56 results
Search Results
2. The Effects of Sports Betting on Cross-Border Substitution in Casino Gambling.
- Author
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Can, Ege and Nichols, Mark W.
- Subjects
SPORTS betting ,CASINOS ,REGRESSION discontinuity design ,GAMBLING ,INTERNAL revenue - Abstract
This paper tests for potential cross-border substitution in casino gambling between Illinois and Missouri due to the launch of sports betting in Illinois. Using casino-level gambling revenue and admissions data, difference-in-differences, event study analysis, and regression discontinuity design, our findings suggest that the launch of sports betting increased casino revenues and admissions in the Illinois casinos and decreased revenue and admissions in Missouri casinos close to the border of Illinois and Missouri. Thus, Missouri not only lost potential sports betting tax revenue but also tax revenue from casino gambling revenue and admissions resulting from cross-border substitution between Missouri and Illinois after the launch of sports betting. The size of the lost casino and foregone sports betting tax revenues suggests Missouri and other states in similar circumstances are likely to experience continued fiscal pressure to legalize sports betting despite possible moral objections or an intent to minimize social costs through prohibition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Catching carp: a review of bigheaded carp capture strategies.
- Author
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Lederman, Nathan J., Collins, Scott F., Hammen, Jeremy J., and Parkos, Joseph J.
- Subjects
SILVER carp ,BIGHEAD carp ,SIZE of fishes ,FISHING nets ,FISHERY gear ,CARP - Abstract
We conducted a review to summarize the settings, configurations, and capture data for an array of fisheries gear types used to capture invasive bigheaded carps (Hypophthalmichthys spp.) in North America. The goal of this paper was to synthesize patterns of bigheaded carp catch data across various gear types and capture methods. Data consisted of bigheaded carps captured among a variety of riverine habitats where their populations are well-established (e.g., lower pools of the Illinois River), as well as near the leading edge of their invasion front (e.g., Upper Mississippi, Upper Illinois, Upper Missouri, Red River). Our synthesis provides a summary of (1) capture gears and their settings/configurations, (2) catches (fish size, number captured, precision of estimates), and (3) assessment of gears that were robust (i.e., high precision, low cost, high catch, sample many habitat types) in riverine environments and impoundments. Across the 26 gear types used to target bigheaded carps, catch rates of silver carp were consistently higher than bighead carp, which may result from a combination of sampling inefficiencies, sampling biases, and spatial dynamics of their invasions. Gear performance matrices combining catch rate, precision, and labor cost indicated that DC electrofishing and herding fish into gill nets and/or trammel nets were the top-ranked capture methods. This review provides guidance for the development of detection, monitoring, and control programs that target bigheaded carp species, as well as identifies future research to fill critical data gaps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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4. Documentation of prenatal contraceptive counseling and fulfillment of permanent contraception: a retrospective cohort study.
- Author
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Viswanathan, Ambika V., Berg, Kristen A., Bullington, Brooke W., Miller, Emily S., Boozer, Margaret, Serna, Tania, Bailit, Jennifer L., and Arora, Kavita Shah
- Subjects
CONTRACEPTION ,STATISTICS ,COUNSELING ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,MULTIVARIATE analysis ,MULTIPLE regression analysis ,AGE distribution ,RETROSPECTIVE studies ,GESTATIONAL age ,RACE ,DOCUMENTATION ,T-test (Statistics) ,PUERPERIUM ,HEALTH insurance ,PARITY (Obstetrics) ,CHI-squared test ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,RESEARCH funding ,PRENATAL care ,MARITAL status ,BODY mass index ,ODDS ratio ,DATA analysis software ,LONGITUDINAL method ,SECONDARY analysis ,INSURANCE - Abstract
Background: Barriers exist for the provision of surgery for permanent contraception in the postpartum period. Prenatal counseling has been associated with increased rates of fulfillment of desired postpartum contraception in general, although it is unclear if there is impact on permanent contraception specifically. Thus, we aimed to investigate the association between initial timing for prenatal documentation of a contraceptive plan for permanent contraception and fulfillment of postpartum contraception for those receiving counseling. Methods: This is a planned secondary analysis of a multi-site cohort study of patients with documented desire for permanent contraception at the time of delivery at four hospitals located in Alabama, California, Illinois, and Ohio over a two-year study period. Our primary exposure was initial timing of documented plan for contraception (first, second, or third trimester, or during delivery hospitalization). We used univariate and multivariable logistic regression to analyze fulfillment of permanent contraception before hospital discharge, within 42 days of delivery, and within 365 days of delivery between patients with a documented plan for permanent contraception in the first or second trimester compared to the third trimester. Covariates included insurance status, age, parity, gestational age, mode of delivery, adequacy of prenatal care, race, ethnicity, marital status, and body mass index. Results: Of the 3103 patients with a documented expressed desire for permanent contraception at the time of delivery, 2083 (69.1%) had a documented plan for postpartum permanent contraception prenatally. After adjusting for covariates, patients with initial documented plan for permanent contraception in the first or second trimester had a higher odds of fulfillment by discharge (aOR 1.57, 95% C.I 1.24–2.00), 42 days (aOR 1.51, 95% C.I 1.20–1.91), and 365 days (aOR 1.40, 95% C.I 1.11–1.75), compared to patients who had their first documented plan in the third trimester. Conclusions: Patients who had a documented prenatal plan for permanent contraception in trimester one and two experienced higher likelihood of permanent contraception fulfillment compared to those with documentation in trimester three. Given the barriers to accessing permanent contraception, it is imperative that comprehensive, patient-centered counseling and documentation regarding future reproductive goals begin early prenatally. Plain language summary: Permanent contraception is a highly desired form of postpartum contraception in the United States, however there are several barriers to accessing it. In this paper, we investigate whether the timing of when a patient has a documented plan for postpartum contraception has an impact on if they achieve postpartum contraception. This is a cohort study from four hospitals in Illinois, Ohio, California, and Alabama for patients with a desire for postpartum permanent contraception documented in their medical record. We specifically investigated the trimester (first, second, or third) where a patient had a plan for permanent contraception first documented. We then used univariate and multivariate models to determine the relationship between the timing of a plan for permanent contraception and if a patient achieved the procedure at three time-points: hospital discharge, 42-days, and 365-days. Our findings showed that of the 3103 patients in our cohort, only 69.1% of them had a documented plan for postpartum contraception at any point before going to the hospital for their delivery admission. We additionally found that patients who had a documented plan for permanent contraception in the first or second trimester had a higher odds of receiving their postpartum contraception procedure compared to people who had their first documented plan in the third trimester. This showed us the importance of earlier counseling regarding contraception for pregnant patients. There are many barriers to accessing postpartum contraception, so having patient focused counseling about future goals around reproductive health early on in pregnancy is critical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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5. Comparing maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods for fitting hidden Markov models to multi-state capture-recapture data of invasive carp in the Illinois River.
- Author
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Labuzzetta, Charles J., Coulter, Alison A., and Erickson, Richard A.
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HIDDEN Markov models ,MAXIMUM likelihood statistics ,SILVER carp ,CARP ,MARKOV processes - Abstract
Background: Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) are often used to model multi-state capture-recapture data in ecology. However, a variety of HMM modeling approaches and software exist, including both maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods. The diversity of these methods obscures the underlying HMM and can exaggerate minor differences in parameterization. Methods: In this paper, we describe a general framework for modelling multi-state capture-recapture data via HMMs using both maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods. We then apply an HMM to invasive silver carp telemetry data from the Illinois River and compare the results estimated by both methods. Results: Our analysis demonstrates disadvantages of relying on a single approach and highlights insights obtained from implementing both methods together. While both methods often struggled to converge, our results show biologically informative priors for Bayesian methods and initial values for maximum likelihood methods can guide convergence toward realistic solutions. Incorporating prior knowledge of the system can successfully constrain estimation to biologically realistic movement and detection probabilities when dealing with sparse data. Conclusions: Biologically unrealistic estimates may be a sign of poor model convergence. In contrast, consistent convergence behavior across approaches can increase the credibility of a model. Estimates of movement probabilities can strongly influence the predicted population dynamics of a system. Therefore, thoroughly assessing results from HMMs is important when evaluating potential management strategies, particularly for invasive species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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6. Psychometric properties of the Thai version of the Internalized sexual stigma scale for research on lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) populations.
- Author
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Kittiteerasack, Priyoth, Matthews, Alicia K., and Park, Chang
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COMMUNITY health services , *PEARSON correlation (Statistics) , *MULTITRAIT multimethod techniques , *RESEARCH funding , *HUMAN sexuality , *LGBTQ+ people , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *MINORITY stress , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *CHI-squared test , *SEX customs , *SURVEYS , *PSYCHOMETRICS , *RESEARCH methodology , *PSYCHOLOGICAL stress , *DATA analysis software , *SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC factors , *FACTOR analysis , *SOCIAL stigma , *TRANSCULTURAL medical care ,RESEARCH evaluation - Abstract
Internalized sexual stigma is an important contributor to LGBT mental health disparities. In Thailand, the absence of validated instruments represents a research barrier. The study's purpose was to translate and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Revised Internalized Homophobia (IHP-R) scale. Based on the cross-cultural principle, team translation was applied. The IHP-R was translated by the principal author and reviewed by bilingual Thai nurses, and clarifications were made. Multidisciplinary experts provided back translation and reconciled the finalized Thai version. The psychometric properties were established in 412 Thai LGBT individuals. Data was collected via online and paper-pencil surveys and analyzed using SPSS. Most participants were male, age ranged 18–53, with moderate levels of internalized homophobia (M = 2.3, SD = 1.04). The inter-item and item-total correlations were.38-.63 and.55-.68. The content validity index was high (I-CVI, S-CVI/UA/Ave = 1). The exploratory factor analysis confirmed one construct of internalized sexual self-stigma (factor loading =.702–.816). Scores on IHP-R were correlated with stress and experiences of discrimination (r =.14 and.12). Internal consistency reliability was also high (Cronbach's alpha coefficient =.83). The IHP-R Thai version has high psychometric properties and is appropriate for LGBT research in Thailand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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7. The dynamic and persistent effects of tax increment financing as an example of place-based policy: evidence from Cook County, Illinois.
- Author
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Kim, Geon
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TAX increment financing ,REGIONAL development ,TAX incidence ,ECONOMIC development - Abstract
Using a staggered difference-in-differences design, this paper analyses the effects of tax increment financing (TIF) in Cook County, Illinois. TIF is negatively correlated with the number of establishments in Chicago, likely due to unintended tax burdens and competition between TIF districts. In non-Chicago areas, TIF shows positive effects on employment for 6–20 years. Lastly, this study provides evidence of the persistent effects of TIF and its potential to move localities from low- to high-density economic activity, calling for a re-evaluation of the argument against subsidising economically lagging areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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8. Essays on Immigration and Postsecondary Education
- Author
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Jorge E. Encinas
- Abstract
This dissertation consists of three papers. In each paper, I use applied econometric methods to study the interaction between immigration policy and the postsecondary policy. The findings offer insights about how immigration policy can influence the education outcomes of undocumented individuals. In my first paper, I explore the effect on postsecondary enrollment through increased transportation access by studying the enactment of a driver's license law targeting undocumented immigrants in Illinois. Transportation access through driver's licenses can lower the cost of travel and help overcome the barrier of college distance for undocumented students. Using a difference- in-differences strategy with other Midwest states as a comparison group, I find negative college enrollment effects of the Illinois driver's license law on undocumented migrants who were not eligible for driver's licenses before the passage of the law. I show evidence that this decrease in college enrollment was driven by individuals choosing to pursue employment rather than higher education opportunities once given legal access to a driver's license. In my second paper, my co-author and I use a regression discontinuity strategy to estimate the effect of ineligibility for the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program on education and labor-market outcomes of undocumented migrants, aged 30 and older, who were the intended cohort of the failed Development, Relief, and Education for Alien Minors Acts (DREAM Acts). I show that likely undocumented migrants who were just age-ineligible for DACA experienced large decreases in their incomes and that DACA ineligibility had no effect on educational outcomes. These findings demonstrate the negative effects on income caused by their exclusion from various proposed or enacted immigration reforms. My third paper studies the effect of in-state resident tuition and state financial aid in the more hostile political environment facing undocumented students in recent years. I do so by analyzing the effect of the Minnesota Dream Act that provided in-state resident tuition and needs-based state financial aid for undocumented students. Using a synthetic control approach, I find suggestive evidence that the Minnesota Dream Act had positive effects on enrollment of up to 30 percentage points. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]
- Published
- 2024
9. Engaging Families in Supporting the Whole Child: Chicago West Side Parents' Perceptions of Child Health.
- Author
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Jarpe-Ratner, Elizabeth, Offstein, Maddie, Williams, Angel, Odoms-Young, Angela, and Chriqui, Jamie F.
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CHILDREN'S health , *FOCUS groups , *HEALTH , *HEALTH policy , *INTERVIEWING , *FAMILY roles , *PARENT attitudes , *VIOLENCE in the community , *CAREGIVERS , *THEMATIC analysis , *RACISM , *RESEARCH methodology , *HEALTH promotion , *HEALTH equity , *WELL-being , *SCHOOL health services - Abstract
Schools and districts nationwide have heavily emphasized supporting students' health and wellbeing by engaging families and caregivers to truly support the "whole child," as outlined in the Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child (WSCC) model. The COVID-19 pandemic only heightened the important role of school and family partnerships in supporting children's health. The Chicago Public Schools (CPS) Healthy CPS initiative is designed to support schools in their compliance with existing health and wellness policies to support child health. This study aimed to explore parents' primary health concerns for their children, characterize these views, explore any alignment with WSCC, and identify recommendations for family engagement in school health promotion. Eleven semi-structured focus groups (seven English, four Spanish) were conducted with CPS parents/caregivers. Groups were conducted in spring 2021 on Chicago's West Side, one of the more historically disinvested communities in the city. Focus groups were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using constant comparison, incorporating both inductive and deductive approaches. Key themes emerged related to parents' perceptions of schools' role in promoting health including: (1) parents see child health as a shared responsibility between families and schools; and (2) parents identify significant structural barriers and inequities that impede child health, such as racism, community violence, and a lack of community resources in their neighborhoods, and believe schools can do more to address them. Parents' viewed child health and wellbeing as multidimensional and stated that these dimensions must be considered holistically. Their views aligned with WSCC family engagement-related components. Parents recommended that schools employ a variety of strategies to engage families. Findings from this paper have implications for engaging families in school health policy and program development as well as implementation, particularly those in lower income, urban communities that have faced a history of structural inequities. Highlights: Chicago Public Schools parents in in this sample see child health as a shared responsibility between families and schools. Consistent with the long-standing evidence documenting historic disinvestment on the West Side of Chicago, participating parents identify significant structural barriers and inequities, such as racism, community violence, and a lack of community resources in their neighborhoods, and believe schools can do more to address them. Parents recommend schools take a variety of strategies to engage families and recommend more leadership opportunities for parents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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10. Qualitative risk assessment of legacy wells based on publicly available data for class VI well permit applications—Illinois basin case study.
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Arbad, Nachiket, Watson, Marshall, Heinze, Lloyd, and Emadi, Hossein
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CARBON sequestration ,RISK assessment ,GAS wells ,OIL wells ,CARBON dioxide - Abstract
• Step-by-step procedure to develop the tabulation and map component of UIC class VI permit. • Qualitative risk assessment methodology for all types of wells within AoR penetrating the confining zones. • Highlights the need for crossflow modelling of CO 2 leakage through improperly plugged wells. • Generalized categorization of legacy wells based on geologic penetrations and protections. Carbon Capture & Storage (CCS) refers to capturing the anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO 2) at a source followed by injecting and storing it safely in the subsurface. The success of the CCS projects therefore heavily relies on how efficiently the confining zones (containment seals) prevent migration of the CO 2 to the surface and/or to the underground sources of drinking water (USDW) through leakage pathways. CCS projects requires drilling of Underground Injection Control (UIC) Class VI wells for permanent storage of CO 2 in subsurface. Detailed information of all the wells within the Area of Review (AoR) is needed to develop the map and tabulation components of the Class VI well permit application. This paper discusses the generic process that can be used by permit applicants to develop the dataset necessary for preparing the map and tabulation components of the Class VI permit application and perform qualitative risk assessment of all the wells within the AoR. This methodology directs the corrective action plans as well as monitoring plans to some extent. Results of the application of the newly developed methodology for wells in Illinois basin is discussed in detail. This methodology can be applied to all wells including orphaned wells, abandoned wells, active oil and gas wells, stratigraphic wells, disposal wells, etc. This methodology generalized categorization of legacy wells that will help in easier comparison of different CCS projects across the globe. The qualitative risk assessment methodology discussed in this paper is a good starting point for developing crossflow modeling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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11. Exploring the nexus of food citizenship and local food consumption in America's rural-urban blend: Insights from Will County (Illinois).
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Ben-Othmen, Marie Asma and Kavouras, Jerry H.
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FOOD preferences ,LOCAL foods ,FOOD consumption ,CITIZENS ,WELL-being ,OLDER men - Abstract
This paper uses Will County in Illinois as a case study to examine the relationship between food citizenship and local food consumption in what we term to be the rural-urban blend of America. Food citizenship is participating in food-related actions promoting democratic, socially and economically equitable, and environmentally sustainable food systems. On the other hand, local food consumption is choosing and preferring to buy and eat local food over other conventional forms of food. The study used data analysis from a survey of 342 residents in Will County, Illinois, to test a conceptual model that considers various socio-psychological traits that food citizens might have, which could explain their preferences for local food, including local patriotism, perceived similarity with local farmers, social concern for the community's well-being, and environmental concerns. The findings reveal the intertwined nature of local patriotism and place identity, shedding light on their direct influence on food citizens' preferences. The perceived similarity with farmers and active engagement with local food producers deepen food citizens' understanding and connection, ultimately influencing their preferences for locally sourced food. The study also highlights the distinct roles of men and women in local food preferences, with local patriotism being more significant for men aged 40 and above. Finally, the results underscore the Midwest's unique socio-political landscape and the complex interplay of factors shaping local food preferences within rural-urban blends like Will County. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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12. Shared Book Reading Experiences for Young Children Who Use Augmentative and Alternative Communication Systems.
- Author
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Wence, Braelyn, Lorio, Ciera, and Yacucci, Amy
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READING ,FACILITATED communication ,PARENT-child relationships ,PARENTING ,PARENT attitudes ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,BOOKS ,FAMILY attitudes ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL coding ,VOCABULARY ,DATA analysis software ,VIDEO recording ,CHILD behavior - Abstract
Purpose: Shared book reading (SBR) is an evidence-based literacy activity that promotes the development of oral language and emergent literacy skills in young children; however, literature regarding best practices for parents of children with developmental disabilities under the age of 5 years, specifically those with complex communication needs, is severely limited. In this descriptive study, we aimed to better understand how families of toddlers/preschoolers incorporated augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) into SBR interactions. Method: Videos of SBR interactions were collected across five families with children between 35 and 48 months of age who used AAC systems. Three families had previous training in AAC use during SBR; two families did not have previous training and reportedly did not use their child's AAC system during typical SBR interactions at home. Thus, SBR without AAC was considered "typical" for these two families, and behaviors were compared across two conditions: SBR without AAC and SBR with AAC. Each video was coded for a variety of parent and child behaviors, including asking questions, repetitions, modeling/ commenting, expanding/extending, defining vocabulary, affirmations, initiations, and responses. The communication modality used was coded for each behavior. Results: Analysis of the video coding revealed that parents used a variety of strategies and that children relied on multimodal means of communication during SBR. For the two families who had videos collected across two conditions, namely, SBR without AAC and SBR with AAC, family AAC use increased the overall duration of SBR activities. For all families, the frequency of parent SBR strategy use increased the SBR duration. Conclusions: This study adds to the limited research on SBR practices with toddlers/preschoolers who use AAC. Directions for future research and the implications of the study are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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13. A Pathway to Positive Youth Development: Unpacking the Asian American Youth Paradox and Cultural Orientations among Filipino American and Korean American Youth.
- Author
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Choi, Yoonsun, Park, Michael, and Yasui, Miwa
- Subjects
ADOLESCENT development ,COMMUNICATIVE competence ,POISSON distribution ,LANGUAGE & languages ,KOREAN Americans ,RESEARCH funding ,GROUP identity ,HEALTH attitudes ,CULTURE ,PARENT-child relationships ,MULTIPLE regression analysis ,LOGISTIC regression analysis ,CONFLICT (Psychology) ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,BEHAVIOR disorders in children ,ATTITUDE (Psychology) ,SURVEYS ,ACADEMIC achievement ,STATISTICS ,SOCIAL skills ,DATA analysis software ,FILIPINO Americans ,REGRESSION analysis ,SOCIAL classes - Abstract
This study used longitudinal survey data of Filipino American and Korean American youth in the Chicago Metropolitan area (N = 786, M
AGE = 15.00, SD = 1.91 at Wave 1 in 2014) to examine whether and how a set of organized predictors (i.e., universal predictors of youth outcomes and cultural orientations) independently and collectively explains internalizing and externalizing problems and academic performance. The results were that universal predictors such as youth antisocial beliefs, peer antisocial behaviors, and the quality of parent–child relations, were extensively predictive of youth outcomes in the expected directions. The magnitudes of universal predictors were largely unchanged when bilinear and multidimensional cultural orientation variables were accounted for together. The magnitudes of cultural orientation variables were slightly attenuated in full models but showed independent associations with youth outcomes. Specifically, English and heritage language proficiencies were protective of externalizing and internalizing problems. Behavioral practices in respective cultures increased youth problems. In addition, ethnic identity, although beneficial to mental health, can increase externalizing problems. The findings of this study provide insights into understanding the mixed outcomes among Asian Americans and important empirical evidence that can inform intervention programs to prevent youth problems, ultimately toward a pathway to positive youth development among Asian American youth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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14. A qualitative comparison of parents' experiences of early childhood expulsion following a legislative ban.
- Author
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Zinsser, Katherine M., Coba-Rodriguez, Sarai, and Lowe-Fotos, Allison
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PARENTS ,CHILD care workers ,FAMILIES - Abstract
Over the past decade, numerous reports have indicated pervasively high rates of early childhood expulsion nationwide. In response, state and federal policymakers have enacted various measures to ban or reduce reliance on such exclusionary discipline. Prior evaluations of the implementation of one such legislative ban on expulsion enacted in Illinois in 2018 showed partial reductions but relied only on program administrator-reported data. Parents (N = 16) of children (43.75% children of color) expelled from Illinois early childhood programs before and in the years since the 2018 legislative ban were interviewed about their experiences. Parents in both groups reported similar incidents regarding how and why children are excluded, how programs communicated with parents about children's behavioral concerns, and how programs assisted (or did not) with accessing resources and supports that may enable a child to be retained. Findings indicate that expulsions continue to happen despite the ban and families' experiences were essentially unchanged and negative. Findings hold implications for the implementation of similar policy efforts across the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Within‐field soil moisture variability and time‐invariant spatial structures of agricultural fields in the US Midwest.
- Author
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Yang, Yi, Peng, Bin, Guan, Kaiyu, Pan, Ming, Franz, Trenton. E., Cosh, Michael H., and Bernacchi, Carl J.
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SOIL moisture ,SOIL moisture measurement ,OPTICAL remote sensing ,AGRICULTURE ,PLANT-water relationships - Abstract
Understanding soil moisture variability and estimating high‐resolution soil moisture at subfield to field scales is critical for agricultural research and applications. However, systematic investigation of subfield scale soil moisture variability over cropland is still lacking from both measurement and satellite remote sensing. In this study, we aim to investigate (1) the characteristics of within‐field soil moisture distribution over typical cropland in the US Midwest and (2) the capabilities of satellite remote sensing in capturing the spatiotemporal variabilities of soil moisture at subfield scale. Specifically, we conducted soil moisture field experiments in three typical commercial agricultural fields (∼85 acres per field) in central Illinois, representing typical commercial farmlands in the US Midwest, and compared the soil moisture measurements with satellite remote sensing data from optical and active microwave sensors. In each field, dense soil moisture samples (spaced at 50–60 m) were obtained for two dry down events in May and July 2021, and multiple long‐term soil moisture stations were installed. We found prominent time‐invariant spatial structures of soil moisture at within‐field scales both during the dry down period and over longer time scales, and the stability is minimally affected by plant water use during the growing season. Comparing the field campaign measurements with satellite remote sensing data, we found that surface reflectance of shortwave infrared bands, such as SWIR1 (1610 nm) from Sentinel‐2, can capture relative surface soil moisture patterns at within‐field scales, but their relationships with soil moisture are field specific. These findings and the improved understanding of within‐field soil moisture dynamics could potentially help future research on high‐resolution soil moisture estimation with multi‐source remote sensing data. Core Ideas: High‐density soil moisture sampling was conducted in agricultural fields.Time‐invariant spatial structures of within‐field soil moisture were evaluated.Strong but field‐specific relationships between soil moisture and optical remote sensing were found.A pathway for remote sensing based high‐resolution soil moisture estimation was proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Competency Based Education Pilot in Illinois: Preliminary Findings.
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Blankenberger, Bob, Kerr, Rob, and Dooley, Ty
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OUTCOME-based education ,HIGH school graduation rates ,AFRICAN American students ,HIGH school seniors ,STUDENT engagement ,GRADUATION rate - Abstract
In this study we employed regression analysis and between-group matched pair design to analyze whether participation in a competency-based education pilot was associated with improved high school completion and postsecondary entry. Data were obtained for high schools participating in a CBE pilot program in Illinois. Results of the matched pair design showed that CBE participation was significantly associated with higher rates of high school graduation for seniors across all groups with differences significant overall (97.2% for CBE vs. 93.1% for non-CBE), for White students (97.2% vs. 92.7%), and for students eligible for Free and Reduced Lunch (96.3% vs. 90.3%). Graduation rate for seniors was also higher for African American students and for Hispanic-Latinx students, but the differences were not statistically significant. In the matched pair design, CBE participation was not significantly associated with entry into college within 12 months of high school. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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17. Leveraging Key Informant Interviews to Inform Intervention Development: The Greater Lawndale Healthy Work Project.
- Author
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Grant, Alexis K, Felner, Jennifer K, Castañeda, Yvette, Pratap, Preethi, and Hebert-Beirne, Jeni
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COMMUNITY health services ,HEALTH services accessibility ,QUALITATIVE research ,AFRICAN Americans ,SOCIAL determinants of health ,RESEARCH funding ,INTERVIEWING ,CONTENT analysis ,HISPANIC Americans ,BEHAVIOR ,THEMATIC analysis ,RESEARCH methodology ,ACTION research ,INTERPERSONAL relations ,HEALTH promotion ,NEEDS assessment ,INDUSTRIAL hygiene ,INDUSTRIAL safety ,VIDEO recording - Abstract
Background: The Greater Lawndale Healthy Work project is a sequential mixed methods community based participatory research project that examines work as a structural determinant of health and builds community capacity for healthy work in a predominantly Black and Latinx community in Chicago known as Greater Lawndale (GL). Objectives: We interviewed community leaders in GL as key informants to understand the barriers to healthy work and inform intervention development. Methods: We conducted a directed content analysis of transcripts from 20 key informants and coded the social ecology and type of intervention. Results: Every key informant mentioned at least one asset in GL, showing an opportunity to employ a capacity-oriented approach to intervention development. Key informants suggested a variety of interventions to address precarious work across levels of the social ecology, with individual and community level interventions being the most salient. Conclusion: Through this approach, we were able to navigate tensions and challenges in conducting research for community-wide change. Key informant stakeholder interviews can be leveraged to meaningfully inform intervention development and support the development of multi-level, sustainable, and culturally acceptable interventions that advance health equity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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18. Hassles and Environmental Health Screenings: Evidence from Lead Tests in Illinois.
- Author
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Gazze, Ludovica
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ENVIRONMENTAL health ,BIRTH certificates ,LEAD poisoning ,EXTERNALITIES ,HOUSEHOLDS - Abstract
I study the determinants of childhood lead screening using all Illinois birth records (2001–2014) matched to lead testing records and geocoded housing age data. Housing age measures lead risk, as older houses disproportionally have lead paint. Changes in geographic access to providers provide variation in nonmonetary costs of testing. Higher costs reduce screening among low- and high-risk households alike. Thus, self-selection based on screening costs does not appear to improve targeting, even though high-risk households are willing to pay $31–419 more than low-risk households for screening. Screening incentives would be cost-effective for reasonable values of lead poisoning externalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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19. Application of Machine Learning Models for Improving Discharge Prediction in Ungauged Watershed: A Case Study in East DuPage, Illinois.
- Author
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Asadollahi, Amin, Magar, Binod Ale, Poudel, Bishal, Sohrabifar, Asyeh, and Kalra, Ajay
- Subjects
WATERSHED management ,ARTIFICIAL neural networks ,STANDARD deviations ,FLOOD forecasting ,WATERSHEDS ,MACHINE learning ,SUPPORT vector machines - Abstract
Accurate flood prediction models and effective flood preparedness rely on thoroughly understanding rainfall–runoff dynamics. Similarly, effective rainfall–runoff models account for multiple interrelated parameters for robust runoff prediction. Process-based physical models offer valuable insights into hydrological processes, but their effectiveness can be hindered by data limitations or difficulties in acquiring specific data. Motivated by the frequent flooding events and limited data availability in the East Branch DuPage watershed, Illinois, this study addresses a critical gap in research by investigating effective discharge prediction methods. In this study, two significant machine learning (ML) models, artificial neural network (ANN) and support vector machine (SVM), were employed for discharge prediction. Historical data spanning from 2006 to 2021 were utilized to assess the performance of the models. Hyperparameter tuning was performed on the models to optimize their performance, and root mean square error (RMSE), Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), percent bias (PBIAS), coefficient of determination (R2), and the normalized root mean squared error (NRMSE) were used as evaluation metrics. Although both machine learning models demonstrated strong performance, the analysis revealed that the ANN model emerged as the more reliable option for predicting discharge in the watershed. Crucially, the ANN model surpassed the SVM model's performance, achieving superior accuracy in predicting peak discharge events within the study area. Our findings have the potential to assist decision-makers and communities in implementing more dependable flood mitigation strategies, particularly in regions where hydrology data are limited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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20. A pilot survey of students' menstrual attitudes, experiences, and needs on an urban university campus.
- Author
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Suleman, Abigail, Krishna, Shruthi, Krishnakumar, Divya, Nemoto, Kai, Nguyễn, My Lê Thảo, and Mehta, Supriya D
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CROSS-sectional method ,SANITATION ,HEALTH literacy ,JOB absenteeism ,PILOT projects ,STATISTICAL sampling ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,CHI-squared test ,HYGIENE ,EXPERIENCE ,THEMATIC analysis ,WATER supply ,FEMININE hygiene products ,PAIN ,MENSTRUATION ,PSYCHOLOGY of college students ,STUDENT attitudes ,NEEDS assessment ,WOMEN'S health ,DATA analysis software ,HEALTH promotion ,POVERTY - Abstract
Background: In the United States, many menstruators face barriers to period management, such as period poverty, or the lack of access to relevant knowledge and affordable menstrual products. Our current understanding of the social, emotional, and physical impacts of period poverty on students in post-secondary institutions is largely limited. Objectives: The purpose of this pilot study is to assess period poverty, period-related class disruption, and avoidance of menstrual hygiene management on campus among students and to identify recommendations for action at the University of Illinois Chicago and other urban universities. Design: An online cross-sectional study from February to May 2023. Methods: Enrolled students who were at least 18 years old completed an anonymous, self-administered online survey. Through descriptive statistics and chi-square tests in SAS version 9.4, we analyzed the sociodemographic, academic, and menstrual characteristics of those who had a period in the past 12 months. We also performed a thematic analysis of students' open-ended responses regarding their menstrual experiences on campus. Results: Of our sample (N = 106), 17.1% of students have faced period poverty, 55.8% experienced period-related class disruption, and 47.5% avoided changing their menstrual products on campus. The relationships between the three menstrual experiences were statistically significant. In the open responses, students reported that their personal experiences with menstruation were largely painful and disruptive. We identified the following themes: (1) inadequate water, sanitation, and hygiene facilities; (2) understocked, empty, or non-existent menstrual product dispensers; (3) a desire for additional resources for menstruation; and (4) the unpredictability of menstruation. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that students continue to face obstacles to menstruation management due to inadequate support related to menstrual infrastructure, products, and pain. We outline several recommendations for university/college institutions to prioritize a more inclusive and supportive educational environment for all students. Plain Language Summary: Students' experiences of menstrual periods while on an urban university campus In the United States, many girls, women, and other menstruators encounter challenges while managing their menstrual periods. Such barriers include period poverty, or the inability to afford resources and menstrual products such as tampons or pads. In this study, we explored how period poverty impacts college/university students. We shared an online survey with 106 students who were older than 18 years, had a period in the last 12 months, and attended the University of Illinois Chicago. We asked them about their menstrual, social, and academic experiences. We found that approximately one in six students could not afford menstrual products at some point in their lives, over half missed all or portions of class due to their period, and about one in two students avoided changing their menstrual products on campus. The relationships between these three menstrual experiences were statistically significant. Many students also reported that periods were largely painful, disruptive, and unpredictable and that their campus had few physical resources and more obstacles to managing menstruation. From our findings, we identified several steps that universities and colleges can take to prioritize a more inclusive and supportive educational environment for all students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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21. Multicriteria screening evaluation of geothermal resources on mine lands for direct use heating.
- Author
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Gasperikova, Erika, Ulrich, Craig, Omitaomu, Olufemi A., Dobson, Patrick, and Zhang, Yingqi
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GEOTHERMAL resources ,GREENHOUSE gas mitigation ,LAND resource ,ABANDONED mines ,LAND use ,COAL mining - Abstract
Direct use of geothermal energy is the oldest and most versatile form of utilizing geothermal energy. In the last decade, this utilization has significantly increased, especially with the installation of geothermal (ground-source) heat pumps. Many current and inactive mine land sites across the U.S. could be redeveloped with clean energy technologies such as direct use geothermal, which would revitalize former mining communities, help with reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and accelerate the transition to a clean energy economy. We present a multicriteria screening framework to evaluate various aspects of direct-use geothermal projects on mine lands. The criteria are divided into three categories: (1) technical potential, (2) demand and benefits, and (3) regulatory and permitting. We demonstrate the framework using publicly available data on a national scale (continental U.S.). Then, using an example of abandoned coal mines in Illinois and focusing on resource potential, we illustrate how this evaluation can be applied at the state or more local scales when a region's characteristics drive spatial variability estimates. The strength of this approach is the ability to combine seemingly disparate parameters and inputs from numerous sources. The framework is very flexible—additional criteria can be easily incorporated and weights modified if input data support them. Vice versa, the framework can also help identify additional data needed for evaluating those criteria. The multicriteria screening evaluation methodology provides a framework for identifying potential candidates for detailed site evaluation and characterization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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22. Foot health and physical fitness: investigating the interplay among flat feet, body balance, and performance in junior high school students.
- Author
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Febriyanti, Irma, Setijono, Hari, Wijaya, Fransisca Januarumi Marhaendra, and Aryananda Wijaya Kusuma, I. Dewa Made
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JUNIOR high school students ,FLATFOOT ,PHYSICAL fitness ,EQUILIBRIUM testing ,PHYSICAL mobility - Abstract
Background and Study Aim: Foot health and physical fitness in children are closely interconnected, playing a vital role in ensuring their overall well-being and performance. This study aims to determine the relationship between flat feet, body balance, and physical performance of junior high school students. Material and Methods: A total of 109 junior high school students from five schools in Surabaya, Indonesia, with ages ranging from 12 to 14 years, participated in this research. Data collection was through the wet footprint test, stork standing balance test, Bass test, Y-agility Test, and Illinois Change of Direction Test. The correlation of flat feet with static and dynamic balance and physical performance in the school environment was analyzed using the non-parametric Spearman Rank statistical test. Results: The results showed significant relationships between foot grade and static balance, dynamic balance, agility, and change of direction. These relationships were indicated by correlation coefficients that showed statistical significance at p < 0.05. Additionally, static and dynamic balance exhibited a negative correlation, while agility and change of direction showed a positive correlation. This suggests that higher foot grades corresponded to longer durations in static and dynamic balance tests and shorter completion times in agility and change of direction tasks. Conclusions: The findings of this study highlight the importance of investigating the relationship between flat feet, body balance, and physical performance among junior high school students. Understanding these correlations is crucial for optimizing the overall well-being and performance of adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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23. Spatial and temporal clustering of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in Illinois household cats, 2021–2023.
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Chen, Chi, Martins, Mathias, Nooruzzaman, Mohammed, Yettapu, Dipankar, Diel, Diego G., Reinhart, Jennifer M., Urbasic, Ashlee, Robinson, Hannah, Varga, Csaba, and Fang, Ying
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SUBURBS ,SCAN statistic ,CATS ,CITIES & towns ,IMMUNOGLOBULINS ,SEROPREVALENCE - Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the seroprevalence and spatial and temporal clustering of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in household cats within 63 counties in Illinois from October 2021 to May 2023. The analysis followed a stepwise approach. First, in a choropleth point map, we illustrated the distribution of county-level seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Next, spatial interpolation was used to predict the seroprevalence in counties without recorded data. Global and local clustering methods were used to identify the extent of clustering and the counties with high or low seroprevalence, respectively. Next, temporal, spatial, and space-time scan statistic was used to identify periods and counties with higher-than-expected seroprevalence. In the last step, to identify more distinct areas in counties with high seroprevalence, city-level analysis was conducted to identify temporal and space-time clusters. Among 1,715 samples tested by serological assays, 244 samples (14%) tested positive. Young cats had higher seropositivity than older cats, and the third quarter of the year had the highest odds of seropositivity. Three county-level space-time clusters with higher-than-expected seroprevalence were identified in the northeastern, central-east, and southwest regions of Illinois, occurring between June and October 2022. In the city-level analysis, 2 space-time clusters were identified in Chicago's downtown and the southwestern suburbs of Chicago between June and September 2022. Our results suggest that the high density of humans and cats in large cities such as Chicago, might play a role in the transmission and clustering of SARS-CoV-2. Our study provides an in-depth analysis of SARS-CoV-2 epidemiology in Illinois household cats, which will aid in COVID-19 control and prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. State legislation and policies to improve perinatal mental health: a policy review and analysis of the state of Illinois.
- Author
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Tabb, Karen M., Wan-Jung Hsieh, Ramirez, Xavier R., and Kopels, Sandra
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MENTAL health policy ,MENTAL illness ,MENTAL health laws ,POLICY analysis ,CONSCIOUSNESS raising ,POSTPARTUM depression - Abstract
Introduction: Maternal mental health problems, such as perinatal depression, are a major public health issue. In the U.S., several states have policies related to mental health during pregnancy and postpartum. The extent of these laws at the state level needs to be further explored and described. Methods: We systematically searched the Illinois General Assembly to determine all existing legislation on the topic of perinatal mental health. Results: This search uncovered two major Acts that 1) require universal perinatal depression screening and 2) raise awareness of the symptoms and treatment options related to maternal mental health. We also discovered provisions in the law that allow for untreated or undiagnosed postpartum depression or psychosis to be considered as a mitigating factor for women who commit forcible felonies. Discussion: Through legislation, states can lead change at the systems-level to improve perinatal mental health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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- View/download PDF
25. Assessing the Effects of Place-Based Policy on Spatial Inequality and the Distribution of Household Income: Evidence from Tax Increment Financing.
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Kim, Geon
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TAX increment financing ,INCOME distribution ,REAL income - Abstract
This research examines the effects of tax increment financing (TIF) on spatial inequality from 1990 to 2014 in Cook County, Illinois. The author explores the effects of TIF on real income and income distribution and examines whether the effects lead to a reduction in spatial inequality. To address the question of spatial inequality, dependent variables are constructed that assess the probability of TIF increasing upward mobility on the real income ladder and catching up with other areas. The results show beneficial distributional effects, but the effects are much attenuated when examining changes in the probability of moving up in the rankings, indicating that the effects of TIF are limited in reducing spatial inequality in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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26. REFORMING ILLINOIS PATERNITY/MATERNITY/PARENTAGE ACKNOWLEDGMENT LAWS.
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Parness, Jeffrey A.
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PARENT-child legal relationship ,PATERNITY ,CHILD support ,BIRTHFATHERS ,RESCISSION (Law) ,SURROGATE motherhood ,HUMAN reproductive technology - Abstract
In the 1990s, due to a surge in nonmarital births and the related increase in child support assistance, Congress passed laws making federal aid to states contingent on accessible and standardized paternity establishment processes. This led to in-hospital voluntary paternity acknowledgments (VAPs), which made establishing paternity for child support easier. Federal funding required strict VAP processes, including a sixty-day rescission period and limited grounds for post-rescission challenges. Voluntary parentage acknowledgments have since expanded to include non-genetic parents, like spouses and intended parents through assisted reproduction. Illinois' Parentage Act of 2015 regulates these acknowledgments. However, the Illinois Appellate Court case, Illinois Department of Healthcare and Family Services ex rel. Hull v. Robinson, revealed complexities with VAPs, particularly when a non-genetic father signed an Iowa VAP, leading to a child support reimbursement challenge from the actual genetic father in Illinois. This Article critiques Illinois laws on voluntary paternity acknowledgments, proposing critical reforms. It starts with the Robinson case, exploring both explicit and implicit VAP issues. It then delves into Illinois' broader parentage acknowledgment framework, considering acknowledgments for children born from consensual sex and from nonsurrogacy and surrogacy assisted reproduction. The Article extends its analysis to the 2000 and 2017 Uniform Parentage Acts (UPAs) and other states' laws, providing a context for Illinois lawmakers. The Article posits reforms of Illinois laws on both paternity and maternity acknowledgments (i.e., those with relevant genetic ties) and on other parentage acknowledgments (i.e., those with no genetic ties), though recognizing a need for differentiating between the two types of acknowledgments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
27. Health sciences faculty publication patterns and related information-seeking behavior.
- Author
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De Groote, Sandy and Scoulas, Jung Mi
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SERIAL publications ,PHARMACOLOGY ,MEDICAL education ,LABOR productivity ,BIBLIOGRAPHIC databases ,ACADEMIC libraries ,RETROSPECTIVE studies ,INFORMATION resources ,SURVEYS ,COLLEGE teacher attitudes ,DENTISTRY ,DATA analysis software ,MEDICINE ,PUBLIC health ,INFORMATION-seeking behavior - Abstract
Objectives: This study aims to explore how health science faculty publication patterns at a large public research university have changed over time and examine how productivity relates to their information-seeking behavior and perception of the academic library. Methods: Two datasets were utilized: one consisted of publication records of health sciences faculty spanning a 15-year period, while the other was from a faculty survey exploring faculty's perception of and satisfaction with library resources and services related to their research. Results: Health sciences faculty publication patterns have changed over time, characterized by greater productivity, collaboration, and use of literature in their publications. Faculty's literature use correlates with productivity, as evidenced by both datasets. The survey revealed that faculty with more publications tend to rely more on online journals and Interlibrary Loan (ILL). Similarly, the publication data indicated that less productive faculty tended to use fewer references in their publications. Discussion: The publication data and survey results offer valuable insights into the health sciences faculty's informationseeking behavior and productivity. Online access to information has been effective in facilitating use of information, as indicated by the greater incorporation of references in publications. Conclusion: The study highlights the changing publication patterns and productivity of health sciences faculty, as well as the role academic libraries play in supporting their research and publishing activities. Although multiple variables influence faculty access to and use of information, faculty attitudes towards the library and use of the library are related to faculty research and productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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28. Navigating Telehealth Challenges: Rural Perspectives on Technology Access and Trust.
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Nikolic-Khatatbeh, Jelena, Crowe, Jessica, and Ruopu Li
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TELEMEDICINE ,HEALTH care industry ,MEDICAL personnel ,INTERNET access ,SPRING - Abstract
Copyright of Journal of Rural & Community Development is the property of Brandon University, Rural Development Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2024
29. Evaluation of an Integrated Fluency and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Intervention for Adolescents and Adults Who Stutter.
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Hart, Alice K., Breen, Lauren J., Hennessey, Neville W., and Beilby, Janet M.
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STATISTICAL models ,SELF-evaluation ,SELF-efficacy ,DATA analysis ,EVALUATION of human services programs ,CLINICAL trials ,PILOT projects ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,STUTTERING ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,PRE-tests & post-tests ,LONGITUDINAL method ,METROPOLITAN areas ,RESEARCH ,STATISTICS ,ACCEPTANCE & commitment therapy ,DATA analysis software ,INTEGRATED health care delivery ,PSYCHOSOCIAL functioning ,COGNITIVE flexibility ,ADOLESCENCE ,ADULTS ,MIDDLE age - Abstract
Purpose: Developmental stuttering is a complex and multifaceted neurodevelopmental disorder that may cause pervasive negative consequences for adults who stutter (AWS). Historically, intervention for AWS has primarily addressed speech fluency, with less focus on the covert psychosocial aspects of the disorder. The purpose of this article is to report on a feasibility trial evaluating a novel integrated intervention that combines traditional stuttering management techniques with Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) for AWS. Method: Twenty-nine AWS participated in the feasibility trial. All participants successfully completed a combined fluency and ACT intervention, titled the fluency and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Stuttering (fACTS) Program. As this was a feasibility study, no control group was included. Intervention was administered by two certified practicing speech-language pathologists, over eight 60- to 90-min sessions. Results: Generalized linear mixed modeling was used to determine change from pre- to post-intervention and follow-up. Significant pre- and post-intervention improvements in self-efficacy, psychosocial functioning, and psychological flexibility were observed, along with significant reductions in observable stuttering behaviors (i.e., stuttered speech frequency). Intervention gains for all variables of interest were maintained 3 and 6 months post-intervention. Conclusions: The fACTS Program was created to be a holistic and flexible intervention to promote self-efficacy beliefs and address stuttering-related psychosocial impacts and speech fluency goals of AWS. Preliminary results indicated positive improvement in all psychosocial outcomes (i.e., self-efficacy, psychosocial impact, and psychological flexibility) and observable speech fluency following completion of the program. Future clinical trials of the fACTS Program with an included control group will further investigate the mechanisms of change for the positive effects observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Illinois Safety Responsibility Law.
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LEGAL liability ,SAFETY regulations ,SUSPENSION of driver's license - Abstract
The document titled "Illinois Safety Responsibility Law" is an amendment to the Illinois Safety Responsibility Law, which is implemented and authorized by the Illinois Safety and Family Financial Responsibility Law. The amendment includes changes to definitions, clarifications, and small word changes for better flow and ease of reading. The purpose of the amendment is to authorize the Secretary of State to extend filing deadlines and suspend certain requirements during a proclaimed disaster. The full text of the amendment can be obtained from the Secretary of State's office. This document outlines the regulations and requirements for future proof of financial responsibility for motor vehicle owners in Illinois. It defines various terms related to insurance and liability, and specifies the procedures for filing a certificate of insurance with the Department of Driver Services. It also explains the options for providing additional proof of financial responsibility, such as bonds, real estate bonds, stocks, or cash. The document emphasizes the importance of submitting accurate and timely proof, and outlines the consequences for failure to comply with the requirements. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
31. Illinois Physical Therapy Act.
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PHYSICAL therapy ,PHYSICAL therapy assistants ,PHYSICAL therapy services ,UNITED States armed forces - Abstract
The "Illinois Physical Therapy Act" is an amendment that corrects an error in the previous version of the Act regarding continuing education credits for physical therapists and physical therapist assistants. The amendment adjusts the rules to allow physical therapists to earn up to 10 hours of continuing education for clinical instruction, while physical therapist assistants can earn up to 5 hours. The document provides a comprehensive outline of the requirements for continuing education credits, approved activities, and the responsibilities of CE sponsors. It also includes information on obtaining waivers for CE requirements. The full text of the amendment is available for public inspection. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
32. Rules of Governmental Agencies.
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ADMINISTRATIVE law ,GOVERNMENT publications - Abstract
The given document is the Illinois Register, which is the official state document for publishing public notice of rulemaking activity initiated by state governmental agencies. It contains proposed and adopted rules, amendments, and repeals of existing rules by various departments and agencies. The document also provides information on the publication schedule for the Illinois Register in 2024. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
33. River Control Points for Algal Productivity Revealed by Transport Analysis.
- Author
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Schmadel, Noah M., Harvey, Judson W., Choi, Jay, Stackpoole, Sarah M., Graham, Jennifer L., and Murphy, Jennifer C.
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BIOCHEMICAL oxygen demand ,ALGAL toxins ,ALGAL blooms ,WATER supply ,TOXIC algae ,NET losses - Abstract
Measurement of planktonic chlorophyll‐a—a proxy for algal biomass—in rivers may represent local production or algae transported from upstream, confounding understanding of algal bloom development in flowing waters. We modeled 3 years of chlorophyll‐a transport through a 394‐km portion of the Illinois River and found that although algal biomass is longitudinally widespread, most net production occurs at river control points in the upper reaches (up to 3.7 Mg chlorophyll‐a y−1 km−1). Up to 69% of the algal biomass in the upper river was a result of within‐reach production, with the remainder recruited from headwaters and tributaries. High chlorophyll‐a measured farther downstream was largely because of transport from source‐area control points, with substantial net losses of algal biomass occurring in the lower river. Modeling the often‐overlooked river transport component is necessary to characterize where, when, and why planktonic algae grow and predict how far and fast they move downstream. Plain Language Summary: Planktonic algae in rivers may accumulate during periods of high productivity stimulated by favorable light, temperature, nutrient, and flow conditions, which can disrupt ecological processes and affect human uses including recreation and drinking water supply. Planktonic algae observed in rivers may occur because of local growth or transport from upstream source areas. Therefore, considering both local and upstream conditions may improve early warnings of potentially harmful blooms. Along a 394‐km stretch of the Illinois River, we found that most of the algae grew in the upper reaches and was then transported to downstream reaches, contributing to potential downstream harms such as excessive turbidity, organic carbon, biological oxygen demand, and algal toxins. We demonstrate how the often‐overlooked river transport component can be quantified to better identify where, when, and why algae grow in river networks. Key Points: Planktonic algal biomass is pervasive in the Illinois River, yet production is favored at certain locations and timesMost planktonic algal biomass was produced in upper‐reach control points that supplied downstream areasTransport analysis using local and upstream data improves understanding of river algal blooms [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Police Use of Discretion in Encounters with People with Opioid Use Disorder: a Study of Illinois Police Officers.
- Author
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del Pozo, Brandon, Reichert, Jessica, Martins, Kaitlin, and Taylor, Bruce
- Subjects
OPIOID abuse ,POLICE ,DISCRETION ,REGRESSION analysis ,LAW enforcement ,POLICE-community relations ,POLICE attitudes - Abstract
Police frequently encounter people with opioid use disorder (OUD), having a profound effect on their risk environment and health outcomes. Officers retain significant discretionary authority in their response to these encounters. To explore the factors that underlie these decisions, we surveyed a sample of Illinois police officers. We administered an online survey to Illinois police departments using a random sampling strategy, stratified by agency size and the rurality of their service areas. Our final sample was 248 police officers from 27 departments. We surveyed officers' beliefs about (1) influences and control over their decision making; (2) the approval of other actors in making referrals to treatment for addiction, and (3) the potential impacts of medication-assisted treatment (MAT). We analyzed the survey data using descriptive statistics and regression analyses. Most officers were highly influenced by the expectations of their supervisors when responding to subjects who appeared to have an OUD, and about half would take direction from addiction treatment providers. Police in urban departments perceived greater support for MAT and were more likely to believe MAT could reduce the need for future arrests. Our findings suggest ways police officers can be influenced to make discretionary decisions that improve the health outcomes of their encounters with people with OUD: (1) Supervisors should serve as champions to promote referrals to treatment for substance use disorders; (2) collaboration between law enforcement and community addiction treatment providers should be strengthened, and (3) MAT should be supported and expanded in rural areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. A systematic literature review of the various effects, impacts, and management options regarding silver and bighead carp in the Great Lakes region.
- Author
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Ibarra, Jeanette G., Nelson, Eric J., Romy, Sarah E., and Lash, Chloe L.
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BIGHEAD carp ,SILVER carp ,NATIVE species ,LAKES ,CARP ,INTRODUCED species - Abstract
Invasive species decimate entire ecosystems, outcompeting native organisms for resources. Four introduced carp species have been identified as invasive in the Great Lakes region with bighead and silver carp displaying the greatest potential for invasion of the Great Lakes. Currently, these two species have self-sustaining populations in the Mississippi River, and the edges of their ranges are near Lake Michigan and Lake Erie. Here we address the prolific spreading ability of carps, the potential impacts of a carp invasion in the Great Lakes and the effects they might have in the larger Great Lakes region. Through a systematic literature review, we found: 1) carp population locations present in the region and how these populations have shifted over time; 2) how carp management options in Illinois waterways have evolved over time; and 3) invasive carp have a large economic impact on the local Great Lakes region. Invasive carp populations continue to increase and negatively impact aquatic ecosystems. Various management methods, such as eDNA, acoustic deterrence, and others, have been effective in invasive carp management and show promise in preventing expansion. However, if not effectively managed, the economic impact of invasive carp will be substantial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. BRIEF OF CONSTITUTIONAL LAW SCHOLARS AS AMICI CURIAE IN VIRGINIA V. FERRIERO.
- Author
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MACKINNON, CATHARINE A. and SULLIVAN, KATHLEEN M.
- Subjects
EQUAL rights amendments - Abstract
The article discusses a court case in which the states of Nevada, Illinois and Virginia appealed to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit regarding the failure of the Archivist to certify and publish the Equal Rights Amendment as the 28th Amendment even after the deadlines for the amending requirement expired. It explores the dismissal of the case by the U.S. District Court, and issues concerning Article V's amendment procedures raised by this case.
- Published
- 2024
37. Biomass Yield Potential, Feedstock Quality, and Nutrient Removal of Perennial Buffer Strips under Continuous Zero Fertilizer Application.
- Author
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Lin, Cheng-Hsien, Zumpf, Colleen, Jang, Chunhwa, Voigt, Thomas, Tian, Guanglong, Oladeji, Olawale, Cox, Albert, Mehzabin, Rehnuma, and Lee, Do Kyoung
- Subjects
FERTILIZER application ,NUTRITIVE value of feeds ,BIOMASS ,RIPARIAN areas ,BIOMASS production ,ANIMAL feeds - Abstract
Perennial-based buffer strips have been promoted with the potential to improve ecosystem services from riparian areas while producing biomass as livestock feed or as a bioenergy feedstock. Both biomass production and nutrient removal of buffer strips are substantially influenced by the vegetation types for the multipurpose perennial buffers. In this 2016–2019 study in Western Illinois, two perennial cropping systems, including forage crops composed of cool-season grass mixtures (forage system) and bioenergy crops made up of warm-season grass mixtures (bioenergy system), were used to establish buffer strips for assessing biomass production, feedstock quality, nutrient removals, and buffer longevity. Treatments for this study reflecting agronomic practices included 1) two harvests occurring in summer (at anthesis) and fall (after complete senescence) and 2) one harvest in fall for forage system (2- vs. 1-cut forage), and 3) one fall harvest for bioenergy system (1-cut bioenergy). Successively harvesting without any fertilizer input resulted in a yield decline in forage biomass over three years by approximately 30 % (6.3 to 4.4 DM Mg ha
-1 with the rate of 1.0 Mg ha-1 yr-1 ) in the 2-cut forage and by 35 % (4.9 to 3.2 DM Mg ha-1 with the rate of 0.9 Mg ha-1 yr-1 ) in the 1-cut forage systems. The feed quality also decreased over the years by showing declined rates of 12.9 (crucial protein), 0.9 (calcium), 0.7 (copper), and 1.3 (zinc) g kg-1 DM yr-1 . Empirical models predicted enteric CH4 emissions from cattle ranged from 225.7 to 242.6 g cow-1 d-1 based on the feed nutritive values. In contrast, bioenergy biomass yield increased by 27 % from 4.9 to 6.7 DM Mg ha-1 with consistent quality (cellulose ~ 397.9 g kg-1 ; hemicellulose ~ 299.4 g kg-1 ), corresponding to the increased total theoretical ethanol yield from 1.8×103 to 2.4×103 L ha-1 (~33 % increase). Annual nutrient removals of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg were significantly higher in the forage systems (e.g., 2-cut: 52.6~106.9 kg-N ha-1 ; 1-cut: 44.5~84.1 kg-N ha-1 ) than those in the bioenergy system (e.g., 25.9~34.4 kg-N ha-1 ); however, the removal rate declined rapidly over three years (e.g., ~49 % reduction) as the annual biomass yield declined in the forage systems. This on-farm field study demonstrated the potential of the perennial crop used as buffer strip options for biomass production and buffer sustainability at the edge of the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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38. Adult Children of the Prison Boom: Family Troubles and the Intergenerational Transmission of Criminal Justice Contact.
- Author
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Wildeman, Christopher, Sampson, Robert J., and Baker, Garrett
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FAMILIES & psychology ,HISTORY of crime ,CRIME prevention ,SUBSTANCE abuse ,SURVIVAL ,POISSON distribution ,IMPRISONMENT ,RESEARCH funding ,AFRICAN Americans ,MENTAL health ,HISPANIC Americans ,STATISTICAL sampling ,HOSPITAL care ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors ,PROBABILITY theory ,CONFLICT (Psychology) ,DECISION making ,WHITE people ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,RACE ,SURVEYS ,CRIME victims ,KAPLAN-Meier estimator ,ADULT children ,FAMILY structure ,CRIMINAL justice system ,PSYCHOLOGY of parents ,DATA analysis software ,INTERGENERATIONAL relations ,NEIGHBORHOOD characteristics ,SOCIAL classes ,PROPORTIONAL hazards models ,REGRESSION analysis - Abstract
Intergenerational transmission processes have long been of interest to demographers, but prior research on the intergenerational transmission of criminal justice contact is relatively sparse and limited by its lack of attention to the correlated "family troubles" and familial incarceration that predate criminal justice contact. In this article, we provide a test of the intergenerational transmission of criminal justice contact after adjusting extensively for these factors that predate such contact by linking longitudinal data from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods with official arrest histories from 1995 to 2020. The results provide support for three conclusions. First, parental criminal justice contact is associated with a shorter time to first arrest and a larger number of arrests even after rigorously accounting for selection. Second, robustness checks demonstrate that neither the magnitude nor the significance of the findings is sensitive to model choices. Third, associations are strongest among White individuals and inconsistently significant for African American and Hispanic individuals. Despite large recent crime declines, the results indicate that parental criminal justice contact elevates the criminal justice contact of the adult children of the prison boom, independent of the often-overlooked troubles that predate criminal justice contact, and that these associations are strongest among the White population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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39. An Aspergillus flavus strain from bee bread of the Western honey bee (Apis mellifera) displays adaptations to distinctive features of the hive environment.
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Bush, Daniel S., Calla, Bernarda, and Berenbaum, May R.
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PROPOLIS ,HONEYBEES ,BEES ,ASPERGILLUS flavus ,BREAD ,OSMOTIC pressure ,BEE products ,BEE colonies - Abstract
Aspergillus fungi are ubiquitous inhabitants of colonies of the western honey bee (Apis mellifera), where they interact with bees in associations ranging from parasitism to possible mutualism. Aspergillus Flavi fungi are frequently found in bee bread (pollen processed for longterm storage) and are thought to contribute to food preparation, processing, preservation, and digestion. Conditions in the hive are challenging for fungi due, in part, to xeric and acidic properties of bee bread and the omnipresence of propolis, an antimicrobial product manufactured by bees from plant resins. We used quantitative and qualitative assays to determine whether A. flavus isolated from bee bread demonstrates tolerance for hive environmental conditions in terms of temperature, pH, osmotic pressure, and propolis exposure. Comparisons made use of three strains of A. flavus: a fungal biocontrol product not known from beehives (AF36), a strain isolated from bee bread (AFBB) in hives from central Illinois, and a pathogenic strain from a honey bee colony displaying symptoms of stonebrood (AFPA). Strain AFBB displayed higher tolerance of acidic conditions, low matric potential (simulating xeric substrate), and propolis exposure than did other strains. A genomic comparison between this new strain and the reference NRRL‐3357 showed that AFBB, like AF36, might be blocked from carrying out aflatoxin biosynthesis. Sequence comparisons also revealed several missense variants in genes that encode proteins regulating osmotolerance and osmotic pressure in Aspergillus spp., including SakA, SskB, GfdA, and TcsB/Sln1. Collectively, results of our laboratory assays and genetic analyses are consistent with the suggestion that the strain isolated from bee bread is adapted to the bee bread environment and may have persisted due to a coevolutionary relationship between Aspergillus and A. mellifera. This finding bolsters recent concerns about the effects of fungicide use near bee colonies and broadens the ecological importance of highly adaptable fungal strains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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40. A Pilot Efficacy Trial to Educate Muslim Americans about the Islamic Bioethical Perspectives in End-of-Life Healthcare.
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Saunders, Milda, Quinn, Michael, Duivenbode, Rosie, Zasadzinski, Lindsay, and Padela, Aasim I.
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EDUCATION of Muslims ,MUSLIM Americans ,PILOT projects ,ISLAM ,TERMINAL care ,PRE-tests & post-tests ,COMPARATIVE studies ,CHI-squared test ,BIOETHICS ,ADULT education workshops ,EDUCATIONAL outcomes ,RELIGION - Abstract
In the US, end-of-life health care (EOLHC) is often intensive and invasive, and at times may involve care that is inconsistent with patient values. US Muslims may not receive appropriate religious support, experience uncertainty around end-of-life decision-making, and under-utilize palliative and hospice care. As technological advancements and treatment options rise in EOLHC, Muslim American patients and their families need to understand more about the treatment options that are consistent with their beliefs. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of a pilot mosque-based educational workshop focused on increasing Muslim Americans' religious bioethics knowledge about end-of-life healthcare. Intervention sites were four mosques with racially and ethnically diverse members, two in the Chicago metropolitan area and two in the Washington, D.C. area. Eligible participants were self-reported Muslims, aged 18 years or older, who were proficient in English. The intervention included a pre and post-test survey and a workshop focused on the Islamic bioethical perspectives on EOLHC. Knowledge was measured with six true-false questions. Baseline and post-intervention scores were analyzed by McNemar's test and bivariate correlation. Overall, the analysis showed a significant improvement in post-intervention participant knowledge. There was increased knowledge of Islamic bioethical views on the moral status of seeking healthcare, brain death controversies, and religious perspectives on withholding or withdrawing life support near the end of life. Our pilot intervention successfully increased participant knowledge and underscores the need to improve the Muslim community's knowledge about the bioethical dimensions of EOLHC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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41. Statewide Implementation of Universal Third-Trimester Repeat HIV Testing in Illinois.
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Yee, Lynn M., Ayala, Laurie D., Roach, Alexis M., Statton, Anne, Randhawa, Sukhdeep, Garcia, Patricia M., and Miller, Emily S.
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MEDICAL screening -- Law & legislation ,HIV prevention ,STATE governments -- Law & legislation ,MATERNAL health services ,HIV seronegativity ,THIRD trimester of pregnancy ,MEDICAL screening ,RETROSPECTIVE studies ,SEROCONVERSION ,PREGNANT women ,HUMAN services programs ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,CHI-squared test ,POPULATION-based case control - Abstract
Objective This article aims to assess statewide uptake of HIV repeat testing in the first 2 years after the implementation of an amendment to the Illinois Perinatal HIV Prevention Act (IPHPA) mandating universal repeat HIV testing in the third trimester. Study Design This is a retrospective, population-based study of all birthing individuals in Illinois (2018–2019). Data were collected using the state-mandated closed system of perinatal HIV test reporting. We evaluated the incidence of mother–infant pairs with negative early tests and repeat third-trimester tests (RTTTs) performed in adherence with the law, as well as the timing of the performance of the RTTTs (outpatient vs. inpatient). Chi-square tests of trend by quarter were performed to ascertain sustainability. Results Of 138,805 individuals delivered in 2018, 80.6% presented with early test and RTTTs. In 2018, outpatient RTTTs improved from 71.8% (quarter 1) to 85.1% (quarter 4; p < 0.001). In 2018, the proportion of mother–infant dyads who received testing that was adherent to the IPHPA Amendment was 92.1, 95.5, 96.7, and 96.4% in quarters 1 through 4, respectively (p < 0.001). In 2019, outpatient RTTTs performance remained high (87.4%) and stable (p = 0.06). In 2019, 99.9% of mother–infant dyads had testing adherent to the mandate in quarters 1 through 4 (p = 0.39). Of individuals who presented without RTTTs, 93.5% (2018) and 98.8% (2019) underwent inpatient testing before delivery. Conclusion Implementation of RTTTs in Illinois was rapid, successful, and sustained in its first 2 years. Public health methodologies from Illinois may benefit other states implementing RTTT programs. Key Points In 2018, Illinois enacted statewide RTTT for HIV among all parturients. In 2019, over 99% of mother–infant dyads had documentation of both early and repeat HIV testing before hospital discharge. Implementation of repeat third-trimester HIV testing in Illinois was rapid, successful, and sustained in its first 2 years. Public health methodologies from Illinois may benefit other states implementing similar programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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42. Evidence on COVID-19 Mortality and Disparities Using a Novel Measure, COVID excess mortality percentage: Evidence from Indiana, Wisconsin, and Illinois.
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Atanasov, Vladimir, Barreto, Natalia, Franchi, Lorenzo, Whittle, Jeff, Meurer, John, Weston, Benjamin W., Luo, Qian, Yuan, Andy Ye, Zhang, Ruohao, and Black, Bernard
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RACE ,COVID-19 ,DEATH rate ,MORTALITY ,RACIAL minorities - Abstract
COVID-19 mortality rates increase rapidly with age, are higher among men than women, and vary across racial/ethnic groups, but this is also true for other natural causes of death. Prior research on COVID-19 mortality rates and racial/ethnic disparities in those rates has not considered to what extent disparities reflect COVID-19-specific factors, versus preexisting health differences. This study examines both questions. We study the COVID-19-related increase in mortality risk and racial/ethnic disparities in COVID-19 mortality, and how both vary with age, gender, and time period. We use a novel measure validated in prior work, the COVID Excess Mortality Percentage (CEMP), defined as the COVID-19 mortality rate (Covid-MR), divided by the non-COVID natural mortality rate during the same time period (non-Covid NMR), converted to a percentage. The CEMP denominator uses Non-COVID NMR to adjust COVID-19 mortality risk for underlying population health. The CEMP measure generates insights which differ from those using two common measures–the COVID-MR and the all-cause excess mortality rate. By studying both CEMP and COVID-MRMR, we can separate the effects of background health from Covid-specific factors affecting COVID-19 mortality. We study how CEMP and COVID-MR vary by age, gender, race/ethnicity, and time period, using data on all adult decedents from natural causes in Indiana and Wisconsin over April 2020-June 2022 and Illinois over April 2020-December 2021. CEMP levels for racial and ethnic minority groups can be very high relative to White levels, especially for Hispanics in 2020 and the first-half of 2021. For example, during 2020, CEMP for Hispanics aged 18–59 was 68.9% versus 7.2% for non-Hispanic Whites; a ratio of 9.57:1. CEMP disparities are substantial but less extreme for other demographic groups. Disparities were generally lower after age 60 and declined over our sample period. Differences in socio-economic status and education explain only a small part of these disparities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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43. Home range, site fidelity, and movements of timber rattlesnakes (Crotalus horridus) in west-central Illinois.
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Eckert, Scott A. and Jesper, Andrew C.
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CROTALUS ,RATTLESNAKES ,BROWNIAN bridges (Mathematics) ,SNAKES ,TIMBER ,SUMMER - Abstract
Understanding the home range of imperiled reptiles is important to the design of conservation and recovery efforts. Despite numerous home range studies for the Threatened timber rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus), many have limited sample sizes or outdated analytical methods and only a single study has been undertaken in the central midwestern United States. We report on the home range size, site fidelity, and movements of C. horridus in west-central Illinois. Using VHF telemetry, we located 29 C. horridus (13 female, 16 male) over a 5-year period for a total of 51 annual records of the species' locations and movements. We calculated annual home ranges for each snake per year using 99%, 95%, and 50% isopleths derived from Brownian Bridge utilization distributions (BBMM), and we also report 100% minimum convex polygons to be consistent with older studies. We examined the effects of sex, mass, SVL, and year on home range sizes and reported on movement metrics as well as home range fidelity using both Utilization Distribution Overlap Index (UDOI) and Bhattacharyya's affinity (BA) statistics. The home range sizes for male and non-gravid C. horridus were 88.72 Ha (CI 63.41–110.03) and 28.06 Ha (CI 17.17–38.96) for 99% BBMM; 55.65 Ha (CI 39.36–71.93) and 17.98 (CI 10.69–25.28) for 95% BBMM; 7.36 Ha (CI 5.08–9.64) and 2.06 Ha (CI 1.26–2.87) for 50% BBMM; and 78.54Ha (CI 47.78–109.30) and 27.96 Ha (CI 7.41–48.51) for MCP. The estimated daily distance traveled was significantly greater for males (mean = 57.25 m/day, CI 49.06–65.43) than females (mean = 27.55 m/day, CI 18.99–36.12), particularly during the summer mating season. Similarly, maximum displacement distances (i.e., maximum straight-line distance) from hibernacula were significantly greater for males (mean = 2.03 km, CI 1.57–2.48) than females (mean = 1.29 km, CI 0.85–1.73], and on average, males were located further from their hibernacula throughout the entirety of their active season. We calculated fidelity to high-use areas using 11 snakes that were tracked over multiple years. The mean BBMM overlap using Bhattacharyya's affinity (BA) for all snakes at the 99%, 95%, and 50% isopleths was 0.48 (CI 0.40–0.57), 0.40 (0.32–0.49), and 0.07 (0.05–0.10), respectively. The mean BBMM overlap for all snakes using the Utilization Distribution Overlap Index (UDOI) at the 99%, 95%, and 50% isopleths was 0.64 (CI 0.49–0.77), 0.32 (CI 0.21–0.47), and 0.02 (CI 0.01–0.05)), respectively. Our results are largely consistent with those of other studies in terms of the influence of sex on home range size and movements. The species also exhibits strong site fidelity with snakes generally using the same areas each summer, though there is far less overlap in specific (e.g., 50% UDOI) high-use areas, suggesting some plasticity in hunting areas. Particularly interesting was the tendency for snakes to disperse from specific hibernacula in the same general direction to the same general areas. We propose some possible reasons for this dispersal pattern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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44. Blooming and Forage Characteristics of Twelve Native Forbs Subjected to Repeated Defoliation.
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Prigge, Jessica L., Bisangwa, Eric, Richwine, Jonathan D., Swilling, Keagan J., and Keyser, Patrick D.
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DEFOLIATION ,AUTUMN ,INSECT pollinators ,PLANT populations ,SUNFLOWER seeds ,FORAGE ,FERULA ,SUNFLOWERS ,POLLINATORS - Abstract
Insect pollinators are in population decline due to environmental and chemical stressors. Including native forbs in pastures could benefit grazers and pollinators; however, their forage and flowering characteristics are not fully documented. The objectives of our research were to evaluate 12 native forbs for persistence, forage mass, nutrient composition, and flowering patterns under repeated defoliation. Twelve species were planted in a small-plot experiment in 2018. Response variables were measured from 2020 to 2022. Annual (partridge pea, PPEA, Chamaecrista fasciculata) and biennial (black-eyed Susan, BESU, Rudbeckia hirta) species established high (p < 0.05) plant populations during the first season; however, the PPEA declined (p < 0.05) in forage mass during 2021. Tall species (Maximilian sunflower, MSUN, Helianthus maximiliani; cup plant, CUPP, Silphium perfoliatum) increased in forage mass, produced high-quality forage, and flowered during early fall. Lanceleaf coreopsis (LCOR, Coreopsis lanceolata) produced consistent (p > 0.05) forage mass and flowered in spring. The purple coneflower (PURC, Echinacea purpurea), Illinois bundleflower (ILBF, Desmanthus illinoensis), and oxeye sunflower (OSUN, Helopsis helianthoides) produced high-quality, consistent (p > 0.05) forage mass and flowered mid-season. Interseeding the BESU, ILBF, PPEA, LCOR, PURC, OSUN, and MSUN or CUPP would produce high-quality forage and floral resources throughout summer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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45. Inquietus: La Salle in the Illinois Country.
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Ekberg, Carl J.
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BODIES of water ,ILLINOIS state history ,SIGN language ,NATIVE Americans ,LAND grants - Abstract
"Inquietus: La Salle in the Illinois Country" by Mark Walczynski is a historically significant and captivating book that covers a ten-year period (1673-1683) in the colonial history of Illinois. The author, a park historian, provides a straightforward and lucid account of the exploration and colonization conducted by La Salle and his associates. The book emphasizes the importance of historical accuracy and avoids Eurocentric triumphalism, offering a respectful perspective on the interactions between Europeans and Native Americans. The Center for French Colonial Studies has published a highly readable and user-friendly text that sheds light on the fascinating history of the upper Illinois River. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2024
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46. Examining the relationship of acetaminophen use during pregnancy with early language development in children.
- Author
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Woodbury ML, Cintora P, Ng S, Hadley PA, and Schantz SL
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- Humans, Female, Pregnancy, Male, Prospective Studies, Child, Preschool, Analgesics, Non-Narcotic adverse effects, Illinois, Infant, Newborn, Birth Cohort, Infant, Child Language, Acetaminophen adverse effects, Acetaminophen administration & dosage, Language Development, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects
- Abstract
Background: Acetaminophen is the only analgesic considered safe for use throughout pregnancy. Recent studies suggest that use during pregnancy may be associated with poorer neurodevelopmental outcomes in children, but few have examined language development., Methods: The Illinois Kids Development Study is a prospective birth cohort in east-central Illinois. Between December 2013 and March 2020, 532 newborns were enrolled and had exposure data available. Participants reported the number of times they took acetaminophen six times across pregnancy. Language data were collected at 26.5-28.5 months using the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories (CDI; n = 298), and 36-38 months using the Speech and Language Assessment Scale (SLAS; n = 254)., Results: Taking more acetaminophen during the second or third trimester was associated with marginally smaller vocabularies and shorter utterance length (M3L) at 26.5-28.5 months. More acetaminophen use during the third trimester was also associated with increased odds of M3L scores ≤25th percentile in male children. More use during the second or third trimester was associated with lower SLAS scores at 36-38 months. Third trimester use was specifically related to lower SLAS scores in male children., Conclusions: Higher prenatal acetaminophen use during pregnancy may be associated with poorer early language development., Impact: Taking more acetaminophen during pregnancy, particularly during the second and third trimesters, was associated with poorer scores on measures of language development when children were 26.5-28.5 and 36-38 months of age. Only male children had lower scores in analyses stratified by child sex. To our knowledge, this is the first study that has used a standardized measure of language development to assess the potential impact of prenatal exposure to acetaminophen on language development. This study adds to the growing body of literature suggesting that the potential impact of acetaminophen use during pregnancy on fetal neurodevelopment should be carefully evaluated., (© 2023. The Author(s).)
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- 2024
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47. Changes Upstream: RIPE team uses CRISPR/Cas9 to alter photosynthesis for the first time.
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CRISPRS ,GENE expression ,CLIMATE change adaptation ,PLANT breeding ,PHOTOSYNTHESIS - Abstract
A team from the University of California, Berkeley has successfully used CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing to increase gene expression and photosynthetic activity in a food crop. This is the first study to use an unbiased gene-editing approach to enhance gene expression. The researchers focused on changing the expression of native genes in plants without introducing foreign DNA. The study found that inversions of regulatory DNA resulted in increased gene expression, and the approach did not compromise the activity of other essential processes. While this method is still relatively rare, it shows promise for improving crop traits and could potentially be faster than traditional plant breeding approaches. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
48. Palmer Digital announces Rainbow Cone digital signage partnership.
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DIGITAL signage ,RAINBOWS ,INTERACTIVE kiosks ,PRESS releases ,INFORMATION display systems - Abstract
Palmer Digital, an integrator specializing in digital kiosks, display enclosures and drive thru digital menu boards, has expanded its partnership with Rainbow Cone for digital signage at additional locations in Illinois and Florida, according to a press release. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
49. Assessing and comparing disease prevention knowledge, attitudes, and practices among veterinarians in Illinois, United States of America.
- Author
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Agrawal I and Varga C
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- Illinois, Animals, Female, Male, Humans, Surveys and Questionnaires, Adult, Zoonoses prevention & control, Middle Aged, Cattle, Veterinarians psychology, Veterinarians statistics & numerical data, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice
- Abstract
Veterinarians play an essential role in safeguarding and promoting animal and human health by timely reporting of notifiable diseases to animal and public health agencies and by educating animal owners on effective disease prevention measures. Moreover, clinical veterinarians can prevent the transmission and spread of zoonotic diseases by adopting effective biosecurity practices in their clinics. An online questionnaire was administered between October and November 2021 to veterinarians registered with the Illinois State Veterinary Medical Association. Veterinarians were surveyed on their disease risk perception, biosecurity practices, and disease reporting knowledge. In total, 104 veterinarians (64 % females and 46 % males) completed the questionnaire, of whom 88 % were veterinarians working in clinical practice (88 % companion animals and 12 % bovine or swine), while 12 % were employed in non-clinical settings. The disease-reporting knowledge score was higher for veterinarians with biosecurity training (IRR: 1.35; 95 % CI: 1.47-1.75). Compared to large animal veterinarians, companion animal veterinarians had lower odds of having biosecurity training (OR=0.68; 95 % CI=0.02-0.28) and were less familiar with current biosecurity guidelines (OR=0.12; 95 % CI = 0.03-0.51). Veterinarians familiar with biosecurity guidelines had a higher probability (OR=4.4; 95 % CI: 1.21-16.28) of perceiving biosecurity practices as practical while working with animals. Conversely, veterinarians who perceived that they could transmit diseases to animals had lower odds (OR: 0.42; 95 % CI: 0.20-0.91) of wearing protective clothing while dealing with confirmed cases of zoonotic diseases. Based on our study results, a gap in disease-reporting knowledge was identified among companion animal veterinarians. Biosecurity training improved the disease-reporting knowledge of veterinarians, suggesting that providing continuing education for veterinarians would be beneficial to disease reporting. A disconnect between disease risk perception and biosecurity practices was identified and further studies are needed to understand this discrepancy to design effective education programs., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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50. Enhancing behavioral health competencies for senior center staff through workforce development and training.
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Keefe B, Beaugard CA, and Tripken J
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- Humans, Male, Female, Wisconsin, Aged, Illinois, Middle Aged, Geriatrics education, Staff Development, Senior Centers
- Abstract
Increases in the numbers of older adults with mental health and substance use concerns compel us to identify best practices in training to address these issues. Senior Centers are an ideal location for behavioral health education programs as they are the go-to place for many older adults. This paper describes an online certificate program in Behavioral Health and Aging offered by the Center for Aging and Disability Education and Research at Boston University School of Social Work in collaboration with the National Council on Aging to increase senior center staff knowledge and skills. A total of 228 senior center staff in Illinois, Florida, and Wisconsin completed the online certificate program. There were statistically significant changes in key competencies for all courses based on pre-post assessment. We held key informant interviews to assess the impact of training and participants stated that their knowledge, skills, and behaviors were influenced by the program.
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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