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The role of environment in promoting happiness has been well known, but the impact of the government's ecological environment policy on residents' happiness remains to be explored. This paper uses the first batch of pilot policies for the construction of eco-civilized cities in China (Jiangxi, Fujian, and Guizhou) as a quasi-natural experiment to empirically study the impact of ecological civilization construction in China on residents' subjective well-being. Using the data from the China Household Finance Survey and difference in difference method, we find that Chinese ecological civilization construction has significantly improved the happiness of local residents. Mechanism analysis shows that the "happiness effect" mechanism of Chinese ecological civilization construction by improving household income, health level, and the living environment of residents. In addition, the "happiness effect" of Chinese ecological civilization construction shows group heterogeneity, and ecological civilization construction plays a larger role in promoting the well-being of residents of low-asset families, urban families, and families that own their own houses. Finally, the "happiness effect" of Chinese ecological civilization construction shows regional heterogeneity, and the construction of ecological civilization has a more striking effect on improving the well-being of residents in Jiangxi province and Guizhou province. According to the authors' knowledge, the present study is the first to study the impact of China's macroeconomic environmental policies on residents' happiness, and the present study contributes to the research on residents' happiness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a major ecological project with the largest investment scale, strongest policy support, most extensive involvement, and the highest level of public participation in the world, the Sloping Land Conversion Program (SLCP) implemented by China is important for protecting the ecological environment and achieving long-term stability. Consolidating the SLCP's achievements is key to its sustainable operation. Based on a sample of 612 farmers in Guizhou Province, this paper discusses the impact of value perception and government regulation on farmers' behavior in terms of their continued SLCP maintenance. The results show that (1) value perception and government regulation are important factors affecting the sustainability of farmers' behavior of continuing to maintain the SLCP. Perceived economic value and perceived cost input, as dimensions of value perception, and policy publicity and economic incentives, as dimensions of government regulation, have important influences on farmers' continued SLCP maintenance. (2) There are complementary effects between value perception and government regulation. Policy publicity and perceived ecological value, technical guidance and perceived economic and social value, and economic incentives and perceived economic value can have complementary effects on farmers' continued maintenance behavior. (3) Value perception and government regulation heterogeneously impact different groups of farmers. In terms of intergenerational differences, perceived cost inputs and punitive measures significantly affect only new-generation farmers. In terms of farmer type, perceived economic value does not significantly affect nonfarmers; perceived cost input significantly affects part-time farmers engaged mainly in off-farm employment, and technical guidance and economic incentives have the greatest impact on pure farmers. In terms of tree species, perceived cost input and policy publicity significantly impact only ecological forest farmers, while technical guidance has a greater impact on economic forest farmers. The findings provide an in-depth understanding of the mechanism underlying farmers' behavior in maintaining the SLCP and offer a reference for promoting the goals of forestry ecological policies against the background of rural revitalization and green development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intermountain basins are the granaries of the karst mountains of southwest China. Revealing the process and trend of land-use transformation in typical mountainous "granaries" is of great significance to optimizing land-use, food security, and rural revitalization in the karst mountains of southwest China. Lianjiang basin in Huishui County is the largest in Guizhou Province of southwest China, and a typical mountainous "granary" is used as a case study area. Based on seven periods of high-definition remote sensing images from 1966 to 2020 and on-the-spot investigation, we adopt the analysis methods of landscape pattern, moving window, and buffer zone and conduct an in-depth study on the spatial evolution of land-use and the land-use transformation law of the typical "granaries" of karst mountainous areas in southwest China from the perspectives of changes in the quantity of land-use, changes in the types of land-use, and changes in the landscape pattern. The results showed that the transformation of land-use in the basin was mainly manifested in the transformation of the function of cultivated land and the diversification of the function of cultivated land. The landscape pattern of the basin was gradually transformed from traditional rural landscape to modern agricultural landscape. The gradient effect of land-use evolution and transformation in the study basin was obvious. Traffic, location, and land resources significantly affect land-use transformation in the basin. Based on the above analysis, this paper proposes that the "granary" basins in karst mountainous areas should optimize the land-use of the basin by the trade-off between regional socio-economic development, ecological protection, and food security. The results of this paper provide a reference for land-use optimization and rural development in the granary-type basins and other similar areas in the karst mountains of southwest China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital technology has already permeated the production and operations of organizations, with many incorporating it into employee performance evaluations. However, there remains a research gap in identifying effective approaches to achieving digital performance. Furthermore, while scholars have often mentioned the differences in employee attitudes, and employee dynamic capability (EDC) in the dynamic digital market, empirical evidence supporting this notion is scarce. This paper investigates the influence of high-involvement human resource management practices (HI-HRMPs) on employee digital performance (EDP) within Chinese small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), focusing on specific cultural regions in China. Using purposive sampling, four representative regions (Guangzhou, Shanghai, Guizhou, and Anhui) were selected for Survey. Structural equation modeling (AMOS) was employed to examine the relationships between HI-HRMPs as the independent variable and employee competitive attitudes, employee competitive behaviors, and employee dynamic capabilities as mediating variables, with a focus on their impact on employee digital performance. Contrary to direct effects, the study reveals that HI-HRMPs do not directly influence employee digital performance. Instead, employee competitive attitudes and behaviors, along with their dynamic capabilities, emerge as significant mediating variables in this relationship. Specifically, employee competitive attitudes and behaviors, as well as employee dynamic capabilities, play crucial roles in mediating the relationship between HI-HRMPs and employee digital performance. Furthermore, the findings indicate that employee dynamic capabilities exhibit greater influence on employee digital performance compared to employee competitive attitudes and behaviors, particularly in the context of a rapidly evolving digital marketplace. These results underscore the importance of fostering employee dynamic capabilities within SMEs to enhance digital performance in the ever-changing business landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the globalization trend, China's cultural heritage is in danger of gradually disappearing. The protection and inheritance of these precious cultural resources has become a critical task. This paper focuses on the Miao batik culture in Guizhou Province, China, and explores the application of knowledge graphs, natural language processing, and deep learning techniques in the promotion and protection of batik culture. We propose a dual-channel mechanism that integrates semantic and visual information, aiming to connect batik pattern features with cultural connotations. First, we use natural language processing techniques to automatically extract batik-related entities and relationships from the literature, and construct and visualize a structured batik pattern knowledge graph. Based on this knowledge graph, users can textually search and understand the images, meanings, taboos, and other cultural information of specific patterns. Second, for the batik pattern classification, we propose an improved ResNet34 model. By embedding average pooling and convolutional operations into the residual blocks and introducing long-range residual connections, the classification performance is enhanced. By inputting pattern images into this model, their categories can be accurately identified, and then the underlying cultural connotations can be understood. Experimental results show that our model outperforms other mainstream models in evaluation metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score, achieving 94.46%, 94.47%, 93.62%, and 93.8%, respectively. This research provides new ideas for the digital protection of batik culture and demonstrates the great potential of artificial intelligence technology in cultural heritage protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The marine–continental transitional shale of the Upper Permian Longtan Formation in northern Guizhou is an important source rock in the upper Yangtze region of China, and it holds significant potential for the exploration of shale gas. To investigate the correlation between sedimentary conditions and the accumulation of organic matters in marine–continental transitional shale, this paper performed an extensive analysis using organic geochemical testing, organic petrology examination, a cross-section polisher–scanning electron microscope (CP-SEM), and geochemical analysis. The Jinsha and Dafang drilling cores were selected as the research subjects. The results showed that the TOC of the Longtan Formation in the study area was relatively high, and the TOC content of the tidal flat–lagoon environment (average of 8.37%) was significantly higher than that of the delta samples (average of 2.77%). The high content of Al2O3 (average of 17.41% in DC-1, average of 16.53% in JC-1) indicated strong terrigenous detrital input. The proxies indicated that the Longtan Formation shale in northern Guizhou was deposited in a climate that was both warm and humid, with oxic–dysoxic sedimentary water characterized by high biological productivity and a rapid sedimentation rate. The organic-rich shales during the marine and continental transitional phases were affected by various factors, including the paleo-climate, water redox properties, paleo-productivity, sedimentation rate, and other variables, which directly or indirectly impacted the availability, burial, and preservation of organic matter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ecological civilization construction is an important dimension to achieve high-quality economic development. This paper evaluates the eco-efficiency improvement effect of China's ecological civilization pilot zone policy utilizing the synthetic control method (SCM) differences-in-differences method (DID) and examines the influence mechanism of ecological civilization pilot zones on eco-efficiency in the light of the environmental pollution penalty, green technological innovation, and environmental publicity and education. The study results indicate that the construction of the ecological civilization pilot zone policy has substantially boosted eco-efficiency in the pilot areas, with the strongest boosting effect on eco-efficiency in Fujian province, followed by Guizhou province, and not significantly on eco-efficiency in Jiangxi province. Further, this paper also reveals that the construction of ecological civilization pilot zones has effectively contributed to eco-efficiency through channels such as strengthening the environmental pollution penalty, stimulating green technological innovation, and broadening environmental publicity and education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing green and low-carbon agriculture is an important and effective way to promote farmers' income growth. Given the country's "dual carbon" goal, the study of the impact of green and low-carbon agriculture on the income of farmers in ethnic minority areas is crucial for China to achieve the goals of socialist modernization and common prosperity. Taking Y Town, Zhijin County, Guizhou Province as an example, this paper uses the OLS regression method to empirically study the impact of green and low-carbon agricultural production methods on the income of farmers in ethnic minority mountainous agricultural areas based on the field survey data of 881 farmers. The regression results indicate that there is a positive correlation between green and lowcarbon agricultural production and the household income levels of farmers; adopting green and low-carbon agricultural production technologies can effectively promote the growth of farmers' household income. In addition, education level, health status, and the new rural social pension insurance have all had a significant effect on the income of rural households, however, due to the difficulty in establishing trust relationships, agricultural service outsourcing has reduced the household income level of farmers. As an example, the land transfer behavior in Y Town has no significant effect on increasing farmers' incomes. Finally, it is recommended to increase fiscal and financial support as well as effectively enhancing farmers' policy awareness and perception of green and low-carbon agricultural production technologies by improving farmers' general trust and institutional trust by strengthening farmers' agricultural education and skills training while cultivating technology-based farming. At the same time, it is necessary to break the geographical restrictions on land transfer scale and achieve moderate-scale land management while promoting the use and adoption of green and low-carbon agricultural production technologies, thereby improving agricultural production efficiency and product quality, and increasing the sustainable growth of farmers' income. The main contribution of this study is to expand the research scope of green and low-carbon agriculture to ethnic minorities and mountainous agricultural areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background--Forest is a kind of high-quality ecological resource. Forest ecological products have multiple values such as material supply, ecological regulation, health care in tourism, scientific research and education. The value evaluation of forest ecological products is an important measure to practice the "Two Mountains" theory, promote the transformation of "Two Mountains" and rural revitalization, and realize the harmonious development of man and nature. At present, the relevant research on the value evaluation of forest ecological products in typical karst mountain areas mainly includes the value progress of forest ecological products and the service function of forest ecosystem, etc. The research on the value evaluation of forest ecological products in karst mountain areas has not been reported. This paper discusses the value evaluation and realization paths of forest ecological products in typical karst mountain areas of Guizhou Province, which is of great significance for economic decision-making, ecological protection, green sustainable development and ecological civilization construction in karst mountain areas. (2) Methods--This paper took Guizhou Province, which has typical karst mountain features, as the re search object. Based on the survey and statistical data from 2020 to 2022, the paper constructed an accounting system for the gross forest ecosystem product by using the literature research method, evaluated the value of forest ecological products in Guizhou province by using the gross ecosystem product (GEP) accounting method, and put forward the paths to realize the value of forest ecological products in typical karst mountain areas. (3) Results--First, from 2020 to 2022, the total value of forest ecological products (FGEP) in Guizhou Province showed a rising trend, rising from 2 752.758 billion yuan in 2020 to 2 919.637 billion yuan in 2022, an increase of 6.06%, which was 1.5 times the GDP in the same period. Second, the value of forest material supply services and forest regulation services increased by 29.826 billion yuan and 90.998 billion yuan, respectively, with an increase rate of 22.68% and 7.85%. From 2020 to 2021, the value of forest cultural services increased by 85.707 billion yuan, an increase of 45.71%. Affected by the epidemic and the mode of economic development, the value of forest cultural services showed a declining trend from 2021 to 2022. Third, in the different functions of forest regulation service, the sum of climate regulation value, soil conservation value and water conservation value accounted for more than 90% of the total value of forest regulation service. Fourth, the forest ecological products value (FEPV), forest ecological regulation value (FERV) and forest ecological culture value (FECV) accounted for 4.78%~5.86%, 88.41%~95.35% and 4.85%~9.92% of the total value, respectively, showing the characteristics of FERV>FECV>FEPV. (4) Conclusions and Discussions--Based on the above research conclusions, the following policy recommendations are put forward: First, improve the FGEP evaluation index system of forest ecological products and the value realization mechanism. 3S technology, Internet of Things and other digital technologies are used to collect relevant data in the forest ecological product catalog list. Establish a diversified carbon sinks trading mechanism, and improve the forest ecological compensation mechanism. Second, continue to strengthen the protection and restoration of forest ecology, and improve the realization rate of the value of forest ecological products. Strengthen the protection of forest ecosystems in karst mountain areas. Provide relevant training and technical sup port to the community residents. Strengthen technological innovation and technology application of enterprises to improve the quality and efficiency of forest ecological products. Third, develop the forestry ecological industry to help the transformation of forest ecological resources into ecological assets. Combine ecological environmental protection with forestry industry development. Establish karst forest parks and develop ecological tourism. Construct the characteristic industrial system of understory economy based on the resource endowment of Guizhou Province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From core observations of shales of the Niutitang formation in the northern part of Guizhou Province, China, calcite was often found to act as a natural fracture filler and affect the extension of fractures in hydraulic fracturing. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the tensile mechanical behavior of shales by calcite veins. In this paper, by computed tomography scanning of shales containing calcite veins of different dip angles from the Niutitang formation, a three‐dimensional numerical model reflecting the internal fine structure of the shale was constructed. Direct tensile numerical simulations were carried out to investigate the effect of calcite veins at different angles on the fine‐scale damage process and mechanical properties of shale. The experimental results show that the tensile capacity of the shale increases with the increase in calcite veins. Depending on the dip angle of the calcite vein, the damage pattern of the shale is divided into three types of damage: pull‐off damage along the calcite vein, jagged damage, and horizontal damage perpendicular to the loading method. At high dip angles, the shale damage is more intense and the fracture network more complex. The temporal and spatial characteristics of the acoustic emissions provide a good indication of the microscopic behavior of the shale specimens during the damage process. The box dimension method was used to calculate the fractal dimension of the shale specimens at the final damage, and it was found that the damage was more intense and the fracture network was more complex at high dip angles, and there was an angular threshold. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Guizhou Province is one of the main producing areas of Camellia oleifera in China. In recent years, the area of newly planted C. oleifera forest has been expanding, which led to a larger yield potential in Guizhou Province. This paper combeded the main problems of camellia processing industry development in Guizhou Province, including a lack of scale production, basic research and deep processing technology, as sell as a lack of powerful brands and quality management system. It foucused on discussion of processing industry, and pointed out keys to healthy develop Guizhou camellia processing industry. In addition, it also put forward suggestions and countermeasures for development of camellia processing industry in Guizhou from 6 aspects: promoting the transformation and upgrading of camellia processing, extending the industrial chain of camellia processing, encouraging the diversified development of industry, cultivating large and medium-sized camellia processing enterprises, implementing brand development strategy, building scientific research platform, accelerating technological innovation and upgrading, and improving product quality standard system, in order to promote healthy and rapid development of camellia processing industry in Guizhou Province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the intensification of global climate change, the frequency of wildfires has markedly increased, presenting an urgent challenge in assessing tripping failures for power systems. This paper proposes an innovative method to evaluate the spatial wildfire-induced tripping risk of transmission lines based on a flame combustion model. Firstly, Bayes theory is employed to assess the spatial probability of wildfire occurrence. Subsequently, Wang Zhengfei's flame combustion model is utilized to estimate the potential flame height of wildfires along the transmission corridor. Thirdly, the insulation breakdown risk of the transmission line is calculated based on the relative height difference between the flame and the transmission line. Finally, the spatial wildfire-induced tripping risk of the transmission line is then determined by combining the wildfire occurrence probability and the insulation breakdown risk. A case study conducted in Guizhou province, China validates the accuracy of the proposed model. Utilizing ArcGIS, the wildfire occurrence probability distribution in Guizhou is visualized to enhance the efficiency of operation and maintenance. The results indicate that over 80% of wildfire incidents occurred in areas with occurrence probabilities exceeding 50%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-altitude rockfalls, as one of the major geological disasters in mountains, is highly concerned about the study of failure mechanisms and disaster prevention and mitigation. In August 2020, the Babaoshan cliff in Yanhe County, Guizhou collapsed and falling rocks hit agricultural vehicles on the road and damaged residents' houses below. Based on on-site investigation, three rockfall types of tension-rotating, tension-shear-falling, compression-shear exist in the study area, and the compression-shear rockfall can conform to the chain law of rockfall. The paper used the dynamic analysis software Rocpro-3D to simulate and invert the movement characteristics and impact range of rockfall at Babaoshan cliff. The results show that: 1) the hazardous zone, which is about 95 m wide and 175 m long, was formed by the rockfall at R1 and covered localized roads and houses below, with the covered probability of 20%, 17% respectively; 2) the terrains on the rockfall paths in two rockfall disaster events are mainly characterized by stepped shape and overall flat angle respectively, and the behaviors are mainly characterized by ejection and rolling respectively, meanwhile, the times to reach the road and houses were 17 s and 24.3 s, respectively, in addition, the protruding rock mass below the rockfall location gives the falling rock horizontal velocity and good movement space, which will make the falling rock move further away; 3) the different rockfall directions reflect different terrain combinations, simulation inversions reveal that different terrain combinations have significant control over the distance and shape of the rockfall trajectories. And, it was found that the more times a falling rock is rebounded, the greater the energy obtained; 4) the probabilities of falling rocks at H1, H2, H3 invading residential areas are respectively 8.67%, 20%, 19.33%, meanwhile invading road zone are respectively 10.67%, 15.33%, 9.33%. At least one point or several points stopped within the zone of the affected houses in the rockfall disaster event 2 in three prediction of the rockfall impact range, which indicates that there is a great risk that this house will continue to be affected by disasters after rockfalls occur within the steep cliff area above. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tetrapanax papyrifer, the rice‐paper plant, is an evergreen shrub and is traditionally used as a herbal medicine in China. In October 2021, a serious leaf spot disease was extensively observed on T. papyrifer in Guizhou, China. Given the limited information available about the aetiology of this disease, isolations were performed, the morphological characteristics and multi‐locus phylogenetic analysis of the fungus associated with the disease were described, and the pathogenicity tests and Koch's postulates were completed. To our knowledge, this is the first report of leaf spot on T. papyrifer caused by Alternaria tenuissima in China. Among 11 fungicides tested, 10% difenoconazole WDG had the best inhibition effect in vitro with EC50 values at 0.1 μg mL−1. This study provides new information for the identification and chemical control of Alternaria leaf spot of T. papyrifer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China has an exceptional diversity in Begonia, holding the second largest number of described species in this genus at the national level. Many new taxa need to be explored and described. This paper reports two new species, Begonia ruchengensis (B. sect. Reichenheimia) and B. auritalata (B. sect. Platycentrum), from Hunan province and Guizhou province, respectively. Besides the detailed morphology description, color illustrations, and line drawings, the diagnoses of these two species distinguished from their allied taxa are provided. Their conservation statuses are evaluated according to The Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China is rich in karst resources and famous for its karst landscape. As a part of karst, the popularity of red karst is obviously low and has received little attention; moreover, the related scientific research and tourism development are relatively immature. Therefore, this paper takes the red karst in Tongren, Guizhou as the research object, analyzes the characteristics and causes of the red karst, comprehensively evaluates its landscape value, and puts forward development strategies and protection suggestions. Through the above research, the following three research results are obtained. (1) On the basis of a field investigation and a literature review, the geographical situation, background, and landscape characteristics of the red karst landform and its surrounding areas in Tongren City were investigated in detail. It forms isolated peaks, rock walls, protruding rocks, stone pillars, and other forms. The most prominent features of the red karst landscape in Tongren City are that the color is red and white, and the shape is concave and convex in order. (2) Geochemical test and structural data collection and analyses of the collected samples were performed. The obtain concave layer rock is dolomitic limestone, and that convex lay rock is argillaceous dolomitic limestone. Because the convex layer rock sample is high in silicon element content, the convex layer rock sample is not easy to be weathered, is rich in clay mineral, and is not easy to be corrode; the convex layer rock sample gradually protrudes with the passage of time to form an uneven shape. The red karst landform is developed in either the rock stratum or tectonic zone with moderate tectonic deformation intensity. First, the formation of a single-layer honeycomb morphology requires that the rock stratum is subjected to a sufficient horizontal compressive stress at a certain burial depth. Second, it is necessary to widely exist in areas with relatively gentle rock formation occurrence; too strong of a structural deformation will make the rock formation occurrence steep, which is not conducive to the occurrence of differential dissolution between adjacent strata. (3) Through the construction of an evaluation index system, the red karst in Tongren City is evaluated, and it is concluded that the geological heritage value is high, and the development and utilization conditions are weak. The conclusion of this article is a supplement to the geological and geomorphological system characteristics of southern karst. From the perspective of world natural heritage, the study enriches the academic evidence of red karst and enables its exemplary role to be well played. From the perspective of the tourism development value, more people should be made aware of the diverse types of karst landforms, which provide experience and suggestions for the value of landforms, tourism resources, and tourism development in similar areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the analysis of survey data of left-behind children in rural areas of Guizhou Province, this paper studies the happiness of left-behind children and explores its interaction and impact with Internet usage behavior and social support. This study uses a sample size of 336 to study the relationship between Internet use, social support and subjective well-being of left-behind children through descriptive statistical analysis. The findings show that economic status has a statistically significant impact on financial well-being, and that the impact of life satisfaction on well-being increases as satisfaction levels increase. However, the frequency and duration of Internet use did not have a significant impact on subjective well-being. On the contrary, research found that content preferences have a positive impact on social support and subjective well-being of left-behind children. Information-based network use can bring more social support, thus improving the life satisfaction of left-behind children. Finally, family support had a significant predictive effect on left-behind children's subjective well-being. Future research can further explore the complex relationship between left-behind children's Internet use, social support and subjective well-being, especially comparative studies in different regions and different cultural backgrounds, to comprehensively understand the formation mechanism of left-behind children's well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The simplification operation has always been a challenging research problem in the field of cartography generalization and expression. Continuous tessellation area data of land cover, whose source data come from high-resolution remote sensing satellite sensors, are an important type of remote sensing application data to express the spatial distribution information of natural and artificial objects on Earth's surface. In this paper, a novel and practical simplification method for continuous tessellation area data is proposed. The first step is area discretization, in which a general topological structure containing semantic features is established, and land patches are divided into multiple arcs on the basis of this topological structure. The second step is arc simplification, in which arcs are classified into artificial and natural types according to their semantic and morphological features, and corresponding simplification algorithms are assigned. The final step is area reconstruction, based on the semantic and topological information, and simplified arcs are reconstructed to patch polygons. The geography and national conditions census data of a city in Guizhou Province, China, are used to verify the rationality and effectiveness of the method. Experimental results showed that the method proposed in this article is suitable for the simplification processing of artificial and natural land features. The simplification results can maintain the overall shape of the patches and reduce the complexity of the arcs effectively, and the semantic information of each patch after simplification is also correct. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bianfudong (pinyin for Bat Cave) is a paleolithic site that was recently discovered in Heqing, Yunnan in southwestern China. Several hominin fossils, stone artifacts and more than 69,000 mammal fossils were unearthed in 2019. The hominin fossils and stone artifacts were excavated from the upper part (layers 1–12) of the section with an age range of 180–70 ka BP. Some large mammal fossils and micromammalian remains were collected from the lower part of the section (layers 22–30), which has an age >180 ka BP. This paper describes the micromammalian fossils collected from layers 25–30 and analyzes the fauna composition and paleohabitats. A total of 638 micromammal specimens represent 12 species, including 11 extant species i.e. Euroscaptor longirostris , Blarinella wardi , Anourosorex squamipes , Crocidura vorax , Eothenomys (Anteliomys) chinensis , E. (A.) proditor , Apodemus chevrieri , Ap. draco , Ap. latronum , Micromys minutus , and Niviventer confucianus , and one extinct species Anourosorex qianensis. The two arvicolid Eothenomys species dominate, both in the number of identified specimens and the minimum number of individuals. The composition of the Bianfudong micromammalian fauna can be compared with the faunas of Sanjiacun in Chenggong of Yunnan Province, Mawokoudong in Bijie and Xinglongdong in Fengjie, Guizhou Province. Using the random forest model with modern meteorological data, we calculated the mean annual precipitation (MAP) and the mean annual temperature (MAT) for all 11 living species in the Bianfudong. The MAP was inferred as 1008.04 mm, close to modern data in the Heqing area, while the MAT was slightly lower at 12.84 °C. The dominance of Eothenomys also supports a slightly cooler climate during the late Middle Pleistocene in the Heqing area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global warming, caused by greenhouse gas emissions, is a major challenge for all human societies. To ensure that ambitious carbon neutrality and sustainable economic development goals are met, regional human activities and their impacts on carbon emissions must be studied. Guizhou Province is a typical karst area in China that predominantly uses fossil fuels. In this study, a backpropagation (BP) neural network and extreme learning machine (ELM) model, which is advantageous due to its nonlinear processing, were used to predict carbon emissions from 2020 to 2040 in Guizhou Province. The carbon emissions were calculated using conversion and inventory compilation methods with energy consumption data and the results showed an "S" growth trend. Twelve influencing factors were selected, however, five with larger correlations were screened out using a grey correlation analysis method. A prediction model for carbon emissions from Guizhou Province was established. The prediction performance of a whale optimization algorithm (WOA)-ELM model was found to be higher than the BP neural network and ELM models. Baseline, high-speed, and low-carbon scenarios were analyzed and the size and time of peak carbon emissions in Liaoning Province from 2020 to 2040 were predicted using the WOA-ELM model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the blueberry industry continues to evolve, the effective control of its diseases and pests has become an essential component of local agricultural development. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the principal types of blueberry diseases and pests in Guizhou Province, along with the corresponding control measures, in order to serve as a valuable reference for blueberry growers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigating interplay between urbanization and carbon emissions is crucial for reaching carbon peak objective. This study employs a VAR model to examine correlation between the urbanization rate and carbon emissions specifically within Guizhou Province, VAR model has obvious advantages in studying the dynamic relationship between them. The findings indicate that: (1) In Guizhou Province, there is a nuanced interplay between the urbanization rate and carbon emissions, with the magnitude and direction of their influence varying across different time intervals. (2) Carbon emissions in Guizhou Province exhibit a notable self-propelling effect, while concurrently, the urbanization rate demonstrates an inertia effect, which also contributes to its own advancement. (3) The influence of the urbanization rate on carbon emissions in Guizhou Province experiences gradual rise before plateauing, suggesting that the high-quality advancement of new urbanization in the region facilitates the achievement of carbon reduction objectives. Finally, policy recommendations are put forward: (1) Conscientiously implement the central ecological environment zoning control policies, such as: Guizhou Province Ecological environment zoning control Plan and Guizhou Province Urban and Rural Construction Carbon peak Implementation Plan and other policies. (2) Pay attention to the quality of Guizhou's urbanization process. Solve the relationship between urbanization and carbon emissions, and realize the coordination and unification of urbanization and the carrying capacity of resources and environment. (3) Develop a new type of urbanization rich in Guizhou's mountainous characteristics and promote the construction of low-carbon cities. Give full play to the regional characteristics of Guizhou's mountainous areas, build a new type of urbanization with Guizhou's mountainous characteristics, promote the construction of low-carbon cities in the process of urbanization development, and strengthen the coordinated development of ecological environment construction and urbanization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Ediacaran–Cambrian Phosphogenic Episode is the Earth's first true phosphogenic event and resulted in worldwide phosphate deposits, which occurred during the processes of the Neoproterozoic Oxygenation Event. The Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation (ca. 635–551 Ma) of Weng'an area in central Guizhou, South China, contains two economic phosphorite beds (the Lower and Upper Phosphorite Beds). This paper presents a detailed stratigraphic, sedimentological and mineralogical study of multiple outcrop and drill core sections of the Doushantuo Formation across the Weng'an area, and identified 11 lithofacies and 4 types of phosphatic grains. Significant differences in lithofacies and grain types between the upper and lower phosphate deposits are observed, indicating that the two sets of phosphate deposits are the products of two distinct phosphogenic processes. The Lower Phosphorite Bed mainly consists of banded and laminated phosphorites, contains micro-oncoids formed by microbially-mediated precipitation and peloids formed by in-situ chemically oscillating reactions, indicating a biochemical and chemical enrichment of phosphorus to sediments during the Early Ediacaran Period. The Upper Phosphorite Bed is mainly composed of carbonaceous, massive, and stromatolitic phosphorites, contains bioclasts (phosphatized spheroidal fossils), and intraclasts formed by hydrodynamic agitation, suggesting that the major accesses of phosphorus to sediments were the remineralization of organic P. Deposition of the two economic phosphorite beds was controlled by two sea-level cycles. Such differences have also been documented in contemporaneous phosphate-bearing successions in Brazil and Mangolia, indicating a significant shift in global phosphogenic mechanism during the early and middle Ediacaran, which may be due to the changes in redox conditions in seawater, associated with the Neoproterozoic Oxygenation Event. These regional active P-cycle processes could produce more free oxygen, which may have contributed to the upcoming Phanerozoic global oxidation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, managed forest ( MF) and natural forest ( NF) in the Huajiang Demonstration Zone of Guanling, Guizhou were selected as research objects, and cropland ( CL) was taken as control. High-throughput sequencing technology was used to study the characteristics of fungal community composition and species diversity in the surface ( 0 - 10 cm) soil of each restoration measure, in order to reveal the dominant soil fungal groups and fungal community composition in karst rocky desertification areas, which was conducive to a more comprehensive understanding of the soil conditions of different vegetation restoration measures. Research has shown that vegetation restoration significantly affected the diversity of soil fungal community, with significant increases in Sob index, Ace index, and Chao index. The vegetation restoration has significantly changed the composition of fungal community. The dominant fungi in the CL topsoil are Sordariomycetes (62. 28%), Dothideomycetes (12. 34%), and Eurotiomycetes (9. 12%); the dominant fungi in the MF soil are Sordariomycetes ( 45. 05%), Dothideomycetes ( 14. 74%), and Mortierellomycetes ( 10. 40%) ; the dominant fungi in the NF soil are unclassified fungal community (26. 38%), Sordariomycetes ( 19. 78%), and Agaricomycetes ( 13. 82%). Vegetation restoration has changed the key fungal groups in the soil. Sordariomycetes, Fwarium, and Setophoma are the key dominant fungal groups in CL soil; Dioszegia is key dominant fungal group in MF soil; c_unclassified_k_Fungi, p_unclassified_k_Fungi, o_unclassified_k_Fungi, f_unclassified_k_Fungi, g_unclassified_k_Fungi, Teichospora, and Diaporthe are key dominant fungal groups in NF soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 3D geological modeling methods based on section, cross-section data is an important data source for constructing 3D geological modeling in complex areas. The efficiency and quality of cross-section data compilation-adjustment will directly affect the time and quality of subsequent regional 3D geological model construction. However, current compilation-adjustment methods for cross-section are inefficient and difficult to effectively control their quality. Therefore, in this paper, a cross-section compilation-adjustment method based on 2D-3D linkage is proposed. It deeply integrates the virtual borehole geological structure (VBGS), 2D-3D linkage strategy, and structural geological feature information into the inspection-adjustment process of geologic bodies (faults, strata, rock masses, and ore bodies) structural abnormality (GSA) and elevation consistency at intersections. A complete cross-section compilation and quality control process can be realized by regional structural stratigraphic framework construction, GSA high efficiency analysis and adjustment, elevation errors quick positioning and adjustment at intersections. This new method solves the problem of inconsistency between the complex geological structures and the real structural geological characteristics and overcomes the defects of local fitting abnormality (depressions or sharp protrusions) of geological interfaces caused by elevation errors at intersections. Software tool is developed based on QuantyView 2D/3D GIS platform, and 73 cross-section data of a 1:50,000 modeling area in western Guizhou, China, is taken as an example for practical application verification. Results show that the proposed new method significantly improves the inspection-adjustment efficiency of GSA and elevation errors at intersections. What's more, quality of cross-sections compilation-adjustment has been effectively controlled, which provides reliable data sources for constructing high quality regional 3D geological models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The world has moved into an era of hidden ore body exploration, necessitating the development of new prospecting and exploration methods. One promising approach is to use the deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) algorithm to extract spatial and correlation characteristics of multiple two-dimensional elements related to hidden ores. This paper explores this method on Datangpo manganese (Mn), constructing prediction datasets that includes geological, geochemical, geophysical and aeromagnetic features. Analyzing metallogenic conditions and control factors of Mn ores, we construct a Mn ore prediction model (Geo-DCNN) based on multiple geographical knowledge and DCNN. The Geo-DCNN model reaches ore-bearing accuracy of 79.11%, non-ore-bearing accuracy of 99.01%, overall accuracy of 95.35%, and loss value of 0.0227 after training. Based on analysis of ROC curve, P-R curve, field investigation, and target area verification, we discover that the prediction results of the Geo-DCNN model in northeast Guizhou have a high correspondence rate with known manganese deposits. This provides valuable insight for further ore exploration in the area. Additionally, the results indicate that the Geo-DCNN model is robust and portable, suggesting that it can be applied to metallogenic prediction practices for manganese ore in similar regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reported cases of scrub typhus (ST) have continued to escalate, with outbreaks occurring regionally in China. These pose an increasing public health threat at a time when public health has been overwhelmed. During the period from July to August 2022, in Rongjiang County, Guizhou Province, China, 13 out of 21 fever patients were diagnosed with scrub typhus, based on epidemiological investigation and blood test analysis. The major clinical symptoms of these patients showed fever, chills, headache, eschar, fatigue and pneumonia, which were accompanied by a rise in C-reactive protein, neutrophils, alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Furthermore, nearly half of them exhibited abnormal electrocardiogram activity. Through semi-nested PCR, Sanger sequencing and phylogenetic tree construction, the Karp strain of Orientia tsutsugamushi (O. tsutsugamushi) was confirmed as the pathogen causing ST in Rongjiang County, which shared the same evolutionary branch with O. tsutsugamushi isolated from wild mouse liver or spleen, indicating that the wild mouse plays an important role in transmitting the disease. In contrast to the sporadic cases in the past, our study is the first to disclose an epidemic and the corresponding clinical characteristics of ST in Guizhou province, which is of great significance for the prevention and treatment of regional illnesses. Author summary: In this study, 13 cases of ST were identified through clinical and laboratory diagnosis in Rongjiang County, which is the first outbreak of the disease in Guizhou province, China. It is worth noting that ST was caused by the Karp strain, which can be transmitted by wild mice, and the infected population generally had a clear history of outdoor activity. In addition to the typical clinical symptoms such as fever, chills and pneumonia, nearly half of patients with ST also exhibited abnormal electrocardiogram activity. In conclusion, our study presents a method to confirm ST through the combination of clinical and laboratory diagnosis, which provides a reference for the development of effective strategies and measures to tackle ST, and has important public health significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As land is one of the most important production factors in rural areas, it is becoming an important challenge for rural revitalization strategy to realize land value and promote the socioeconomic development of villages through the collective action of self‐organized collective land use. Various studies have discussed the relationships among land governance, rural revitalization and self‐organization, but few studies have focused on village cadres' roles and village rules. This paper aims to establish an analytical framework to explore these two operating mechanisms of self‐organization in collective land use. Two villages in eastern China and one village in western China are selected as typical cases to demonstrate how collective land use is self‐organized by village cadres' roles and village rules. The results indicate that village cadres play roles in the entrepreneurial spirit and resource access capacity to promote village economic and social development. In the utilization of collective land for farmers to live in peace and work happily, the configuration of rules at the village level to regulate the behaviour of villagers is a qualification on demand and "see who can take part", cost sharing and benefit sharing, graduated sanction and supervision. The analysis in this article may provide an understanding of the mechanism driving the promotion and improvement of land self‐organization, which has important policy implications for China and other developing countries adopting this mode to promote regional economic development in rural areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main form of ground source heat pump is rock-soil source heat pump system. To find out the causes for the poor operation effect of the system when applied in karst area, the heat transfer test and engineering research are conducted. It is considered that the unfavorable formation lithology and hydrogeological conditions may restrict the sustainable development and utilization of the system to some extent, and the problems existing in the air pressure down-the-hole (DTH) hammer technology and construction may also cause abnormal running of the system. Thus, the paper put forwards some suggestions and countermeasures on strengthening basic geological and hydrogeological survey, geophysical prospecting, drilling technology promotion and process management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Moss-associated abundant microorganisms may play an important role in manganese ore remediation. In this paper, we investigated the structure and diversity of moss rhizobial communities in manganese slag piles at Xiaoqiao Manganese Mine, Songtao County, Tongren City, Guizhou Province, and explored the response of moss rhizobial communities under different levels of soil heavy metal contamination. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to determine the heavy metal content in the soil. The structure and abundance of the moss rhizobia community were characterized by 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing, and the relationship between the indicators was analyzed. The results showed that among the dominant bacteria in the moss rhizosphere of the manganese mine dumps, Actinomycetes, Proteus, Green algae and Cyanobacteria showed better tolerance to heavy metals. The results of the correlation analysis between bacterial abundance and heavy metal content showed that Mn was significantly positively correlated with Planctomycetes and positively correlated with Verrucomicrobia and Abditibacteriota. Cd was positively correlated with Planctomycetes and WPS-2. Pb was negatively correlated with Firmicutes and positively correlated with WS2. Analysis of the correlation between bacterial diversity and heavy metal content showed that Cu was significantly correlated with OTU, Ace, and Chao (p < 0.05). In summary, the diversity and community structure of moss rhizobia differed significantly under different levels of heavy metal contamination, and most moss rhizobia showed strong tolerance, and these bacteria may be a key factor in the remediation process of mine soils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on the mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of altered end-Guadalupian basaltic volcanoclastic rocks can increase the understanding of the alteration history of the overlying stratabound Nb(Ta)-Zr(Hf)-REY-Ga mineralization in the Late Permian coal-bearing sequences. In this paper, based on petrographic observations in addition to XRD, XRF, and ICP-MS analyses, we present and discuss in detail the relationships between primary and secondary minerals and outline the distribution of major and trace element chemistry in the middle/Late Permian basaltic volcaniclastics from the ELIP's zone, western Guizhou, southwest China. The primary clastic suite consists of plagioclase-group minerals, clinopyroxenes, feldspathoids, spinels, and basaltic glasses. Fragments of mafic and, less commonly, felsic and alkaline volcanic rocks are minor components of the studied samples. The alteration products are represented by various chlorite-group minerals (including abundant chamosite), quartz, calcite, albite, analcime, barite, and pyrite, along with relatively minor amounts of titanite, sanidine, magnetite, rutile, and copiapite. The mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of the studied volcaniclastics provide strong evidence correlating them with the high-Ti basalt group, widely distributed within the inner Emeishan large igneous province (ELIP) and coeval rift zone of the middle and outer ELIP. After deposition, the volcaniclastics reacted with complex solutions including heated meteoric waters and were periodically infiltrated by seawater and ascending hydrothermal fluids. As a result, the primary volcanic rocks partly lost alkalis, titanium, silica, and most of the trace elements. These elements, especially the incompatible elements, were probably enriched in the overlying tuffaceous and coal-bearing sequences in the middle and outer ELIP. • Primary and secondary minerals of Emeishan basaltic volcaniclastics were presented. • The volcaniclastics reacted with complex solutions from various sources. • The primary volcanic partly lost alkalis, Ti, Si, and most of the trace elements. • The lost elements were probably enriched in the overlying sediments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic-rich shale related uranium (U) mineralization has attracted widespread attention as a strategic and clean alternative to fossil energy and a paleoceanic redox proxy. A comprehensive study of mineralogy, organic geochemistry and elemental geochemistry of the lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation organic-rich shales in northeastern Guizhou, South China was conducted to address this issue. SEM-EDS results showed that the U occurrence state in the Niutitang Formation shales is dominated by nanoscale U minerals, mainly including coffinite, brannerite, U-bearing apatite and U-bearing xenotime. Various states of U are closely associated with organic matter, apatite, pyrite and clay minerals. Based on geochemical indexes, paleomarine condition and event deposition jointly drove the U enrichment in the Niutitang shales, in which hydrothermal activities and/or volcanic eruptions increased U fluxes in seawater and euxinic environment with high primary productivity provided a favorable condition for U reduction. The adsorption, complexation and reduction of UO 2 2+ by organic matter and the formation of uranyl phosphate complexes by the combination of phosphate and UO 2 2+ accelerated U immobilization and enrichment from bottom water to sediments. The microbial activities (e.g., BSR) in this process created favorable euxinic conditions and released inorganic-phase P to provide available ligands for UO 2 2+. The U enrichment models of the lower Cambrian Niutitang shales in northeastern Guizhou were established. This paper provides a new insight into the U enrichment mechanism in organic-rich shales, and may also have implications for the applicability of U as redox proxy and the exploration of organic-rich shale related U deposits. • The U occurrence states in Niutitang shales were studied through SEM-EDS. • Paleomarine condition and event deposition jointly drove the U enrichment. • Organic matter, phosphate and microbial participation accelerated the U enrichment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the acceleration of urbanization and industrialization, the land-use mode in mountainous areas has changed significantly, causing serious ecological destruction. Therefore, improving the efficiency of land-resource use in mountainous areas and enhancing ecological protection are important issues. This study focuses on typical mountainous areas in Guizhou Province to explore their significance not only for ecological restoration but also for sustainable socioeconomic development. In this study, we integrated the framework of the interaction between land-use transitions and landscape patterns and employed Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and a spatial bivariate model to reveal the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of landscape patterns and land-use transitions. The results showed that for 1990–2020, the cultivated, forest, and grassland areas decreased by −1353.66, −749.98 and − 541.72 km2 respectively, whereas the water area, urban, and other construction land increased by 799.69, 542.62, and 1230.90 km2, respectively. Moreover, the cultivated land areas converted into urban and other construction land were 358.03 and 661.77 km2 respectively, and the grassland areas converted into forest and other construction land were 3550.08 and 277.32 km2, respectively. Different land-use transitions presented rapid expansion and contraction characteristics, resulting in an increase in overall patch fragmentation, a decrease in uniformity, and an increase in irregular patches, which enhanced the spatial heterogeneity of diversity and complexity. Finally, the land-use transition effects on landscape patterns were primarily elevation, slope, and primary road facility factors. In-depth research on land-use transitional evolution and its impact on landscape patterns has important theoretical and practical value for formulating land-management policies and promoting sustainable development in mountainous areas. • This paper explores the relationship between land use and landscape pattern evolution based on natural and socioeconomic framework. • The process of land use transition has obvious influence on landscape pattern evolution. • Land use transition resulted in significant spatiotemporal heterogeneity of landscape pattern. • Land use management provides insights into landscape planning and ecological restoration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heavy metals (HMs) are often abnormally enriched in soils in geologically high background areas, posing a serious threat to the ecosystem and human health. However, the material origin of HMs in overlying soils is unclear. In this paper, we studied the accumulation control and formation process of HMs (Cd, Hg, As, Pb, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn) in soils overlying bedrock from different geological periods in a typical anticline structure area in southwest of Guizhou province. The results revealed that the content of HMs in the bedrock were ranked as Carboniferous carbonate rocks < Permian carbonate rocks < Triassic clastic rocks, while the opposite trend was observed for the HMs content in the overlying soil. The slopes of the EF-Q values of HMs in the soils overlying the Carboniferous, Permian, and Triassic rocks were 0.003, 0.007, and 0.83, respectively, which suggests that HMs enrichment or leaching was more complicated in the process of carbonate weathering soil-forming, whereas it was mainly in situ weathering during the process of clastic weathering soil-forming. The soils overlying the bedrock of the three geological periods experienced similar weathering processes and had the same source of soil-forming matrices, as it was observed that their Fe 2 O 3 -Al 2 O 3 , Hf-Zr, Nb-Ta, Th/Sc-Zr/Sc and Y/Ho-Y contents were significantly correlated (with R2 values of 0.80, 0.94, 0.72, 0.60, and 0.76, respectively) with very similar REE assignment patterns. The results corroborated the causes of the high background geological heterogeneity of HMs in the overlying soils in karst areas and supported the theory of the source of weathering soil-forming materials from carbonate rocks in karst areas. • Enrichment trends of HMs in soils overlying different geologic periods were opposite to those in bedrock. • Sources of HMs in soils of the study area are determined by both bedrock and anticline structure. • Leaching degree of HMs in carbonate rocks is greater than that in clastic rocks during soil-forming. • Accumulation of HMs in the soil is a residue of weathering of the in-situ bedrock and the limbs strata. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hydrogeological conditions of the Qianbei coalfield are complex, and karst water in the roof rock frequently disrupts mining operations, leading to frequent water inrush incidents. Taking the representative Longfeng Coal Mine as a case study, research was conducted on the development pattern of the water-conducting fracture zone and the water inrush mechanisms beneath karst aquifers. On the basis of key stratum theory and calculations of the stratum stretching rate, the karst aquifer in the Changxing Formation was identified as the primary key stratum. It was deduced that the water-conducting fracture zone would develop into the karst aquifer, indicating a risk of roof water inrush at the working face. Numerical simulations were used to study the stress field, displacement field, and plastic zone distribution patterns in the overlying roof strata. Combined with similar simulation tests and digital speckle experiments, the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of the water-conducting fracture zone were investigated. During the coal mining process, the water-conducting fracture zone will exhibit a "step-type" development characteristic, with the fracture morphology evolving from vertical to horizontal. Near the goaf boundary, the strain gradually decreases, and the instability of the primary key stratum significantly impacts the mining space below, leading to the closure of interlayer voids or the redistribution of water-conducting fissure patterns. Field measurements of the water-conducting fracture zone reveal that postmining roof fractures can be classified into tensile-shear, throughgoing, and discrete types, with decreasing water-conducting capacity in that order, the measured development height of the water-conducting fracture zone (51 m) aligns closely with the theoretical height (51.37 m) and the numerical simulation height (49.17 m). Finally, from the perspective of key stratum instability, the disaster mechanisms of dynamic water inrush and hydrostatic pressure water inrush beneath the karst aquifers in the northern Guizhou coalfield were revealed. The findings provide valuable insights for water prevention and control efforts in the Qianbei coalfield mining area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Different geographical zones have regional heterogeneity in underlying earth surface structure and microclimate which result in different evolution trends and their response to climate change varies in extreme rainfalls in these zones. In the Guizhou province of China, there are complex landforms, which lead to spatial redistribution of rainfall, frequent extreme rainfall, and disasters high risk of geologic disasters. Research on extreme climate in Guizhou mostly paid attention to its spatio-temporal characteristics and modeling, but lack of analysis on its characteristics of extreme rainfall variability and response to temperature changes under different subsurface conditions. This study investigated the characteristics of the extreme rainfall spatiotemporal and recurrence periods in Guizhou province and discussed the relationship between the response of extreme rainfall to temperature change. Daily rainfall data from 1990 to 2020 and 2021–2100 at 31 meteorological observation stations throughout the province were collected to calculate extreme precipitation. This research had the following results. (1) Both historical and future periods show an upward trend in extreme rainfall in Guizhou province, with a spatial distribution pattern of "high in the south and low in the north, high in the east and low in the west" and "high in the southeast and low in the northwest", respectively; the spatial distribution of extreme rainfall under each recurrence period is consistent with the non-recurrence period. (2) Both historical and future periods show an upward trend in temperature in Guizhou province, with a spatial distribution consistent with that of the extreme rainfall in the corresponding period. (3) The change in extreme rainfall intensity with increasing temperature is almost always greater than the C–C rate for different periods and underlying earth surface structure; Extreme rainfall has a Hook response structure to temperature change, and the climate response structure shifts to the right with climate warming. The results of the study can provide a basis for decision-making on regional disaster prevention and mitigation in the context of temperature change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on hourly precipitation observations, the diurnal variation in precipitation and its seasonal evolution over the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau (YGP) were analyzed. The results indicate that the seasonal variation in hourly rainfall in the western part of the YGP is unique. The rainfall reaches its hourly maximum during the late afternoon in spring (March–April) and during nighttime in summer (July–August), which contrasts with the pattern in most of eastern China. By further classifying the rainfall into short-duration (1–3 h) and long-duration (more than 6 h) events, the unique seasonal variations in the western YGP are found to mainly be comprised of short-duration rainfall. The long-duration rainfall shares similar diurnal peaks year-round for both the western and eastern parts of the YGP. The short-duration rainfall in the western part of the YGP shows a year-round afternoon peak, which is different from that of the eastern YGP, which peaks from midnight to early morning in spring and in the late afternoon in summer. The surface maximum daily temperature and low-level instabilities reach their annual maximum in spring over the western YGP and are also higher than in other parts of the YGP, together providing favorable conditions for convection to be triggered in spring afternoons over the western YGP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Notoginseng saponin R1; ginsenosides Rg1, Re, Rb1, and Rd; the sum of the five saponins; and underground-part fresh weight (UPFW) of single plants were used as quality evaluation indices for Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen (P. notoginseng). Comprehensive evaluation of P. notoginseng samples from 30 production areas was performed using that MaxEnt model. Spatial pattern changes in suitable P. notoginseng habitats were predicted for current and future periods (2050s, 2070s, and 2090s) using SSP126 and SSP585 models. The results revealed that temperature, precipitation, and solar radiation were important environmental variables. Suitable habitats were located mainly in Yunnan, Guizhou, and Sichuan Provinces. The distribution core of P. notoginseng is predicted to shift southeast in the future. The saponin content decreased from the southeast to the northwest of Yunnan Province, which was contrary to the UPFW trend. This study provides the necessary information for the protection and sustainable utilization of P. notoginseng resources, and a theoretical reference for its application in the quality evaluation of Chinese medicinal products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of coalbed methane (CBM) in China is susceptible to the influence of microstructure. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the extension laws of hydraulic fractures and engineering responses in coal reservoirs affected by microstructure development. Utilizing the Dahebian block in western Guizhou as the study area, this investigation examines the coal reservoir characteristics, fracturing, and drainage engineering analysis of the well DC1 group in the region. The aim is to discuss the spatial distribution characteristics of hydraulic fractures, geological controlling factors influenced by microstructure, and their corresponding engineering responses. The results indicate that, for coal reservoirs unaffected by microstructure, the extension laws of the fracture network in both longitudinal and planar directions are influenced by burial depth and the regional stress field. In the microstructural belt, tectonic stress dominates, causing changes in the ground stress field. Consequently, the hydraulic fracture network deviates from the direction of the maximum principal stress during the extension process. When a secondary fracture is nearby, the hydraulic fracture network extends towards the shortest path radial secondary fracture direction, leading to a rapid increase in fracture width per unit length until it intersects with the secondary fracture. Additionally, the presence of secondary joints near the microfault structure decreases fracturing pressure and results in a dense distribution of the fracture network. This promotes the formation of a complex fracture network, favorable for fracturing. The extension of the fracture network in complex structural development areas is influenced by the microfault structure between wells, which is reflected in the fracturing construction pressure and fluid output. This accounts for the significant variations in the early drainage performance of CBM wells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Yunnan‐Guizhou Plateau (YGP) is characterized by the distinctive isolated habitat of the limestone Karst Islands and features the Wumeng Mountains, which divide the YGP into the two Plateaus of Yunnan and Guizhou. This study aimed to assess the effects of geographic isolation and past climate fluctuation on the distribution of flora in the YGP. To achieve this, we carried out the phylogeographical pattern and genetic structure based on chloroplast and nuclear ribosomal DNA sequence in relation to past (Last Glacial Maximum) and present distributions based on ecological niche modeling for Morella nana, an important wild plant resource and endemic to the YGP once considered a vulnerable species. The results suggest that the genetic and chlorotype network structures of M. nana are divided into at least two groups: cpDNA chlorotype H2 (or dominant nrDNA haplotypes h1 and h2), distributed primarily to the east of the Wumeng Mountains, and cpDNA chlorotypes H1 and H3–H10 (or dominant nrDNA haplotype h2 and h3), distributed to the west of the Wumeng Mountains. A deep genetic split was noted within the two groups to reach 25 steps, especially for the cpDNA fragment variation. This east–west divergence reveals the existence of a natural geographical isolation boundary in the form of the Wumeng Mountains, and supports the existence of at least two glacial refuges during the Quaternary glacial period, along with two genetic diversity center, and at least two large geographic protection units for the important species of M. nana. This study indicates that the phylogeographical pattern of M. nana can be attributed to geographic/environmental isolation caused by the Wumeng Mountains and climate fluctuation during the last glacial maximum, and proposes an effective strategy to protecting this important plant resource. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fractures are widely distributed in karst areas, and when flow rates are high, they exhibit complex nonlinear behavior that cannot be accurately described by Darcy's law. In this work, a hydro-mechanical coupling model based on a discrete fracture network is proposed to predict tunnel water inflow, accounting for the impact of non-Darcy flow. The model's feasibility has been validated by comparing it with experimental results and the field measurements of flow rates at the Bodaoling Tunnel in Guizhou, China. The results show that Darcy flow tends to overestimate water inflow by approximately 25% compared to non-Darcy flow. The non-Darcy effect grows with the increase in initial fracture width and empirical constant q. When q exceeds 8.77 × 10−6, the growth rate of the Forchheimer number along the fracture width slowed down, and the inhibitory effect of non-Darcy flow on flow became gentle. Additionally, in a complex fracture network, the inflow rate limited by non-Darcy flow at one point drives the water flow through a connect fracture to another point, which increases the difficulty in water inflow prediction. This work highlights the importance of non-Darcy flow and fracture networks when accurately predicting water inflow in tunnels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydropower, an excellent power source for peak shaving, can respond quickly to load changes, which helps to overcome the anti-peak characteristics of wind and solar power. However, complementary operation with wind and solar power changes the operating boundaries of hydropower stations, making the original operating rules no longer applicable. Considering daily peak-shaving demands, this paper proposes a methodology to develop operating rules for a hydro–wind–solar hybrid system (HWSHS). First, a multi-objective and multi-timescale operation model is developed to ensure energy generation and peak-shaving performance simultaneously. Second, the feasible and reasonable region of available energy-based operating rules is analyzed, and three rule forms are employed to explore the optimal operating rules. Last, NSGA-II is utilized to optimize the rule parameters. A decoupling method is proposed to handle the shape constraints of operating rules, and the multi-timescale simulation method for a HWSHS is developed as the fitness function. In the simulation method, a load reconstruction-based load shedding (LRLS) method is introduced to determine the hourly output of each hydropower station. A forebay elevation check method is performed to obtain the hourly forebay elevation and correct the hourly output. The Beipan HWSHS in Guizhou Province, China, is selected as a case study, and the optimal operating rules are determined. The results also show that (1) the standard operating rules with hedging and packing increase peak-shaving performance by an average of 4.31% and 2.03% compared to the standard operating rules and linear operating rules, respectively; (2) the peak-shaving performance can be significantly increased (6.70%) with a slight decrease (0.37%) in the energy generation through changing the seasonal distribution of water and energy of the cascade hydropower stations; (3) the LRLS method, which makes the interday energy distribution more uniform, increases the peak-shaving performance by an average of 9.17% compared to the traditional load shedding method; (4) the energy generation and peak-shaving performance of the HWSHS are affected by the transmission capacity, and it is necessary to increase the transmission capacity by 25% to 35% of the installed capacity of wind and solar power stations. • A methodology is proposed to develop operating rules considering peak-shaving demands. • A multi-objective and multi-timescale operation model is developed. • The feasible and reasonable region of available energy-based operating rules is analyzed. • A multi-timescale simulation method is designed to simulate the operation of a HWSHS. • The methodology significantly improves the peak-shaving performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China, is characterized by its remarkable ethnical diversity, which necessitates whole genome variation data from multiple populations as crucial tools for advancing population genetics and precision medical research. However, there has been a scarcity of research concentrating on the whole genome of ethnic minority groups. To fill this gap, we developed the Guizhou Multi-ethnic Genome Database (GMGD). It comprises whole genome sequencing data from 476 healthy unrelated individuals spanning 11 ethnic minorities groups in Guizhou Province, Southwest China, including Bouyei, Dong, Miao, Yi, Bai, Gelo, Zhuang, Tujia, Yao, Hui, and Sui. The GMGD database comprises more than 16.33 million variants in GRCh38 and 16.20 million variants in GRCh37. Among these, approximately 11.9% (1,956,322) of the variants in GRCh38 and 18.5% (3,009,431) of the variants in GRCh37 are entirely new and do not exist in the dbSNP database. These novel variants shed light on the genetic diversity landscape across these populations, providing valuable insights with an average coverage of 5.5 ×. This makes GMGD the largest genome-wide database encompassing the most diverse ethnic groups to date. The GMGD interactive interface facilitates researchers with multi-dimensional mutation search methods and displays population frequency differences among global populations. Furthermore, GMGD is equipped with a genotype-imputation function, enabling enhanced capabilities for low-depth genomic research or targeted region capture studies. GMGD offers unique insights into the genomic variation landscape of different ethnic groups, which are freely accessible at https://db.cngb.org/pop/gmgd/. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A method was developed to identify and trace the geographic sources of Erigeron breviscapus using high-resolution mass spectrometry and chemometrics. The representative samples were collected from the geographic area of Honghe Dengzhanhua and other areas in Yunnan province and Guizhou province. The data points could be determined well using the PCA and PLS-DA diagram. A total of 46 characteristic compounds were identified from Honghe Dengzhanhua and within Guizhou province, but 37 compounds were different from Honghe Dengzhanhua and other counties in Yunnan province. Two biomarkers were found from three regions. Their structures were inferred as 8-amino-7-oxononanoic acid and 8-hydroxyquinoline, and they had the same molecular composition. This may suggest that a possible synthesis pathway can be proven in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose/Background: This study investigated the impact of Miao-themed souvenir toy design on promoting tourism in Guizhou, China. The culturally diverse province has an opportunity to leverage ethnic arts for tourism growth. Authentic representation of minority groups through creative mediums can attract visitor interest. Methods: A qualitative approach was used involving semi-structured interviews with Miao artisans who design souvenirs. Detailed interviews examined artistic processes and cultural representations in toys. Interview transcripts were analyzed using coding and thematic analysis. Findings: Interviews highlighted the cultural significance of toys for promoting both Miao heritage and local tourism. Artisans play a key role in authentically conveying minority culture through creative souvenirs. Culturally symbolic elements in toys resonate with tourists seeking an immersive experience. Conclusions: Findings demonstrate souvenir toy design as an avenue for boosting tourism while preserving ethnic arts in Guizhou. However, time limitations prevented thorough investigation of tourist preferences and trends influencing market success. Ongoing research is critically needed on optimizing cultural designs and effective promotion for visitor appeal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nine Pezizomycotina strains were isolated from rotten dead branches and leaves collected from Guizhou Province. To obtain their accurate taxonomic placement, we provided the morphological characteristics of conidiophore cells and conidia. Phylogenetic relationships, based on ITS , rpb2 , SSU , LSU and tub2 gene sequences, confirmed our strains represented three novel species, Peglionia falcata, Neoascochyta pseudofusiformis and Neomicrosphaeropsis cylindrica. Peglionia falcata produced falcate conidia and Neoa. pseudofusiformis generated fusiform conidia, while Neom. cylindrica possessed cylindrical conidia. The phylogenetic results also supported them as novel taxa. All the new species in the present study were found as saprophytic on forest litter with high rainfall, which suggest they may have a certain effect on nutrient decomposition and redistribution in forest ecosystems. Thus, it opened a way for further research on related ecological roles and their application production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zikui (Camellia sinensis cv. Zikui) is a recently discovered cultivar of local purple tea in Guizhou, China. It is a purple leaf bud mutation material of Meitan Taicha (Camellia sinensis cv. 'Meitan-taicha') 'N61' strain, which is an important local germplasm resource in Guizhou. It is also a model plant for the study of anthocyanins, but the limited germplasm resources and the limitation of traditional reproduction hinder its application. Here, an efficient regeneration system is established by using hypocotyl as explants for the first time. Different plant growth regulators (PGRs) are evaluated during different regeneration processes including callus and root induction. According to our findings, using the optimal disinfection conditions, the seed embryo contamination rate is 17.58%. Additionally, the mortality rate is 9.69%, while the survival rate is measured as 72.73%. Moreover, the highest germination rate of 93.64% is observed under MS + 2.40 mg/L GA3 medium conditions. The optimal callus induction rate is 95.19%, while the optimal adventitious bud differentiation rate is 20.74%, Medium with 1.6 mg/L IBA achieved 68.6% rooting of the adventitious shoots. The survival rate is more than 65% after 6 days growth in the cultivated matrix. In summary, our research aims to establish a regeneration system for Zikui tea plants and design a transformation system for tea plant tissue seedlings. This will enable transfer of the target gene and ultimately facilitate the cultivation of new tea varieties with unique characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The adverse effects of antimony (Sb) pollution on ecosystems and human health caused by its use, enrichment, and bioaccumulation have become global environmental problems, particularly in China. Based on a scientometric analysis of the research topics and evolution of Sb pollution, 210 peer-reviewed articles across 264 locations in China were selected to analyze Sb concentrations, changes, and risks in different environments (i.e., soil, sediment, and water). Substantially elevated concentrations were reported in the chosen environments throughout the studied literature, with approximately 36.6%, 41.3% and 20.8% of the soil, water and sediment sampling sites, respectively, exceeding the national and international guidelines. Although Sb concentrations were stable in water and sediment, those in soil slightly increased slightly over the past two decades. The majority of studies and the highest Sb concentrations were typically concentrated in Hunan, Guangxi, and Guizhou, where most Sb deposits and intensive mining and smelting activities are concentrated. A temporal analysis over three crucial periods of the Sb industry further indicated that Sb concentrations and pollution had increased in several provinces in recent years. The estimated risk quotient, using Monte Carlo simulations, indicated that species were markedly affected by Sb contamination, with 21.6% of events occurring in the high-risk category. The ingestion of contaminated soils posed the highest potential health risk to the population, with 47.9% of the events indicated to represent at least a low risk. Risks of water ingestion were estimated to exist in 4.9% of the simulated exposure events. More environmental campaigns for Sb pollution control are urgently needed, especially in Sb hotspots, to reduce environmental pressure and avoid direct and indirect hazards to organisms and populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change significantly impacts the livelihoods of farmer households. Particularly vulnerable areas, both economically and environmentally, face significant threats from climate change. This study developed a framework to assess household-level vulnerability to climate change by integrating the Exposure-Sensitivity-Resilience Analysis (ESRA) and Sustainable Livelihoods Analysis (SLA) frameworks. Using Gui-Zhou Province as the study area, the study examined whether livelihood vulnerability differs among various types of farmer households in economically and environmentally vulnerable areas and identified the main factors contributing to vulnerability. Results indicate significant differences in livelihood vulnerability among the three household types, with pure agricultural households (PAH) being the most vulnerable due to high exposure, sensitivity, and low adaptive capacity. Further analysis revealed minor differences in sensitivity but significant differences in adaptive capacity among the three farmer categories. In terms of sensitivity, all three farmer household categories exhibit high sensitivity to water, housing, and agricultural production. Regarding adaptive capacity, significant differences in human and financial capital exist among the three household types, with off-farm households (OFH) possessing the highest adaptive capacity due to their substantial human and financial capital. Further research identified high exposure and low adaptive capacity as the primary causes of livelihood vulnerability, noting no significant difference in the main contributing factors among the three types of farmer households. Common factors contributing to the livelihood vulnerability of farmer households include agricultural cooperatives, labor capacity, temperature changes, drought frequency changes, precipitation changes, agricultural insurance, and losses in agricultural production. Overall, the proposed livelihood vulnerability framework offers guidance for analyzing the vulnerability of farmer households in areas with both economic and environmental vulnerabilities under climate change. Concurrently, tailored measures to reduce farmer households' livelihood vulnerability should be developed for different household types, considering the local climatic, geographic, and socioeconomic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) is adept at overcoming resistance in wheat cultivars, through variations in virulence in the western provinces of China. To apply disease management strategies, it is essential to understand the temporal and spatial dynamics of Pst populations. This study aimed to evaluate the virulence and molecular diversity of 84 old Pst isolates, in comparison to 59 newer ones. By using 19 Chinese wheat differentials, we identified 98 pathotypes, showing virulence complexity ranging from 0 to 16. Associations between 23 Yr gene pairs showed linkage disequilibrium and have the potential for gene pyramiding. The new Pst isolates had a higher number of polymorphic alleles (1.97), while the older isolates had a slightly higher number of effective alleles, Shannon's information, and diversity. The Gansu Pst population had the highest diversity (uh = 0.35), while the Guizhou population was the least diverse. Analysis of molecular variance revealed that 94% of the observed variation occurred within Pst populations across the four provinces, while 6% was attributed to differences among populations. Overall, Pst populations displayed a higher pathotypic diversity of H > 2.5 and a genotypic diversity of 96%. This underscores the need to develop gene-pyramided cultivars to enhance the durability of resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]