Search

This paper tracks the regulation of the border crossings of pigs and people in and out of Denmark. By bringing together pig and human unborn life, fully fledged bodies, and genomes, I direct analytical attention to the governance of entangled living things. Where existing scholarship has unravelled how central animal-based institutions build up the nation, I investigate how pig–human entanglements at biological, spatial, and genomic margins make the nation. First, I examine how pig breeding and human reproductive policies regulate the biological 'borders' through which pigs and humans may enter the Danish nation. Second, I scrutinise how wild boar fences and human immigration policies regulate the entrance of pigs and human migrants at the Danish geographical borders. Third, I examine how scientific, political, and financial investments into precision medicine shape the genomic 'borders' regulating the containment and movement of pig and human genomes. I argue that the intertwined processes of selection and care are at the centre of administering the entry points to Denmark. In the Danish context, selecting pig and human lives at these various 'borders' is conceptually linked to securing universal care and a high level of equality for humans already belonging within the nation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This systematic literature search aims at mapping all currently available Person-Centered & Experiential (PCE) literature in Danish language and is part of an effort to strengthen the PCE-tradition in Denmark. The methodological approach in this literature search consisted of three phases: 1) The collecting phase was based on known literature by Danish PCE-experts as well as a systematic literature search in the Royal Danish library database using PCE-keywords and known author names. 2) The sorting phase was based on using inclusion and exclusion criteria. 3) The reporting phase consists of this paper, a presentation at the PCE2022 conference and publishing the results online and in . The result of the systematic literature search was a total of 144 Danish PCE-literature references distributed on the four sub-categories: 1) PCE-literature by Danish authors (47 references), 2) PCE-literature translations (25 references), 3) humanistic literature by Danish authors (33 references), and 4) humanistic literature translations (39 references). Literature by motivational interviewing is most common with person-centered approach and emotion-focused therapy (EFT) next in line. The discussion covers the status of motivational interviewing among PCE-therapies, the general lack of Danish PCE-literature, and a call for more translations into Danish of major PCE-literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• We explore the role of monetary, fiscal and income policies in the face of exogenous inflationary shocks in an empirical stock-flow consistent model while using Denmark as a case study. • We find that a contractionary monetary policy can lead to a modest reduction in inflation at the cost of further contracting the economy. • We find that a close coordination of fiscal and income policies can help reduce the effects of adverse shocks to income without increasing inflation. • We explore the dynamics of public debt, find that of all the policies implemented, monetary policy has the most dramatic effects on public debt sustainability. This paper provides an assessment of the different channels through which monetary, fiscal and income policies affect prices and output in a small open economy and discuss which policy measures are effective and feasible in the face of inflationary shocks. We build a stock-flow-consistent model using sectoral data for Denmark. We then replicate the inflationary environment faced by Denmark and several other countries after the Covid-19 crisis. While taking monetary tightening as a forced policy response for a small open economy with fixed exchange rate, we explore a number of policies that, within the current institutional and legal framework, can potentially mitigate the effects of inflation. Our conclusion is that a close coordination of fiscal and income policies can help reduce the effects of adverse shocks to income without increasing inflation. Furthermore, we find that of all the policies implemented, monetary policy has the most dramatic effects on public debt sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This paper describes the design of the 'Move More' study, which aims to develop and assess the feasibility of a social-prescribing intervention to increase physical activity among physically inactive Danes. Background: Physical inactivity constitutes a public-health challenge in Denmark. Social prescribing may be a promising tool to tackle physical inactivity by linking physical activity support from general practitioners with community-based activities in sports clubs, as this may help physically inactive citizens become more physically active. Given the range of stakeholders and behaviours required for social prescribing of physical activity, an intervention that harnesses this approach may constitute a complex intervention. The methods and decisions made in the stages of developing complex interventions are seldom reported. The present study enabled us to describe how co-creation can be used in a pragmatic development process for a complex intervention that considers the needs of stakeholders and the conditions of the delivery context. Methods: The study is based on the core elements of the development and feasibility phases of the Medical Research Council Framework for Developing and Evaluating Complex Interventions. Additionally, it is informed by a framework for the co-creation and prototyping of public-health interventions, drawing from a scoping review, stakeholder consultations and co-creation workshops. Ultimately, a feasibility study will be conducted to refine the programme theory by introducing the proposed intervention in case studies. Perspectives: The study will result in a prototype intervention manual and recommendations for implementation of an adapted social-prescribing intervention targeting physical inactivity in Denmark. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We survey the literature on the effects of increased transparency of gender segregated wages on the pay gap between men and women in comparable jobs. Pay transparency is promoted by countries and supra‐national institutions and we categorize reforms according to their content and coverage. A growing number of papers have used variations of difference‐in‐difference estimation methods to analyze the impact of reforms on the gender pay gap (GPG), and from these we extract four main findings: First, reform‐based studies find that pay transparency reforms reduce the GPG in all countries but one, which finds no effect. Second, in Canada, Denmark and the UK, the reduction in the GPG from transparency reforms originate from a reduction in the growth rate of male income and less from an increase in women's pay. Third, there is fragmented evidence for the impact of transparency reforms on other labor outcomes and firm productivity. Fourth, the monetary implementation cost of transparency reforms is, in general, small both for individual firms and public administration. These finding are consistent with the notion that gender wage transparency reforms are an effective policy tool to reduce the GPG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: This paper explores green volunteering in Denmark from the perspective of nature managers in municipalities and state nature agencies. The aim is to explore and establish, for the first time, an understanding of the nature and extent of volunteering in Danish nature management from a mosaic governance perspective. Objective: The objective was to understand how patterns of volunteerism in Denmark align with the theoretical planning of mosaic governance. Method: The study employed a questionnaire survey, conducted in 2018, covering all Danish municipalities and Nature Agency units designed to investigate topics such as: the extent of volunteering, the types of volunteers, the areas and tasks the volunteers engage in, and the benefits and challenges of the collaboration. Results: Our results show that nature managers collaborate with a variety of volunteers, involved in maintenance, construction and operation activities in both urban and rural areas. Most projects are bottom-up initiatives started by volunteers. The main reason for engaging volunteers is to acknowledge volunteers' enthusiasm and heighten their interest in nature, although the engagement of volunteers can be time-consuming. In most municipalities, engaging volunteers is not formalized through strategies. It is handled as an "add-on" to an already demanding work burden. Conclusions: There is considerable variation in the way municipalities and the Nature Agency units engage volunteers. Some embrace volunteering, while others are skeptical about it. The engagement of volunteers supports nature that is both more accessible and better managed. Further, volunteerism increases the number of outdoor recreation facilities by supplementing the capacity of baseline nature management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the waste streams from the production of hydrogen energy carriers from PtX technology and identify how they can be valorized by applying a symbiotic approach to enable greater utilization of the inputs and outputs from such plants. Various electrolysis development projects are under development or in the pipeline in Europe and Denmark, but in many cases, it is not clear how waste streams are emphasized and valued in these projects. Thus, three exploratory case studies (a city, a rural, and an energy hub case) were investigated herein exemplifying state-of-the-art electrolysis projects currently being deployed, with a focus on identifying how and to what extent waste streams are being valorized in these projects and energy system integration is being pursued. Inspired by the industrial symbiosis literature, we analyzed how internal, regional, and long-distance symbiotic collaboration is realized within these cases and found them to be very different in terms of the energy carrier produced, the current development stage, and the access to appropriate energy infrastructure. This paper concludes that the co-location of PtX technology near biogas plants would provide a great opportunity for the integration of the produced energy carriers and waste streams into the existing energy system and, hence, could assist in stabilizing fluctuating renewable energy sources to enable their more efficient use in the energy system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Hydrogeology Journal is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: Identification of patients at high risk of aggressive prostate cancer is a major clinical challenge. With the view of developing artificial intelligence-based methods for identification of these patients, we are constructing a comprehensive clinical database including 7448 prostate cancer (PCa) Danish patients. In this paper we provide an epidemiological description and patients' trajectories of this retrospective observational population, to contribute to the understanding of the characteristics and pathways of PCa patients in Denmark. Results: Individuals receiving a PCa diagnosis during 2008–2014 in Region Southern Denmark were identified, and all diagnoses, operations, investigations, and biochemistry analyses, from 4 years prior, to 5 years after PCa diagnosis were obtained. About 85.1% were not diagnosed with metastatic PCa during the study period (unaggressive PCa); 9.2% were simultaneously diagnosed with PCa and metastasis (aggressive-advanced PCa), while 5.7% were not diagnosed with metastatic PCa at first, but they were diagnosed with metastasis at some point during the 5 years follow-up (aggressive-not advanced PCa). Patients with unaggressive PCa had more clinical investigations directly related to PCa detection (prostate ultrasounds and biopsies) during the 4 years prior to PCa diagnosis, compared to patients with aggressive PCa, which may have contributed to the early detection of PCa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the Scandinavian countries, reablement has become a principle permeating all parts of elderly care, hence potentially transforming care and care work. This article explores the advent of new knowledge paradigms and practices of physiotherapists and occupational therapists transforming reabling care in particular ways, leading to what we term a logic of training emerging in the field. These professional groups have obtained a dominant position as reablement specialists in Norway and Denmark, where our extensive fieldwork was performed as part of a 3‐year research project. Taking inspiration from Annemarie Mol's concept of logic, we study how professional practices are organised and infused with specific values, meanings and ideals in situated contexts. We hence explore the logic of training, its abstracted image of the body and rational goal‐oriented model for progress measurement and its ramifications when addressing ageing bodies in a complex field marked by the unpredictabilities of the social and lived bodies, administrative rules and temporalities and the quest for empowering and involving clients. The paper concludes by pointing at new contradictions arising when practicing reabling care and particularly points out the tensions arising in care relations, where ambitions on empowering and disciplining the client and the elderly body may collide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper puts the spotlight on the discursive practices by which politicians, interest group representatives, and other influential public figures in effect promote climate inaction by conveying confidence in technological innovation. Data consist of policy debates on prominent public service television in Denmark. The study uses Discursive Psychology to examine how references to technological innovation are: (i) sequentially invoked as the solution to problematization of policies that allow high levels of emissions; (ii) grammatically designed to highlight the force of technological innovation; and (iii) rhetorically produced to support a subjective contrast between a pessimist and an optimist outlook. Overall, the study finds that invocation of technological optimism constitutes a 'ready answer' to communicative challenges that emerge during the debates, which effectively justifies inaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Second homes are essential resources for tourism and recreation. Climate change is projected to transform tourism geographies and threaten economic and recreational activities. Based on building and housing register data and national models for climate change hazards, this paper investigates whether second homes in Denmark are potentially affected. Five different hazards are used to describe climate risk based on the RCP8.5 scenario: sea level rise, storm surge events, coastal erosion, flooding from watercourses, and terrestrial groundwater. It is estimated that between 2020 and 2070 a significant number of second homes will potentially be affected by one or more of these hazards, with terrestrial groundwater being the most frequent. GIS-analysis shows the detailed geographical distribution of the affected second homes, while regional grouping highlights the most affected regions. A compound risk analysis demonstrates that a significant proportion (approximately 25%) of the Danish second homes will be affected by either one or more hazards. The analysis thereby highlights how amenity rich geographies are threatened by climate change, which could cause these areas to become risk prone. This provides a background for discussing the implications for land use policy of transforming geographies. The article highlights a need for strategic planning and active engagement with second to protect the recreational potential of second homes and local economies in coastal zones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we analyse how the colonial spectrality of the George Floyd video translocalises from the United States to Denmark to form heritage assemblages of solidarity, removal and repression that re-vitalize the colonial past and anti-racist protests in contemporary contexts. Through our analysis, we unfold the affective capacities of the Floyd video and its memetic mutations that mobilize publics against asymmetries inherited from colonialism and invent new forms of activism. We show that while protester tactics following Floyd demonstrate a reflexive distribution of subjectivities and positionalities, minority voices and efforts to remove symbols of colonialism are condemned and suppressed in Denmark. Our main contribution is to include digital media into heritage assemblages as an affective device. A second contribution is presenting digital epidemiography as an affective methodology to remotely study transient and unpredictable global events, through an analysis of digital traces found on the internet. A third contribution is the knowledge of how post-Floyd heritage assemblages in Denmark position this Scandinavian country as a former colonizer in the decolonial turn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Internationally, politicians and practitioners have focused strongly on humanization of births, to enable fewer medicalized birth care procedures. In this paper, we explore policy efforts to support better births in order to comprehend developments in maternity care in Denmark and France, two countries previously identified as having different birth cultures. Our analysis has been fueled by the question of how birth policies have developed in both countries in an era in which medicalization of birth has been problematized internationally. Using discourse analysis, we examine the political constructions of specific problems in central policy documents. The analysis shows which problematizations around maternity care are discursively constructed, what solutions are discursively presented and on what assumptions the problematizations are based. The article supports the conclusion of other scholars that a pervading risk discourse on birth and birthing bodies constitutes how maternity care can be experienced and practiced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This qualitative study examines the factors that facilitate or inhibit the academic identity development of four Vietnamese doctoral students in Denmark. Using the combination of Genetic method and Activity theory, the paper provides insights into the participants' experiences of becoming and being an academic, which is context-dependent and personal. The findings suggest that the sense of being academics was strengthened when doctoral students were empowered by their supervisors, and other members of the academic community validated their membership. The students also enacted their agency to move beyond the student role and establish a confirmed academic identity, though there were situations when their agency did not lead to desirable outcomes. The study is one among a few that incorporated the personal life history of doctoral students to examine their academic identity development, arguing for its inclusion to have a comprehensive picture of students' learning and the process of becoming an academic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Denmark, many illegalised migrants are subjected to open-ended detention at 'departure centres.' Based on qualitative data collected during 2017-2022, this article examines instances where detention leads to the separation of mixed-immigration status families. Drawing on concepts of deportability, detainability and in/visibility, the article argues that departure centres constitute a border spectacle that simultaneously renders people hyper-visible as 'illegal,' unattached individuals about to depart and invisibilises them as parents and spouses. The analysis shows that detention in departure centres disturbs rather than interrupts intimate relations, and enables mixed-status families to resist separation through tactics of travelling on, moving nearby, or commuting. These tactics produced by the return system increase the vulnerability of illegalised migrants and amplify the pain of deportability. In this paper, I propose the term 'pathopolitics' to enable the description and analysis of the power directed at illegalised refugees and migrants in and beyond Denmark. I argue that the practise of separating families should be understood as one of several pathopolitical power techniques used to induce return. This practise works through temporal and spatial measures and inflicts high human costs on illegalised migrants and their families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Health systems internationally face demands to deliver care that is better coordinated and integrated. The health system financing and delivery model may go some, but not all the way in explaining health system fragmentation. In this paper, we consider the road to care integration in two countries with Beveridge style health systems, England and Denmark, that are both ranked as highly Integrated systems in Toth's health integration index. We use the SELFIE framework to compare the policies and reforms that have affected care integration over the past 30 years in the two countries. The countries both started their reform path by reforming to introduce choice and competition, but did so in different ways that set them on different pathways. Nevertheless, after two decades, the countries ended the period with largely similar structures that emphasised the creation of a cross-sectoral governance structure. In the relatively centralised England, by introducing decentralised Integrated Care Systems, and in the relatively decentralised Denmark with a centralising element in the form of new Health Clusters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The number of co-hosted sports events has significantly increased in recent years. In view of society's changing expectations for more sustainability, greater consideration of social concerns and an increasingly critical analysis of sports events, this research paper explores the social value of co-hosted sports events. A mixed-method design was employed. For exploratory study one, 23 semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted with senior managers involved in seven different co-hosted sports events. To test findings from study one, 561 spectators of the Men's Handball World Championship in Denmark and Germany were surveyed. Structural equation modelling was used to test the hypotheses derived from study one. Co-hosted sports events provide great opportunities for generating different kinds of social value. However, the event organisers are not fully aware of this potential and have no strategy in place to take advantage of it. One of the preconditions for leveraging a co-hosted sports event for (social) value is that people perceive the event as one event. This significantly increases the perceived event benefits as well as consumer support for the event. This study extends the knowledge of the management of co-hosted sports events and identifies specific features for delivering (social) value through co-hosted sports events. It is strongly recommended that event organisers develop and implement a social leveraging plan and pay attention to a common and uniform presentation of the event. Policymakers should reconsider the promotion of and subsidies for co-hosted sports events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible summary: What is known on the subject?: Frontline forensic mental health staff often face challenges when providing recovery‐orientated care, as they must balance between caring for the forensic psychiatric patient and at the same time ensuring safety and security for all other patients and staff at the ward.Research shows that balancing between care and custody in everyday clinical practice is possible, but more practical nursing studies showing ways of balancing power relations are needed to guide clinical practice.Online video games are increasingly recognized as promising new tools to promote social relations, establish competencies and re‐articulate power relations in therapeutic environments. What the paper adds to existing knowledge?: This paper provides insights into how using online video gaming interventions may influence the establishment of social power relations of staff and forensic psychiatric patients. It adds to existing research by providing a conceptual way to study and understand how mental health nurses may balance between care and custody, delivering care to accommodate patients' needs without compromising safety and security at the ward.This study answers a call in current research by providing qualified knowledge regarding the use of online video gaming to build and sustain therapeutic relations in mental health care. What are the implications for practice?: Our paper suggests that balancing between care and custody is possible by using online video gaming interventions in forensic psychiatry. It moreover provides practice‐close knowledge that may inspire and guide clinical mental health nurses to further develop online video gaming interventions in mental health care for the benefit of their patients. Introduction: In recovery‐oriented care, forensic psychiatric nurses must engage in care relationships with forensic psychiatric patients (FPs) whilst focussing on ward security. Online video games (OVGs) may provide a platform for negotiating power and social relations. Studies showing how OVG interventions may influence power balances in forensic psychiatric care are needed to guide clinical practice. Aim: Our aim was to study how power relations were articulated between FPs and staff in an OVG intervention in a Danish forensic psychiatric ward. Method: Data consist of three months of observational data and interviews with three staff members and six patients. We used sociologist Pierre Bourdieu's framework of field, power and capital to analyze data. Results: The OVG intervention consisted of two power fields, "in‐game" and "over‐game." In‐game concerned the practice of gaming. Over‐game described the organization of the gaming intervention. Specific logics, skills and symbolic capitals drove power in each field. Discussion: Power in‐game was open to FPs and staff, leading to symmetric power relations. Power over‐game was open to staff only, resulting in asymmetrical power relations. Implications for practice: Online video game interventions may facilitate power balancing in forensic psychiatry. These insights may guide the development of new OVG interventions for patients and nurses in mental health care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grey literature complementing evidence from common scientific sources, such as journals, may serve to provide a broader range of evidence, fill in commercial literature gaps and reduce publication bias in research. However, grey literature from legal sources has been used only to a limited extent in forensic mental health research. In this paper, we presented the newly established Danish Court Case Database in the light of forensic mental health. A systematic review was conducted and 15 cases focusing on forensic mental health issues were identified. The cases contained information about indictment, explanations and testimonies and also the court's decision and underlying reasoning. The different included case types provided a broad range of information about current issues in forensic mental health regulation and the interpretation of Danish law. The database is thus a relevant grey source in forensic research. However, this paper also demonstrated that the database may be improved in terms of its current coverage and ease of use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explore the expectations of and possible tensions in school leadership regarding the implementation of the 2014 Danish school reform and, by extension, to address emerging perspectives linking school leadership, learning and well-being. Design/methodology/approach: An analysis of central policy documents in the reform as well as research reports examining the role of leadership in the implementation of the reform offers insights into the new expectations of and tensions in school leadership. Drawing on theories of school leadership, the analysis highlights the various forms and aspects of school leadership that are at play in the reform. Findings: The analysis identifies expectations regarding school leadership, ranging from aspects of strategic leadership that focus on management by objectives and results to aspects that are closer to teaching, such as curriculum and instructional leadership. It furthermore highlights barriers with regard to realizing policy intentions of strengthening instructional leadership, such as encroaching upon pedagogical and curriculum leadership, which have traditionally been the domain of teachers. Meanwhile, the kind of leadership that can be practiced through data-based management by objectives and results seems to have been perceived as a more viable approach in the implementation of the reform. Research limitations/implications: The papers' theoretical and empirical foundation is rooted in Danish and Scandinavian perspectives on schooling, and thus the generalizability of the findings may be limited to countries with similar perspectives or "packages of expectations" on linking school leadership, learning and well-being. Originality/value: The paper provides an original contribution through its engagement with the tensions inherent in the specific "package of expectations" and new demands on school leadership in the 2014 school reform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Welfare state bureaucracies the world over have adopted far-reaching digitalisation reforms in recent years. From the deployment of AI in service management, to the 'opening up' of administrative datasets, digitalisation initiatives have uprooted established modes of public sector organisation and administration. And, as this paper suggests, they have also fundamentally transformed the political economy of the welfare state. Through a case study of Danish reforms between 2002 and 2019, the analysis finds that public sector digitalisation has entailed the transfer of responsibility for key infrastructure to private actors. Reforms in Denmark have not only been pursued in the name of public sector improvement and efficiency. A principal objective of public sector digitalisation has rather been the growth of Denmark's nascent digital technology industries as part of the state's wider export-led growth strategy, adopted in response to functional pressures on the welfare state model. The attempt to deliver fiscal stability in this way has, paradoxically, produced retrenchment of critical assets and capabilities. The paper's findings hold important implications for states embarking on public sector digitalisation reforms, as well as possibilities for future research on how states can harness technological progress in the interests of citizens – without hollowing out in the process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Groundwater is an important water resource that accounts for 30% of the world's freshwater. 97% of this extracted groundwater is for drinking and human use. Due to anthropogenic activities, this resource is affected and, consequently, its life cycle is modified, changing its natural state. This paper aims to analyse the scientific production that deals with the study of groundwater's Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), using bibliometric methods. Thus, it contributes to the evolution of knowledge of this resource in terms of its use (environmental, economic and social). The methodological process includes: (i) selection and analysis of search topics in the Scopus and Web of Science (WoS) databases; (ii) application of Bibliometrix and Visualisation of Similarity Viewer (VOSviewer) software to the data collected; (iii) scientific structure of the relation of the topics groundwater and life cycle, considering programme lines and relations in their sub-themes; (iv) literature review of Author keywords. A total of 780 papers were selected, 306 being from Scopus, 158 from WoS and 316 published in both databases. The time evolution of the analysed data (publications) indicates that groundwater LCA studies have seen exponential growth (between 1983 and 2021). In addition, it has three development periods: introduction (years between 1983 and 2001), growth (between 2002 and 2011) and maturation (between 2012 and 2021). At the country level (origin of contributions authors), the USA dominates the total scientific production with 24.7%, followed by Denmark with 12.8% and 10.3% for China. Among the main topics of study associated with LCA are those focused on: the proposal of remediation methods, the application and development of technologies and the use of water resources by the urban community. This study allows establishing new trends in agricultural development issues about irrigation efficiency, wastewater reuse, mining and treatment, climate change in a circular economy scheme related to sustainability and life cycle assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Several studies suggest that deviations from proper authorship practices are commonplace in medicine. The aim of this study was to explore experiences of and attitudes towards the handling of authorship in PhD theses at medical faculties in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. Methods: Those who defended their PhD thesis at a medical faculty in Scandinavia during the second half of 2020 were offered, by e-mail, to participate in an online survey. Survey questions dealt with experiences of violations of the first three of the ICMJE authorship criteria and misuse of authorship order in the thesis articles, as well as respondents' attitudes to these matters. Both questions with fixed response alternatives and questions with free-text responses were used. Quantitative data were analysed statistically using the Table functions in SPSS 25 and Chi-2 tests. Free-text responses were analysed qualitatively using manifest content analysis. Results: 287 valid questionnaires were returned (response rate: 34.1%). Almost half (46.0%) of the respondents reported that the ICMJE authorship criteria were not fully respected in at least one of the papers in their thesis, while a vast majority (96.7%) found it important that authorship is handled according to the ICMJE authorship criteria. 24.4% reported inadequate handling of authorship order in at least one paper. The qualitative results provide a wide spectrum of examples of how the ICMJE authorship criteria are circumvented. Conclusion: Despite increasing educational efforts to reduce deviations from good research practice at Scandinavian universities, the handling of authorship in medical papers remains problematic.

How parents spend time with their children, what they teach their children and how they raise them in the early years have again become topics of policymaking and public debate. There is an intensive discussion about parental involvement in early childhood education and care (ECEC). The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development's Starting Strong series provides ECEC policy guidelines for national governments that include guides for parental involvement. With inspiration from the sociocultural policy approach, this paper suggests that there has been a shift in the Starting Strong series from underlining policy ideals for parental partnership to focussing on the learning environment. This paper examines how these transnational ideals (re)appear, transform and shift in the ECEC policy documents released in the first two decades of the 21st century in two Nordic countries: Denmark and Finland. Both Nordic countries have been involved in the Starting Strong series since the turn of the millennium. The paper also outlines how transnational ideals have become entangled in policy documents in these Nordic contexts in varied ways and how parental involvement is politicised across each of the two countries. We argue that this politicisation not only marks an intensification in parenting but also attempts to institutionalise the ECEC--family relationship, implying that the parent as well as the child must be enlightened. Thus, we seek to question the process of problematising the parent and the child's home in the policies and to enable new thinking and action to address this issue.

Gender stereotypes in the natural sciences may discourage girls from pursuing STEM fields, thus contributing to the differential STEM pathways of males and females. This paper exploits quasi-experimental data from a vignette study to investigate teachers' gender bias in STEM at the transition to upper secondary school in Denmark--a key stage in students' educational trajectories. I investigate if teachers have a higher probability of recommending a STEM track to a (vignette) male student compared with a (vignette) female student and if teachers' STEM recommendations interact with their demographic characteristics. Results show that, while there is a gender gap of 10 percentage points in the likelihood of being recommended a STEM track, the difference is not statistically significant. Furthermore, teachers' gender bias is influenced by the teacher's own gender and cultural capital. Consequently, the paper shows that teachers' gender bias varies with teachers' demographic characteristics and teachers with high levels of cultural capital can push back against gender stereotypes in STEM.

This paper explores the professionalisation and performance aspects of Airbnb hosts in rural regions in Denmark, Iceland, and Norway. More specifically, based upon the professionalisation of hosts, which represents a proxy for the scale of their entrepreneurial engagement, the host landscape in the rural regions is investigated, resulting in different host profiles, including individual single- and multiple-listing hosts, and small and large tourism companies. The paper subsequently estimates the service quality performance of Airbnb hosts in relation to their professionalisation in rural regions through a u-shaped relationship, with the professionalisation influencing the performance evaluation of the hosts by the users. This twofold empirical analysis amends the extant literature, as it provides both a more nuanced and more comprehensive description of the nature and scale of Airbnb host engagement in rural regions, and points to the vast entrepreneurial opportunities for private households and companies on the platform. • Airbnb hosts in rural regions attract new travellers and amend a "thin" accommodation infrastructure. • This paper explores Airbnb host profiles in rural regions through a professionalisation-performance relationship. • The study finds multiple host profiles: individual (single- and multiple-listing) and commercial hosts (small and large tourist companies). • Individual hosts are important for a high service quality for Airbnb guests in rural regions, commercial hosts receive lower performance values by guests. • The different profiles point to various opportunities for private households and local businesses on Airbnb in rural regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Insect fossils dating 55 million-years-old from the Stolleklint Clay and Fur Formation of Denmark are known to preserve both fine morphological details and color patterns. To enhance our understanding on how such fragile animals are retained in the fossil record, we examined a pair of beetle elytra, a wasp and a damselfly using sensitive analytical techniques. In our paper, we demonstrate that all three insect fossils are composed of cuticular remains (that is, traces of the exoskeleton) that, in turn, are dominated by the natural pigment eumelanin. In addition, the beetle elytra show evidence of a delicate lamellar structure comparable to multilayered reflectors that produce metallic hues in modern insects. Our results contribute to improved knowledge on the process of fossilization of insect body fossils in marine environments. Marine sediments of the lowermost Eocene Stolleklint Clay and Fur Formation of north-western Denmark have yielded abundant well-preserved insects. However, despite a long history of research, in-depth information pertaining to preservational modes and taphonomic pathways of these exceptional animal fossils remains scarce. In this paper, we use a combination of scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) to assess the ultrastructural and molecular composition of three insect fossils: a wasp (Hymenoptera), a damselfly (Odonata) and a pair of beetle elytra (Coleoptera). Our analyses show that all specimens are preserved as organic remnants that originate from the exoskeleton, with the elytra displaying a greater level of morphological fidelity than the other fossils. TEM analysis of the elytra revealed minute features, including a multilayered epicuticle comparable to those nanostructures that generate metallic colors in modern insects. Additionally, ToF-SIMS analyses provided spectral evidence for chemical residues of the pigment eumelanin as part of the cuticular remains. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first occasion where both structural colors and chemical traces of an endogenous pigment have been documented in a single fossil specimen. Overall, our results provide novel insights into the nature of insect body fossils and additionally shed light on exceptionally preserved terrestrial insect faunas found in marine paleoenvironments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mental health services are increasingly employing peer workers (PWs), individuals who have lived experiences with mental health problems, to support patients and be part of mental health care teams. While the employment of PWs continues to increase, little is known about how the function unfolds in practice. This paper explores the broader context in which the PWs navigate and the concrete outcomes and everyday issues that exist at the individual level. Methodologically, the paper draws on 22 interviews with PWs employed in the mental health services in Denmark. Theoretically, it combines Lipsky's (1980) theory on street-level bureaucrats with sociological discussions concerning the lay-expert divide. The analysis shows that PWs experience both role ambiguity and goal uncertainty and that they use substantial discretion in determining the nature, amount and quality of their peer practices. This – combined with the PWs' diverse lived experiences – calls for a heterogeneous understanding of peer work and therefore the analysis presents three categories of peer workers: PWs as (1) a representative of patients' lifeworld, (2) an interdisciplinary professional and (3) an 'expert by experience'. These categories display PWs different enactments of their lived experiences and reveal ambiguities tied to the lay-expert divide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The shift towards recovery‐oriented mental health care has led to the extensive growth of peer support in contemporary service delivery. When enacting peer support, peer workers (PWs) use their lived experiences of mental illness to provide support to individuals experiencing mental health difficulties. While PWs are increasingly an integrated part of mental health services, the way in which peer support unfolds in everyday practices remains understudied. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork from Danish mental health centres, this paper investigates how peer workers and users enact experiential knowledge and expertise to support one another. Theoretically, this paper draws on a micro‐sociological approach that comprehends expertise as an interactional accomplishment enacted within institutional arrangements. First, the analysis shows how PWs and users develop affective relations based on shared illness experiences that enable the enactment of expertise. Second, it demonstrates how PWs and users engage in these relations by exchanging sympathy and knowledge according to different situational demands. Third, it shows how experiences of relational limitations make service users contest the value of experiential knowledge and PWs' position as valid experts. Centrally, this paper contributes to a general discussion of expertise and the implications of bringing lived experiences into mental health services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: As the level of implementation of Industry 4.0 increases, misalignments between adopted technologies and organizational factors may result in benefits below expected. This paper aims to analyze how organizational factors can contribute to a higher level of adoption of Industry 4.0 technologies. The paper uses a sociotechnical perspective lens to achieve this aim. Design/methodology/approach: Using a sample of 231 manufacturing companies in Denmark, a leading country in Industry 4.0 readiness, the paper analyzes through cluster analysis and logistic regression whether the development of four sociotechnical dimensions – that is, Social, Technical, Work Organization and Environmental factors – in these companies can benefit the achievement of higher levels of Industry 4.0 technology adoption. Findings: The results show that companies focused on the development of sociotechnical aspects generally present higher Industry 4.0 adoption levels. However, some sociotechnical factors are less supportive than others. Originality/value: Based on these results, practitioners can plan the adoption of advanced technologies, using a systemic organizational view. This study provides evidence on a growing field with few empirical studies available. The paper contributes by providing an analysis of a leading country in Industry 4.0 implementation, presenting a systemic view on technology adoption in the Industry 4.0 context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The article makes an empirical and conceptual contribution to understanding the temporalities of information literacies. The paper aims to identify different ways in which anticipation of certain outcomes shapes strategies and tactics for engagement with algorithmic information intermediaries. The paper suggests that, given the dominance of predictive algorithms in society, information literacies need to be understood as sites of anticipation. Design/methodology/approach: The article explores the ways in which the invisible algorithms of information intermediaries are conceptualised, made sense of and challenged by young people in their everyday lives. This is couched in a conceptual discussion of the role of anticipation in understanding expressions of information literacies in algorithmic cultures. The empirical material drawn on consists of semi-structured, pair interviews with 61 17–19 year olds, carried out in Sweden and Denmark. The analysis is carried out by means of a qualitative thematic analysis in three steps and along two sensitising concepts – agency and temporality. Findings: The results are presented through three themes, anticipating personalisation, divergences and interventions. These highlight how articulating an anticipatory stance works towards connecting individual responsibilities, collective responsibilities and corporate interests and thus potentially facilitating an understanding of information as co-constituted by the socio-material conditions that enable it. This has clear implications for the framing of information literacies in relation to algorithmic systems. Originality/value: The notion of algo-rhythm awareness constitutes a novel contribution to the field. By centring the role of anticipation in the emergence of information literacies, the article advances understanding of the temporalities of information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Citizens increasingly dispose their waste at household waste recycling centres (HWRC). To enhance the collection of recyclables materials, local authorities and waste management companies invest considerable resources in planning. While the planning of these centres requires a comprehensive understanding of collected solid waste, only limited studies have consistently investigated waste data from HWRC. To fill this knowledge gap, historical data for HWRC from the Greater Copenhagen, Central Zealand, Silkeborg and Djursland in Denmark were analysed with regards to temporal and geographical variation. The results showed the mass of collected waste varies seasonally; this trend was consistently seen during the period 2010–2016. Moreover, the data revealed that the total waste collected was principally driven by the number of visitors. The geometric bar plot and ternary plot depicted an increase in the percentage of recyclable materials, whereas the percentage of incinerated waste decreased during the period 2010–2016. The waste characterisation study indicated that about 7% of small miscellaneous combustible waste was brought in black plastic bag, although these bags were forbidden; the results suggest that the percentage of misplaced recyclable materials could considerably decrease if citizens bring their waste in clear plastic bags. • The core findings of the paper: • Solid waste collected at recycling centres shows a seasonal pattern. • The number of visitors affected significantly the mass of waste collected. • Ternary plot enables to compares waste composition between 36 recycling centres. • Despite the ban, 7% of waste was brought in black plastic bags. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: In the domain of shadow education (private supplementary tutoring), Denmark and China may be placed at opposite ends of a spectrum. Denmark has a recently emerged, small, and high-cost sector that mostly serves low achievers, while China has a more industrialized sector with a long history and economies of scale. The paper juxtaposes the two to shed light on each. Design/Approach/Methods: The article is a personal narrative of the author's research experiences. She grew up and had initial education in China before moving to the Nordic realm for 2 years. This provided a set of initial lenses, which were subsequently deployed in research partnership from her current base in China with colleagues in Denmark. Findings: The juxtaposition raises questions that might otherwise not have been asked and provides insights that might otherwise not have been gained. Danish families hesitate to use shadow education for advantages in the egalitarian society, in contrast to Chinese patterns that stress competition and achievement. These facets have implications for the modes of shadow education and even the names of tutorial companies. Originality/Value: The paper has a methodological value in addition to its substantive insights on the trajectories of shadow education in the two countries.

Background: Lower than expected recruitment and retention rates are common challenges in parenting trials-particularly for community-based trials targeting parents of young children that rely on face-to-face recruitment by frontline workers. Recruitment requires parental informed consent, yet information sheets have been criticized for being lengthy and complex, and particularly challenging for parents with low literacy. Recent innovations include 'talking head' information videos. This paper aims to explore parent perceptions of using a 'talking head' video to support informed consent, recruitment, and retention procedures in parenting trials.Methods: We conducted semi-structured interviews with a sample of 24 mothers recruited after their final follow-ups in two different parenting trials in Denmark. Before consenting to participate in the trials, parents were invited to view a video of a member of the study team giving information about the study, and again before the interviews for the current study. The audio data was transcribed and thematic analysis was conducted.Results: We identified three overarching themes: (1) general impression of the video, (2) thoughts on participation in research, and (3) recruitment and retention. Participants were generally positive in their appraisal of the two talking head informational videos. We found that participants felt that a mix of paper-based and video-based sources of information would enable them to make an informed choice about whether to participate in a research study. We also found that a professionally produced video featuring a key member of the study team produced a feeling of commitment to the study that could impact retention rates.Conclusions: Informational videos are acceptable to parents; however, co-production or participant/patient involvement in the development of such videos is recommended. Informational videos may not increase recruitment but have the potential for improving retention. Key design recommendations are to ensure a 'professional' look to the video, to supplement videos with paper-based information, to keep the length to < 3 min, and for the 'talking head' part to feature a key member of the study team. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I examine how collaboration can yield new insights into inquiries of legal geography and transform the ways that legal work is carried out. Drawing on feminist methodologies, I put forward feminist legal collaboration – a method and praxis – through which legal geographers can address the everyday manifestations and contestations of power in relation to law and space, while at the same time build alliances with people whose (legal) rights are currently contested. I reflect on my experiences of doing everyday collaborative work with legal practitioners, activists, and forced migrants at community centres in Denmark. Through two empirical examples of legal collaboration, I show how collaboration offers insights into migration law and legal procedures that are impossible to gain from just reading the law. The process of collaborating can teach us about the politics in law and reveal political possibilities within these socio‐legal spaces. We might think of feminist legal collaboration as a method and praxis that takes place through direct engagement with the law and legal practices in order to co‐produce knowledge and radically reconfigure existing approaches to legal counselling. The feminist legal collaborative approach, which I put forward here, is not limited to research on the legal geographies of (forced) migration. Rather, I imagine that feminist legal collaboration can be used in relation to different legal issues, grounded in the local empirical context(s) and attending to the needs and injustices on the ground. This paper examines how feminist collaboration as a method and praxis can contribute new insights into the field of legal geographies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To describe academic nurses' experiences engaging clinical nurses in utilizing and implementing developmental and research‐based knowledge in hospital settings. Methods: This study used a descriptive qualitative design. Fourteen academic nurses at Masters or PhD level from three different regions of Denmark participated in the study, relating their successful experiences engaging clinical nurses in utilizing and implementing developmental and research‐based knowledge. Data were collected in February 2020 through qualitative semi‐structured interviews and analysed using a qualitative manifest content analysis. Results: The main theme revealed was that academic nurses were 'Working towards creating a practice‐related culture for research' to engage clinical nurses. This was supported by three subthemes: 'Focusing on evidence‐based practice knowledge', 'Facilitating knowledge through a pedagogical approach' and 'Aiming for future changes'. Conclusions: The academic nurses experienced their engagement of clinical nurses and the subsequent change of practice in patient care and nurses' workflows in the department settings, as successful due to the academic nurses' pedagogical actions to educate clinical nurses and due to the academic nurses' practice‐related approach to research and implementation. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Nurses who utilize research and work with evidence‐based practice are more satisfied with their work, have better patient outcomes and become advocates for patients as they focus on improving the quality of patient care.Engaging nurses in nursing research can be a difficult task due to barriers to research utilization. However, most nurses have positive attitudes towards research.Knowledge is needed about how nurses have been successfully engaged in utilizing and implementing developmental and research‐based knowledge. What this paper adds? Academic nurses have successfully engaged clinical nurses in research and development by creating a practice‐related research culture.Engaging clinical nurses in research and development can be improved by focusing on evidence‐based knowledge to solve practical problems in nursing.Facilitating knowledge of research through pedagogical actions of education and involvement is often more important than the academic knowledge itself. The implications of this paper: Engaging clinical nurses in research and development depends upon making practice‐related research culture a natural part of daily nursing practice.Dual management, consisting of two head nurses—one for practice and one for research—should be established to improve academic nurses' authority to implement changes in nursing practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores policy related to digital competence and the digitalisation of Nordic K-12 schools. Anchored in some key transnational policies on digital competence, it describes some current Nordic movements in the national policies of Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden. The concept of boundary objects is used as an analytical lens, for understanding digital competence as a plastic and temporal concept that can be used to discuss the multi-dimensional translation of this concept in these Nordic countries. The paper ends with a discussion of the potential to view digital competence as a unifying boundary object that, with its plasticity, temporality and n-dimensionality, can show signs of common Nordic efforts in the K-12 school policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY: A discussion of trade in the North Atlantic during the 17th and 18th centuries is explored through the movement of commodities from mainland Europe to Iceland, specifically pottery vessels. The paper reconstructs the journeys of three cooking pots from different places in northern Germany and Denmark and along the way, attempts to situate these journeys within the social and cultural contexts through which they pass. In tracking these object itineraries, it is argued that the pots are caught up in fragmented spaces, where the varied material properties of the objects change in significance. In this way, our paper attempts to both revive and reinvent an economic dimension to historical archaeology, to conjoin terrestrial and maritime archaeology, and finally to stimulate more work on the early modern period for this region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rationale/Purpose: In this paper we utilize unique spectator level data from fifteen Danish national men's A-team football matches in the period 2013–17. Design/methodology/approach: We test several regression models with our dependent variable being a scale measuring each individual respondent's inclination to recommend national matches to friends and colleagues through word-of-mouth. Findings: The model output identify the players' contribution, atmosphere, and spectators' impression of the match stewards as the most important factors driving our word-of-mouth measure in a positive direction. Other factors such as food, drinks, and toilet facilities are positive but of less importance. Practical implications: The results indicate that among strong predictors are variables which are within the reach of management. Research Contribution: The paper adds to existing research on spectator demand by focussing on national A-team matches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Denmark, many rural schools have been closed since 2000. These school closures have often resulted in heated debates between local politicians and the local population. Locals have feared that closing their school would have adverse effects and lead to local population decline. Meanwhile, previous research has found mixed evidence on the population effect of rural school closures. The aim of this paper is to contribute to the existing literature by looking at the case of Denmark. The paper analyses the local population effects of the simultaneous closure of eight village schools in 2011 in the same peripheral municipality in Denmark. The case study offers a quasi-experimental setting, and the population effects are estimated through an ordinary and a flexible difference-in-differences (DiD) analysis. Overall, the results show clear evidence of a negative population effect of rural school closures. The ordinary DiD analysis shows a population decline of 7.6 percentage points during the 10-year post-closure period. The flexible DiD analysis points to long-term effects, as the population decline first becomes statistically significant from the sixth year following the closures and onwards. To qualify the results of the econometric tests, we report findings from interviews with local people carried out in 2015 in four of the eight rural communities. Among other things, findings from interviews point to lock-in effects in terms of social capital and housing markets, which helps to understand the dominance of long-term population effects from school closures. • Eight village schools in the same peripheral municipality in Denmark were closed simultaneously in 2011. • A mixed methods approach is used to examine the population effects of the school closures. • The population development would have been 7.6 percentage points more favourable if the schools had not been closed. • Long-term effects: The population decline first becomes statistically significant from the sixth year after the closures. • Findings point to lock-in effects in terms of social capital and housing markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I report the results of a study of a large-scale implementation of an evidence-based, objective-oriented approach to teaching via digital platforms among mathematics teachers in Denmark. The aim of the study was to investigate how these platforms affect the work of mathematics teachers and how emergent problems in this process can be addressed from an implementation perspective. This objective was achieved by applying concepts from the theory of instrumental genesis to analyze ethnographical data of teachers' platform usage and data from participatory workshops. The results of the study indicate that the design of platforms is likely to conflict with the needs of mathematics teachers and thus I argue for the need of addressing such issues by supporting teachers in enacting innovations rather than by redesigning them. Furthermore, in the paper I suggest that future workshop is an adequate format to support such enactments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Methods of groin hernia repair include laparoscopic techniques using tissue-penetrating mesh fixation or non-penetrating fixation. Concerns regarding hernia repair include postoperative chronic pain, sexual dysfunction, and recurrence. Earlier estimations of recurrence rates have largely been based on nationwide databases, where reoperation rates have been used as a surrogate measure for recurrence, which may underestimate the true recurrence rates. The aim of this study was to evaluate long-term recurrence in patients who had undergone transabdominal pre-peritoneal (TAPP) laparoscopic groin hernia repair using either fibrin sealant or tacks for mesh fixation.Methods: This study used data from the Danish Hernia Database to create the following cohort: All patients operated laparoscopically for primary groin hernia with a TAPP procedure using fibrin sealant for mesh fixation. These patients were matched 1:2 with patients, where the mesh was fixated using tacks. A validated questionnaire was sent to all included patients to determine recurrence, which was defined as reoperation or clinical diagnosis of recurrence by a physician. Follow-up was from index operation to either reoperation date, date of clinical recurrence diagnosis, or response date.Results: A total of 2273 persons (n = 2340 groins) were included, of which 1535 returned the questionnaire, resulting in a response rate of 66.2% with a median follow-up time of 31 months (range 0-62). Among these, 114 (7.4%) recurrences were found, of which 30 (5.8%) were in the fibrin sealant group and 84 (8.3%) in the tacks group (p = 0.084). The Cox regression analysis found no difference in recurrence with the use of tacks compared to fibrin sealant (hazard ratio 0.8) [95% CI (0.5-1.2)].Conclusion: We found no significant difference in long-term reoperation rates and clinical recurrences in patients undergoing TAPP repair with meshes fixated with fibrin sealant compared with tacks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the determinants of residential CO2 emissions, which are not covered by the European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS), in 19 European countries between 2000-2017. Using both static and dynamic panel models, we found strong relationships between CO2 emissions per capita, GDP per capita, energy prices and heating needs. We then assessed the impact of European carbon taxation and show that a €20/tonne CO2 tax lowers emissions by 1% on average. We found that this tax affects countries differently in terms of tax revenue-to-GDP ratio. Poland and the Czech Republic would have to pay the highest contribution, and Portugal and Denmark the lowest. Finally, we propose a scenario that equalizes countries' tax burdens. We show that, were Europe to redistribute all tax revenues, the main beneficiaries would be Poland and Belgium, while Denmark and Luxembourg would have to pay a surtax. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The response of welfare states to immigration is a topic of concern for scholars of welfare and scholars of crime and society. Yet, debates about immigration, crime and welfare in academic literature often take place in isolation. This paper advances both literatures by studying the mechanisms that drive both welfare chauvinism and penal nationalism in relationship to each other. Rather than assuming an a priori and abstract negative construction of immigration in political debates, this study draws on a large-scale Critical Discourse Analysis of political and media debates in Denmark to show how immigration is constructed in ways that justify welfare and penal policy reforms. The analysis shows that both policy shifts – towards a two-tier exclusionary welfare system, and towards penal nationalism that reserves harsher punishment for immigrants – are driven by a discourse that constructs immigrants as threatening welfare first, and only secondarily as threatening personal safety. Based on the empirical data, the article argues that anxieties about the impact of immigration on the integrity of the welfare state is what drives and justifies the construction of a two-tiered welfare and criminal justice system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the introduction of Visual Thinking Strategies (VTS) in Denmark and its potential as a pedagogical tool used throughout Danish education culture and particularly in Danish primary schools. The first active Danish users of and trainers in VTS in the country provide purposive qualitative interview data through structured e-mail interviews focused on their experiences with VTS and their impressions of this pedagogical tool in the Danish education culture context. The analysis of this qualitative data indicates that VTS is highly and widely adaptable to Danish education culture which, like other Scandinavian education systems, is based on bildung didactic principles. In their contemporary manifestation, these principles value the emancipation of the individual and the promotion of democratic learning processes. The introduction of VTS is still a work in progress in the Danish context and is not yet formally used in the school system. However, it is precisely there that a rich vein of opportunities exists for VTS in Denmark. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]