiótico estaría justificado en pacientes con factores de riesgo para desarrollo de formas graves (Síndrome de Down, asplenia anatómica o funcional, inmunodepresión), en pacientes hospitalizados con infección respiratoria y en pacientes con formas extrapulmonares moderadas o graves. Considerando aspectos referentes a la optimización del uso de antimicrobianos, el tratamiento de elección sería claritromicina, siendo alternativo el uso de azitromicina; y reservando el uso de doxiciclina y levofloxacino para los casos de resistencias antimicrobianas y/o infecciones del sistema nervioso central.

Objetivos: evaluar la evolución de la resistencia a los antibióticos de los microorganismos aislados de pie diabético infectado en pacientes atendidos en el Hospital Clínico Viedma, en las gestiones 2014, 2016, 2018 y 2021. Métodos: investigación observacional, descriptiva, retrospectiva, transversal con enfoque cuantitativo, 268 cultivos y antibiogramas de pacientes con diagnóstico de infección de pie diabético fue la muestra analizada con un 2,82 % de error máximo admitido. Resultados: se identificaron 312 microorganismos, con 71,5 % las bacterias Gram negativas fueron las más frecuentes, de estas la Klebsiella spp con 17,9 % y Escherichia coli con 17,6 % predominaron, cuya resistencia a la ciprofloxacina, sulfatrimetoprim y gentamicina aumentó, los bacilos Gram negativos no fermentadores más aislados fueron las Pseudomonas spp y el Acinetobacter spp cuya resistencia a las cefalosporinas, ciprofloxacina y carbapenémicos incrementó. Por otro lado, con 16,3 % el Staphylococcus aureus fue la bacteria Gram positiva más identificada, la resistencia a la meticilina de 17 % en 2014 aumentó a 25 % en 2021. Conclusiones: las enterobacterias fueron los microorganismos aislados con más frecuencia, cuya resistencia se asoció a la producción de betalactamasas de espectro extendido (BLEE).

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) published in 2017 a global priority pathogens (GPP) list for research and development of effective antibiotics. It is a catalog of bacteria that should be prioritized in the fight against antibiotic resistance. Objective: To collect and assess the scientific evidence on bacteria listed as GPP in animal food products and by-products in Colombia, identifying knowledge gaps and providing evidence-based recommendations. Materials and Methods: This review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Only original articles published in peer-reviewed journals were considered. Results: Twenty-one articles published between 2001 and 2021 met the inclusion criteria. The geographical areas of study were in the provinces of Antioquia, Cundinamarca (including Bogotá district), Santander, and Tolima. The main bacteria reported from the WHO's list were fluoroquinolone-resistant Salmonella, methicillinresistant and vancomycin-intermediate and resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and carbapenem-resistant ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae. The sources were feces, facilities, equipment, feed, animal drinking water, bedding material, animal tissues, and carcasses from broiler, laying hen, cattle, and pig production systems. Conclusion: Our findings enhance the understanding of the current dynamics of bacterial resistance in Colombia. Nevertheless, several aspects need to be further researched, such as defining standardized methods for microbiological identification in veterinary medicine, as well as evaluating antibiotic susceptibility patterns of bacteria in accordance to what is done in humans, among other aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globally and locally, the poultry industry is one of the fastest growing sectors. That is why in recent years new alternatives have been sought. The use of Moringa oleifera is an alternative food supplement in such production, addressing the problem of the growing demand for animal protein and the need to reduce the use of antibiotics. The importance of this research is highlighted in the context of the growth of the poultry sector in the country and its relevance for food security and animal welfare. This article has theoretical support from the various scientific databases, as well as the management and selection of key documents. The results of this research are expected to provide solid information on the use of Moringa oleifera meal as a viable alternative in broiler chicken feed, thus contributing to sustainable development and efficiency in poultry production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVES: To determine the frequency of pharmacodermias in the Hospital Ángeles Metropolitano, Mexico City, as well as to examine the clinical characteristics and etiological agents. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective study was carried out from March 2022 to June 2023. Patients hospitalized at the Hospital Ángeles Metropolitano, Mexico City, over 18 years of age, with a diagnosis of mucocutaneous adverse drug reactions were included. RESULTS: Of the 16,651 hospitalized patients in the period of study, 104 were selected for diagnosis of mucocutaneous adverse drug reaction. The prevalence was of 6.24/1000 hospitalized patients, with a predominance of female sex (62.5%). The most frequent pharmacodermia was maculopapular exanthema, followed by urticaria with or without angioedema. Serious adverse drug reactions, such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome, accounted for 1%. The most related drugs were antibiotics, followed by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study agree with those reported in the national and international literature; however, epidemiological studies on pharmacodermias in Mexico should be continued in order to establish a more realistic national incidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Características de la prescripción de antibióticos en gestantes del Instituto Nacional Materno Perianal, julio 2019 - junio 2021

Copyright of Revista Cientifica de la Facultade de Veterinaria is the property of Universidad del Zulia, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Enfermería Investiga: Investigaciin, Vinculación, Docencia y Gestiin is the property of Revista Enfermeria Investiga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

La otitis externa es una inflamación del conducto auditivo externo, que afecta generalmente a los caninos, sus causas pueden ser múltiples. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue determinar el perfil de susceptibilidad bacteriana en cepas de Staphylococcus spp. presentes en caninos con afectación de otitis externa. La metodología empleada inicialmente fue la identificación de caninos afectados, tomando en cuenta sus signos y síntomas (dolor a la palpación, eritema, edema, hipersecreción, prurito, edema), posteriormente de cada uno se tomó una muestra de la secreción auricular de un oído usando un hisopo estéril, los cuales fueron sembrados en agar base con 5 % de sangre desfibrinada de oveja, e incubados a 37°C por 24 horas. Como resultados obtuvimos que de las 46 muestras colectadas de pacientes con historial de otitis externa se logró aislar un 65,21 % de cepas de Staphylococcus spp. Respecto al perfil de sensibilidad y resistencia las cepas aisladas en este estudio mostraron mayor sensibilidad a la Gentamicina (100 %), seguida de Doxicilina (96,67 %) y Cefoxitina (90 %). Dentro de los antimicrobianos que presentaron mayor resistencia in vitro fueron la Eritromicina (26.66 %), seguida de la Clindamicina (23,33 %) y la Levofloxacina (23,33 %). Considerando el grado de resistencia a familias de antibióticos, las Lincosamidas (23,33 %), Macrólidos (21,66 %), Fluoroquinolonas (16,66 %), desarrollaron mayor resistencia in vitro. El cultivo y antibiograma se convierte en una herramienta fundamental para un éxito en la terapia antimicrobiana y evitar así el desarrollo de cepas multirresistentes.

The World Health Organization recognizes antimicrobial resistance as a real threat to global health systems, including it among the top ten problems that the human species struggles with, with around 700 thousand deaths each year. This global situation, complex in itself, was made more complex by the effects caused by the coronavirus, a phenomenon for which neither the population nor the health services were prepared.

Objectives: to evaluate the evolution of antibiotic resistance of microorganisms isolated from infected diabetic foot in patients treated at the Viedma Clinical Hospital, in the 2014, 2016, 2018 and 2021 administrations. Methods: observational, descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional research with a quantitative approach, 268 cultures and antibiograms of patients with a diagnosis of diabetic foot infection were the sample analyzed with a 2,82 % maximum admitted error. Results: 312 microorganisms were identified, with 71,5% Gramnegative bacteria were the most frequent, of these Klebsiella spp with 17,9 % and Escherichia coli with 17,6% predominated, whose resistance to ciprofloxacin, sulfa trimethoprim and gentamicin increased, the most isolated non-fermenting Gram negative bacilli were Pseudomonas spp and Acinetobacter spp whose resistance to cephalosporins, ciprofloxacin and carbapenems increased. On the other hand, with 16,3 % Staphylococcus aureus was the most identified Gram-positive bacteria, methicillin resistance from 17 % in 2014 increased to 25 % in 2021. Conclusions: enterobacteriaceae were the most frequently isolated microorganisms, whose resistance was associated with the production of extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. Acute appendicitis (AA) is the most frequent urgent surgical pathology in the pediatric population, but postoperative management is variable, with protocols minimizing variability. We present our results following the optimization of the management protocol in our institution in order to establish its efficacy in terms of number of infectious complications and optimization of resources in our environment. Materials and methods. An observational, retrospective study of patients undergoing AA surgery from January 2018 to August 2022 was carried out. Two cohorts were compared, both before (1) and after (2) the implementation of the new protocol. They were divided according to severity in order to conduct a subgroup-based analysis --phlegmonous (PH), gangrenous (G), and perforated (P) appendicitis. Results. 771 patients (1: 390; 2: 381) were included, with a homogeneous distribution and a median age of 9.3 ± 2.8 years. Blood tests requested prior to discharge experienced a significant reduction (PH: 3.9% vs. 0.5%; p= 0.026; G: 97.6% vs. 13.4%, p< 0.001). Days of hospital stay decreased in the PH (1.2 IQR: 0.7 vs. 1 IQR: 0.36; p< 0.001) and G (4 IQR: 1 vs. 3 IQR: 1 days; p< 0.001) subgroups. No differences in the number of abscesses were found between groups (41 vs. 43; p= 0.73), but they were noted within subgroup G (9 vs. 2; p= 0.029). A reduction in resource expenses was detected in PH and G appendicitis. Conclusions. In our study, the most widely benefited subgroup following protocol optimization was the gangrenous appendicitis subgroup, with a significant reduction in the number of complications and the use of hospital resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Investigación en Salud VIVE is the property of Revista de Investigacion en Salud VIVE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El absceso hepático tiene una baja incidencia, pero alta mortalidad y su diagnóstico suele ser tardío dada la variabilidad de presentaciones clínicas. Presentamos tres casos, todos correspondientes a mujeres, dos de edad avanzada y una adulta joven con insulinoresistencia. Dos se manifestaron con síndrome febril con microbiología no precisada, mientras que el tercero con shock séptico secundario a colangitis, aislándose Escherichia Coli. Todos fueron manejados con antibioticoterapia y drenaje, uno vía laparoscópica y dos percutáneos, uno de estos asociado a CPRE. Se contrastan los datos con la bibliografía disponible, destacando la necesidad de investigaciones actualizadas en Chile.

Therapeutic monitoring of antibiotics and antifungals based on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) parameters is a strategy increasingly used for the optimization of therapy to improve efficacy, reduce the occurrence of toxicities, and prevent the selection of antimicrobial resistance, particularly in vulnerable patients including neonates and the critical or immunocompromised paediatric host. In neonates and children, infections account for a high percentage of hospital admissions, and anti-infectives are the most used drugs. However, paediatric PK/PD studies and the evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of some newly marketed antibiotics and antifungals-usually used off-label in paediatrics-to determine the optimal drug dosage regimens are limited. It is widely known that this population presents important differences in the PK parameters (especially in drug clearance and volume of distribution) in comparison with adults that may alter antimicrobial exposure and, therefore, compromise treatment success. In addition, paediatric patients are more susceptible to potential adverse drug effects and they need closer monitoring. The aim of this document, developed jointly by the Spanish Society of Hospital Pharmacy and the Spanish Society of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, is to describe the available evidence on the indications for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of antibiotics and antifungals in newborn and paediatric patients, and to provide practical recommendations for TDM in routine clinical practice to optimise their dosing, efficacy and safety. Of antibiotics and antifungals in the paediatric population., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest regarding the content of this consensus document., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Therapeutic monitoring of antibiotics and antifungals based on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) parameters is a strategy increasingly used for the optimization of therapy to improve efficacy, reduce the occurrence of toxicities, and prevent the selection of antimicrobial resistance, particularly in vulnerable patients including neonates and the critical or immunocompromised paediatric host. In neonates and children, infections account for a high percentage of hospital admissions, and anti-infectives are the most used drugs. However, paediatric PK/PD studies and the evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of some newly marketed antibiotics and antifungals-usually used off-label in paediatrics-to determine the optimal drug dosage regimens are limited. It is widely known that this population presents important differences in the PK parameters (especially in drug clearance and volume of distribution) in comparison with adults that may alter antimicrobial exposure and, therefore, compromise treatment success. In addition, paediatric patients are more susceptible to potential adverse drug effects and they need closer monitoring. The aim of this document, developed jointly by the Spanish Society of Hospital Pharmacy and the Spanish Society of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, is to describe the available evidence on the indications for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of antibiotics and antifungals in newborn and paediatric patients, and to provide practical recommendations for TDM in routine clinical practice to optimise their dosing, efficacy and safety. Of antibiotics and antifungals in the paediatric population., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest regarding the content of this consensus document., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Therapeutic monitoring of antibiotics and antifungals based on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters, is a strategy increasingly used for the optimization of therapy to improve efficacy, reduce the occurrence of toxicities, and prevent the selection of antimicrobial resistance, particularly in vulnerable patients including neonates and the critical or immunocompromised host. In neonates and children, infections account for a high percentage of hospital admissions and anti-infectives are the most used drugs. However, pediatric pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies and the evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of some newly marketed antibiotics and antifungals -usually used off-label in pediatrics- to determine the optimal drug dosage regimens are limited. It is widely known that this population presents important differences in the pharmacokinetic parameters (especially in drug clearance and volume of distribution) in comparison with adults that may alter antimicrobial exposure and, therefore, compromise treatment success. In addition, pediatric patients are more susceptible to potential adverse drug effects and they need closer monitoring. The aim of this document, developed jointly between the Spanish Society of Hospital Pharmacy (SEFH) and the Spanish Society of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (SEIP), is to describe the available evidence on the indications for therapeutic drug monitoring of antibiotics and antifungals in newborn and pediatric patients and to provide practical recommendations for therapeutic drug monitoring in routine clinical practice to optimize pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters, efficacy and safety of antibiotics and antifungals in the pediatric population., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

The objective of the present study was to explore the influence of dietary supplementation with a mixed additive (MA) containing a probiotic and anti-mycotoxin (Saccharomyces cerevisiae RC016 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus RC007) and its interaction on the performance and health (biochemistry and liver/intestine histopathology) of broilers fed diets contaminated with aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ) at 506000±22.1ng/kg. The MA contained S. cerevisiae RC016 (1×10 7 cells/g) and L. rhamnosus RC007 (1×10 8 cells/g) in relation 1:1. A total of sixty-one-day-old Cobb broilers were randomly allocated into four treatment groups with three replicates of 5 birds each for a five-week-old feeding experiment. The experimental diet for each treatment (T) was formulated as follows: T1, a commercial diet (CD); T2, CD+AFB 1 ; T3, CD+0.1% MA; T4, CD+AFB 1 +0.1% MA. The MA improved (p<0.01) production parameters (weight gain, conversion rate, and carcass yield) and reduced (p<0.01) the toxic effect of AFB 1 on the relative weight of the livers. In addition, the macro and microscopic alterations of livers and the possible intestinal injury related to histological damage in the presence of mycotoxin were reduced. The use of probiotic MA based on S. cerevisiae RC016 and L. rhamnosus RC007 in animal feed provides greater protection against mycotoxin contamination and is safe for use as a supplement in animal feed, providing beneficial effects that improve animal health and productivity. This is of great importance at the economic level for the avian production system., (Copyright © 2024 Asociación Argentina de Microbiología. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) is a bacterium with particular characteristics that give rise to a broad clinical spectrum, being respiratory infection the most frequent presentation. Infection by M. pneumoniae occurs in cyclical epidemics, and paediatricians in Spain have noticed an increase in cases since January 2024, establishing hospital registers to collect surveillance data (as it is not a notifiable disease in Spain). The diagnosis of infection by M. pneumoniae is made through serological testing and/or the detection of genetic material by means of polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Neither methods can differentiate between colonization and active infection, so a precise diagnosis is not possible and testing should only be requested in the case of high clinical suspicion. The role of antibiotherapy in infection by M. pneumoniae in its different clinical variants is not well defined. Most infections are self-limiting and mild, and there is insufficient evidence to support the use of antibiotherapy in these cases. Antibiotic treatment is justified in patients with risk factors for the development of severe disease (Down syndrome, anatomical or functional asplenia, immunosuppression), in hospitalized patients with respiratory infection and in patients with moderate or severe extrapulmonary forms. Taking into account aspects concerning the rational use of antimicrobials, the treatment of choice would be clarithromycin, with azithromycin as an alternative, reserving the use of doxycycline and levofloxacin for cases of antimicrobial resistance and/or infections of the central nervous system., (Copyright © 2024 Asociación Española de Pediatría. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Objective: This study aimed to assess the cause of acute pharyngitis and determine the duration of severe and moderate symptoms based on the aetiology., Design: Prospective observational study. SITE: One urban health care centre., Participants: Patients aged 15 or older with acute pharyngitis were included., Interventions: Bacterial identification was carried out in the microbiology lab using MALDI-TOF in two throat samples. Patients received a symptom diary to return after one week., Main Measurements: Number of days with severe symptoms, scoring 5 or more in any of the symptoms included in the symptom diary, and moderate symptoms, scoring 3 or more., Results: Among the 149 patients recruited, beta-haemolytic streptococcus group A (GABHS) was the most common aetiology. Symptoms and signs alone as well as the mean Centor score cannot distinguish between GABHS and other bacterial causes in patients with acute pharyngitis. However, there was a trend indicating that infections caused by Streptococcus dysgalactiae and Streptococcus agalactiae presented more severe symptoms, whereas infections attributed to the Streptococcus anginosus group, Fusobacterium spp., and those where oropharyngeal microbiota was isolated tended to have milder symptoms. S. dysgalactiae infections showed a trend towards longer severe and moderate symptom duration., Conclusion: GABHS was the most prevalent, but group C streptococcus caused more severe and prolonged symptoms., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Publicado por Elsevier España S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Copyright of Revista de Toxicología is the property of Asociacion Espanola de Toxicologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Antecedentes: el uso de los antibióticos como promotores del crecimiento en porcinos es altamente cuestionable debido a la actual problemática en salud pública por la resistencia bacteriana. Los probióticos surgen como una alternativa para restablecer el equilibrio del microambiente digestivo y reducir las poblaciones de bacterias resistentes a antibióticos. Objetivo: evaluar el microbioma intestinal de cerdos que reciben una dieta suplementada con antibióticos y compararlo con probióticos micro encapsulados (Fortcell Feed‚ Bialtec S.A.S) en pre-cebo. Metodología: se tomaron muestras fecales de 42 cerdos: 21 con dieta suplementada con antibióticos (grupo A) y 21 con probióticos (grupo F). Se realizaron análisis metagenómicos mediante técnicas NGS. Resultados: se caracterizó la composición del microbioma intestinal. Los microorganismos bacterianos fueron los más abundantes (64‚32 %)‚ seguido por los protistas (22‚7 %)‚ virus (12‚62 %) y hongos (0‚3 %). Se presentó una abundancia mayor en cerdos en pre-cebo al ser comparado con cerdos lactantes usados como control (94‚23 % vs 5‚77 %). Se hallaron 138 géneros bacterianos y las bacterias más abundantes independiente del tratamiento fueron Prevotella spp. con un 23‚63 % para el grupo F y 17‚78 % para A‚ seguida por Lactobacillus spp. con un 12‚51 % y 11‚54 % para F y A respectivamente. En el grupo A se hallaron bacterias patógenas como Salmonella entérica subespecie entérica serovar Typhimurium y Lawsonia intracellularis. El protista más abundante fue Neobalamtidium coli con un 66‚37 % y 85‚89 % en el grupo F y A respectivamente. El virus más frecuente fue el adenovirus porcino con un 78‚79 y 87‚27 % respectivamente. En el grupo A todos los hongos hallados fueron del género Diutina spp.‚ en el grupo F se identificó la presencia del mismo hongo en 86‚27 % y de Trichosporon spp. con 13‚13 %. Conclusiones: la abundancia del microbioma fue similar en ambos grupos; pero se encontraron bacterias con potencial patógeno en la dieta convencional; esto podría sugerir que la inclusión de probióticos regula de manera positiva las poblaciones bacterianas con poder patógeno promoviendo la salud de los cerdos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antecedentes: la resistencia antimicrobiana es un fenómeno evolutivo que pueden adquirir múltiples microorganismos en la naturaleza frente a distintas sustancias antibióticas o biocidas. La resistencia antimicrobiana en Salmonella spp. es una problemática presente en todo el mundo debido a que la generación de estos mecanismos reduce las opciones de tratamiento contra las infecciones por este tipo de bacterias. Objetivo: identificar los patrones fenotípicos y genotípicos de resistencia antimicrobiana de Salmonella spp.‚ mediante una revisión sistemática. Métodos: se realizó una revisión sistemática de literatura sobre los patrones fenotípicos y genotípicos de resistencia antimicrobiana de Salmonella spp. en Latinoamérica aplicando la metodología PRISMA. Se incluyeron estudios publicados del 2015 al 2020 y los datos fueron analizados basados en país‚ serovares identificados‚ antibióticos con fenotipo resistente y genes de resistencia. Resultados: de 412 estudios encontrados inicialmente solo 23 cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión de este estudio. Dentro del periodo de análisis el país con mayor número de publicaciones incluidas en este estudio es Brasil (16)‚ seguido por Ecuador (2). Países como Colombia‚ México‚ Chile y Argentina contribuyeron al estudio con una publicación. Los serovares más reportados son S. Heidelberg‚ S. Infantis‚ S. Enteritidis‚ S. Schwarzengrund‚ S. Agona y S. Newport. Las familias de antibióticos con el mayor número de reportes de resistencia fueron los betalactámicos‚ aminoglucósidos‚ fluoroquinolonas‚ sulfonamidas‚ fenicoles y tetraciclinas; sin embargo‚ los porcentajes de resistencia más altos reportados pertenecen a las quinolonas‚ sulfonamidas y tetraciclinas. Los genes de resistencia con mayor número de reportes son de betalactamasas de amplio espectro blaTEM-1 y blaCTX-M) y Aminoglucosidasas (aadA1‚ aadA2‚ aadA5‚ aac (6”)‚ strA‚ strB‚ aph(3”)-IIa y aph(6)-Ia). Conclusión: estos hallazgos demuestran que los estudios de resistencia antimicrobiana en Salmonella spp. son escasos en Latinoamérica y resalta la necesidad de generar más investigaciones a nivel regional‚ enfocados en la detección de genes de resistencia antimicrobiana. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a study on the antimicrobial resistance profile of bacteria isolated from the milk of cows with clinical and subclinical mastitis. The objective of the study was to evaluate the resistance of bacteria to different antimicrobials. Strains of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus spp., and Staphylococcus spp. were used. The results showed efficacy of the antimicrobials against Staphylococcus spp. and Escherichia coli, but significant resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The study highlights the importance of careful selection of antimicrobials and constant monitoring of bacterial resistance. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Revista de Toxicología is the property of Asociacion Espanola de Toxicologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)