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Aims: To synthesise evidence regarding organisational practice environment factors affecting healthcare workforce development, recruitment, and retention in the UK. Methods/data sources: A systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and PsycINFO yielded ten relevant studies published between 2018 and 2023 and conducted in the UK (the last search was conducted in March 2023). Adhering to The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, two independent reviewers conducted screening, sifting, and data extraction, applying the quality assessment tool for risk of bias. Results: Results highlight key factors associated with staff intention to leave/turnover/retention: workplace challenges, aggression, moral distress, on-the-job embeddedness, leadership involvement, organisational support, and flexible shift patterns. Notably, aggression from colleagues, including clinical staff but not interdisciplinary personnel, has a more detrimental impact on staff intention to leave than aggression from patients. Conclusion: The complex and context-dependent impacts of these organisational factors on the UK healthcare workforce underscore the need for tailored interventions. The review acknowledges limitations, including bias from excluding qualitative studies, a small pool of included studies, and nurse overrepresentation. Summary statement: What is already known: Securement and retainment issues affect different aspects of health and care services. Moreover, healthcare workforce shortages persist in the UK. What this paper adds: Our findings on the importance of workplace challenges and aggression, moral distress, on-the-job-embeddedness, leadership, flexible shift pattern, and organisational support in staff retention are important to addressing the current UK healthcare workforce crisis. Implications for practice/policy: The findings of this review are important to healthcare commissioners, policymakers, and stakeholders, offering valuable insights for dealing with factors contributing to shortages in the healthcare workforce and enhancing staff satisfaction and retention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible Summary: What is known on the subject?: Mental health services report adverse incidents in different ways and the relationship between adverse incidents and the workforce is uncertain. In England, there are national datasets recording all incidents and workforce statistics though there is no peer‐reviewed evidence examining recent trends. What this paper adds to existing knowledge?: Although there has been an overall increase in the number of mental health nurses, more are working in the community and the number of nurses relative to adverse incidents has decreased. There have been service‐provision changes but the role of mental health nurses has not significantly changed in this period, and we can therefore assume that their current practice is saturated with risk or increased reporting. To help understand the relationship between nurses and incidents, we need to transform how incidents are recorded in England. What are the implications for practice?: English mental health services report greater levels of patient‐related factors such as self‐harm or aggression rather than missed or erroneous care. This makes it difficult to understand if a rise in incident frequency is linked to reporting behaviour, patient risk, unsafe/ineffective care or other reasons and therefore planning workforce deployment to improve care quality is problematic. Introduction: There is a paucity of empirical data examining incidents and mental health nurses and the relationship between the two remains uncertain. Aim: Comparison of English national data for incidents and nursing workforce to examine recent trends. Method: Descriptive analysis of two national datasets of incidents and workforce data for England between 2015 and 2022. Results: A 46% increase in incidents was found; the leading causes are self‐harm and aggressive behaviour. Despite the rise in adverse incident reporting, a 6% increase in mental health nurses was found, with more nurses in community settings than hospitals. Discussion: Current services are incident reporting at greater concentrations than in previous years. Patient‐related behaviour continues to be most prominently reported, rather than possible antecedent health services issues that may contribute to reporting. Whilst staffing has increased, this does not seem to have kept pace with the implied workload evident in the increase in incident reports. Implications for Practice: Greater emphasis should be placed on health service behaviour in reporting mechanisms. Self‐harm and aggression should continue to be considered adverse outcomes, but causal health service factors, such as missed care, should be present in pooled reporting to help reduce the occurrence of adverse outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Claims have been made that more sexual liberalism in society than what generally existed in human history is necessary to promote societal tranquility and reduce violence. This research was conducted to investigate the real relationship between sexual behavior and aggression based on scientific data especially from the perspective of physiological psychology. Method: This study was a narrative review and utilized evidence-based findings from neuropsychology, psychophysiology, laboratory research, and field studies. Databases were explored for related terms until sufficiency was reached. The findings were categorized and analyzed descriptively and interpretively to establish connections between the findings. Ultimately, a comprehensive conceptualization was developed to conclude a theory on the relationship between sexual behavior, sexual satiety, and aggression. Results: The study indicated that unrestrained sexual behavior leads to an escalation of the behavior, rather than satiation, and aggression rather than calmness. This may be due to positive feedback in the nervous and hormonal systems, specifically mediated by the medial preoptic area (MPA) and testosterone, leading to aggressive behavior. However, since sexual deprivation can potentially lead to aggression, it is advisable to view the relationship between sexual activity and violence as a non-linear one. Conclusion: This paper establishes that the intensification of sexual behaviors leads to increased violence and aggression in society, ultimately elevating levels of public insecurity. Therefore, limiting sexual behavior within the framework of the relationship of married couples may serve as a moderating factor for this phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores clinical work concerning a group of gender-questioning natal males who experienced physical difficulties in childhood. The author argues that these individuals develop a transgender (trans) identity as a defence mechanism against the psychological challenges associated with development, particularly the struggles of forming a distinct mind and identity. Anxieties related to physical health may have contributed to the formation of an anxious attachment to their primary caregiver, perceived as intrusive and demanding. Moreover, these individuals struggle to identify with their fathers, often experiencing them as distant, absent, or unsupportive of their relationship with the mother or other primary caregiver, thereby hindering separation from the primary attachment figure. These early experiences may lead to difficulties in acknowledging and owning their evolving sexuality and aggression, as well as in bearing the necessary guilt associated with separating from the primary caregiver. Consequently, the individual may fantasise about relinquishing identification with an idealised version of themselves and replacing it with a liberated version capable of living autonomously. Through a composite case, the paper illustrates how these conflicts manifest in the therapeutic setting through transference dynamics. Themes explored include gender dysphoria, confusion, adolescence, and transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Mental health triage services are the first contact for people wanting support for their mental health and provide access to public mental health services in Victoria, Australia. People living with young-onset dementia and their families may contact triage services seeking assistance for behaviour changes and pathways to care as there are few alternative services available. Methods: The authors reviewed the minimum triage dataset from one of the largest mental health services in Victoria, Australia from 2018 to 2021 investigating reasons for referral for people with young-onset dementia. Results: Of the 1766 referrals for 'dementia', 145 were for young-onset dementia. Of these, 69% were referred for behaviour changes. About half of the referrals for behaviour changes were triaged as 'advice only'. One-third of referrals were from general practitioners. Conclusions: The availability of dementia-specific support services that could provide advice on dementia as well as advice for behaviour changes related to the disease could potentially ease the burden of phone calls received by mental health triage services. What is known about the topic? Young-onset dementia refers to a dementia with onset at less than 65 years of age. People with young-onset dementia may contact mental health services for support but the reasons for contact are unknown. What does this paper add? The reasons for contacting one Victorian mental health service included behaviour changes such as agitation or aggression and psychotic symptoms (74%) and general advice, including about dementia pathways (14%). General practitioners made up one-third of referral sources. What are the implications for practitioners? Victorian mental health services are generally overloaded and complex. There is a need to promote alternative dementia support organisations in order to provide an alternative contact for people affected by young-onset dementia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper assesses a faith-based, short-term program for trauma healing among incarcerated individuals, "Correctional Trauma Healing Program" (CTHP). We hypothesized that participation in the CTHP would reduce negative consequences of lifetime trauma: symptoms of PTSD, state depression, state anger, suicidal ideation, and the risk of interpersonal aggression. We also hypothesized that the reduction, if found, would be partly attributable to anticipated program outcomes (a decrease in vengefulness and an increase in religiosity, forgiveness, perceived forgiveness of God, gratitude to God, and perceived positive impact of the Bible). To test our hypotheses, we conducted a quasi-experimental study of 349 jail inmates in Virginia. Manifest-variable structural equation modeling was applied to analyze data from pretest and posttest surveys. As hypothesized, the CTHP reduced the negative consequences of trauma by increasing religiosity and other positive attributes and decreasing vengefulness directly and/or indirectly via increased religiosity. Implications and limitations of our study are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The incidence of aggression within healthcare environments has exhibited a discernible rise. As a response, restrictive measures, including restraints, are enforced. Due to the safety and ethical concerns associated with using restraint, de-escalation measures are regarded as the most efficient course of action. The paper posits that it is critical to identify the causes of aggression before employing restraint through a multidisciplinary risk assessment. In addition, the reasonableness and proportionality of administering restraint must be carefully measured. The significance of cultivating a therapeutic and compassionate environment is emphasised. The paper will exclusively examine physical restraint as a form of restriction intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A good collection of existing literature provides limited reflection on classifying post-conflict countries as being 'peaceful'. This is especially so, as the period following the end of a civil war is normally characterised, as a period of 'peace', thereby equating peace to the silence of the guns. Such an understanding of what constitutes peace in post-conflict settings is problematic. This is because, societies in transition, are usually plagued with a plethora of challenges, with the legacies of war normally shaping the resurgence of violence in other forms. Additionally, complex transitions of violence and aggression, which reflect the socio-economic and political gyrations of a society redefining itself, and reconstructing its values are seen in most post-conflict contexts. Thus, using the case of Sierra Leone, this paper argues that some post-conflict settings experience negative peace, and diverse forms of violence that usually render communities unsafe, insecure and not peaceful. Thus, boxing societies in a bracket of being peaceful, because of the end of a violent civil war, limits what peace means in a specific contextual sense. It even undermines the potential for a broader approach towards understanding how the emerging forms of violence and aggression could be addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Aggressive conduct among delinquents presents a pervasive issue, bearing substantial implications for not only society at large but also for the victims and the individuals displaying the aggression. Traditional approaches to treating aggression regulation deficiencies generally employ Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) in conjunction with analog role-playing exercises. A body of research supports the efficacy of various therapeutic models for aggression regulation, including Responsive Aggression Regulation Therapy (Re-ART). Role-playing within a therapeutic context has been shown to contribute significantly to reductions in violent reoffending. However, the practical application of these skills in real-world settings remains challenging due to the inherent risk of aggressive outbreaks. Additionally, the conventional role-playing scenarios, often conducted in a therapy room, lack contextual realism and may induce role confusion between the patient and the therapist. Virtual Reality (VR) technology could offer a viable solution to these limitations by allowing for skill training in both behavioral and cognitive domains within a realistic yet safe and controlled setting. The technology also facilitates realtime awareness of emotional states and tension levels in the patient. This paper describes the study protocol of a randomized controlled trial in which Re-ART offered in a virtual environment (Re-ART VR) is compared to Re-ART offered as treatment as usual. Methods and analysis: Adult forensic outpatients with aggression regulation problems are randomly assigned to either Re-ART VR or Re-ART. The Controlling Skills, Influence of Thinking and Handling Conflicts modules will be offered to both groups during 3-6 months. Pre- and post-intervention measurements are performed. The primary outcome measurement is the degree of aggression regulation, while secondary outcome measurements include impulsivity and cognitive biases. Additionally, patient motivation and therapist motivation are expected to act as moderating factors. Discussion: To date, scarcely previous research has been done on the effectiveness of VR in treatment of aggression regulation problems in forensic outpatients. Forensic outpatients who do not benefit sufficiently from mainly CBT-based interventions may benefit more from experiential learning. The unique capabilities of VR in this regard have the potential to enhance the treatment effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine the current state of the literature on the variables associated with self-harm and aggression in women who committed a criminal offence. Design/methodology/approach: Studies were identified through online databases, namely, PsycINFO, PubMed, ERIC and EBSCOhost, as well as manual searches of reference lists of the selected studies. The target population included women who committed a criminal offence and have engaged in self-harm and aggressive behaviors during their incarceration, either in correctional institutions or in forensic psychiatric settings. Findings: Of the 1,178 studies identified, nine met inclusion criteria. The studies were conducted in six different countries and included data from 6360 female participants. Few studies examine self-harm and aggression in women who committed a criminal offence which speaks to the still sparse literature on this topic. This review of the association between self-harm and aggression in women offenders highlights the finding that a small group of women is often involved in both self-harm and aggression. The authors have identified possible psychological factors associated with women engaging in both self-harm and aggression. The findings also reveal a possible connection between types of aggressive behaviors and specific time periods during sentences or stays in forensic psychiatry. Practical implications: The findings of this scoping review have clinical implications which may be considered by both researchers and the case management teams of women involved in both self-harm and aggression. Originality/value: Despite the limited number of studies examining self-harm and aggression in women, this scoping review highlights gaps in the literature as well as notable psychological correlates of women who engage in self-harm and aggression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Implicit theories of personality fall under social-cognitive theories and underlie studies that have examined the perspectives, beliefs, and judgments that people make about certain phenomena or behaviors. Although the theoretical model of implicit beliefs was originally categorized as theories about the self, the authors Dweck & Leggett (1988) extended it, applying it to the field of social judgments about the characteristics of other people. In the present paper we aim to illustrate children's and adolescents' entity and incremental beliefs about aggression. In accordance with this purpose, we conducted a theoretical foray into implicit theories and their implications in the area of social judgments in an attempt to capture how implicit beliefs about aggression are projected into the social interactions of children and adolescents. We believe that our remarks and findings can be important resources for educational factors in the effort to improve the effectiveness of programs to prevent aggressive behaviors and attitudes in children and youth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Naïve yet threatening is how the South Korean news media have characterized some older adults who have taken to social media to air their political views. Labeled as "angry (digital) silver," these older adults using YouTube and other social media platforms for political activity are portrayed as digitally illiterate and aggressive. This paper examines the rhetoric surrounding older adults' digital media literacy in scholarship and popular news media with a focus on the news media's portrayal of older adults' digital political activity. By analyzing the use of language and various rhetorical strategies, I argue that specific rhetoric of caution, which warns against older adults' so-called lower digital media literacy, is used to invalidate their digital political activity. I draw upon the case of the "Taegukgi squad"—a political group mainly composed of older adults in South Korea—and the evolution of their digital presence. Addressing the media's biased portrayal of older adults' digital media literacy, this paper further invites reflection on controversies around the role of age in digital political activities around the globe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mock impoliteness is defined as a specific form of politeness, one in which participants in a conversation perceive acts such as jocular mockery, insults and banter as non-impolite (Haugh, Michael & Derek Bousfield. 2012. Mock impoliteness in interactions amongst Australian and British speakers of English. Journal of Pragmatics 44. 1099–1114). Following the model of the third wave of politeness and Sinkeviciute, Valeria (2019. Conversational humour and (im) politeness: A pragmatic analysis of social interaction. Amsterdam: John Benjamins), the aim of this paper is twofold. First, it seeks to contribute to a better understanding of the phenomenon in colloquial conversation. Second, it illustrates this in a language other than English, specifically Peninsular Spanish, using data on informal interactions. The database is composed of 148 humorous sequences from the VALESCO.HUMOR corpus (http://www.observahumor.com/corpus%5fvalesco). 25.67 % of these were identified and analyzed as mock impoliteness, using a tentative procedure for exploring humor negotiation in mock impoliteness through the assessment of a number of elements. These included the issue of which linguistic and paralinguistic elements are used by participants, and the interpretation of the initial aggressive style focused on the target, be it the recipient in a conversation or an absent third party (Béal, Christine & Kerry Mullan. 2017. The pragmatics of conversational humour in social visits: French and Australian English. Language & Communication 55. 24–40). Finally, we considered the question of whether or not the humor introduced by mock impoliteness was sustained throughout a sequence. When a target is oriented to a recipient in the exchange, the data shows a trend towards strengthening social bonds with the group and sustaining humor across the sequence. In other cases, however, the recipient might feel offended or insulted and hence respond in a serious mode, the main effect of the humor then being to create social distance within the participant group. When the target is oriented to an absent third party, humor tends to serve to reinforce cohesiveness between the group at the expense of others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aggression is one of the most serious threats to humanity. If we look around, we find that there is a lot of conflict at the individual level, family level, state level, national level as well as the international level. Aggression is a major cause of several problems such as antisocial behavior, road rage, rape, terrorism, murder, etc. Therefore, understanding anger and aggression at early stages in school children is very essential, and to plan appropriate intervention strategies at the right time. The present paper shall focus on forms of aggression, causes of aggression, and intervention strategies on the part of individuals, parents, school teachers, doctors, etc. have been discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Negative, destructive, and abusive behaviors in romantic relationships can vary from explicit kinds of abuse and aggression to more subtle and seemingly innocuous slights against or ways of treating a partner. However, regardless of the severity or explicit nature, these behaviors all, to one extent or another, reflect acts of invalidation, disrespect, aggression, or neglect toward a partner, and could be considered maltreatment of a partner. The current paper proposes the term partner maltreatment as a broad overarching concept, which was used to facilitate a meta-analytic synthesis of the literature to examine the associations between attachment insecurity (i.e., attachment anxiety, attachment avoidance) and perpetration of partner maltreatment. Additionally, this paper situated partner maltreatment within an attachment-based diathesis-stress perspective to explore the moderating role of stress. Five databases were systematically searched for published and unpublished studies that examined the direct association between perpetrator's adult attachment orientation and perpetration of partner maltreatment behaviors. We synthesized effect sizes from 139 studies (N = 38,472) and found the effect between attachment insecurity and acts of partner maltreatment varied between r =.11 to.21. Our findings provide meta-analytic evidence to suggest that attachment insecurity is a significant individual vulnerability factor (diathesis) associated with partner maltreatment; and that when individuals with an insecure attachment orientation experience stress, the tendency to perpetrate partner maltreatment is typically heightened. The findings of this meta-analysis provide empirical evidence for the importance of considering and addressing contextual factors, especially stress, for those individuals and couples seeking therapy for partner maltreatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current notion of the Vrātyas aggressivity seems to be mainly based on certain Vedic texts that record a biased account of their history. It is usually assumed that relevant passages refer to the aggression displayed by the Vrātyas during verbal confrontations with their opponents in order to determine the correct stance on ritual matters. However, even outside the Vrātya context, competitive hospitality and violent verbal exchanges may be found in the sapiential sphere, often in the form of riddles--the so-called brahmodya. Among the sections in the Mahābhārata that demonstrate epic traces of competitiveness in the field of sacred knowledge, this paper will primarily examine the Aṣṭāvakrīya-Upākhyāna (MBh 3.132-134), which features the sole Mahābhārata reference to the term brahmodya. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main study aims to identify relationships between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), self‑esteem and aggression in the general population. There are 92 participants (42 male, 50 female) and the instruments used were: Buss‑Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ), Rosenberg’s Self Esteem Scale (RSE), Adverse Childhood Experiences International Questionnaire (ACE‑IQ). The results indicate a negative correlation between ACE and self‑esteem, and between self‑esteem and aggression. The study also found a positive correlation between ACE and aggression. There were no gender differences in aggressiveness. The present paper brings an important addition to the literature for a clearer understanding of these concepts in the psycho‑social field, being carried out on a general sample of the Romanian population, with no particularities other than the geographical area and the national culture. Investigating the relationship between self‑esteem, aggression, and ACEs helps in the development and implementation of psychosocial interventions for prevention and early intervention. Considering the possible causal relationship between the concepts, future studies could investigate the mechanism that explains these relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This paper analyzes the relationship between business strategy and capital structure. Methods: Archival research was conducted with 488 observations of companies listed in Brasil, Bolsa, Balcão [B]3. As proxies of interest, the classification of companies into prospectors and defenders was adopted for business strategy, and the relationship between third-party and equity capital was used for capital structure. The econometric model was performed using ordinary least squares linear multiple regression, controlling for year and sector fixed effects. Results: The results reveal that business strategy relates to how a company finances its capital. Prospectors tend to depend more heavily on third-party capital, present more significant risks, and lower cash flow profitability than defender companies. In contrast, because defenders seek market dominance and make more conservative decisions, they generate funds internally to finance their activities. Contributions: These findings show that the aggressive behavior of companies toward capital financing may be linked to the choice of an expansion strategy, indicating that management decisions influence this financial information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A strong relation between adverse childhood experiences (ACE) and aggression has been established in adult populations, with less research examining this relation earlier in development. The purpose of this study was to complete a scoping review of the current evidence available on the relation between ACE and aggression and subtypes of aggression within a child and adolescent population. Inclusion criteria for the review included publications in English between 1998 and 2023, use of a child/adolescent population, and peer-review and quantitative publications. Databases searched included PubMed, APA PsycINFO, Scopus, and EBSCO, and search terms included words related to ACE and aggression. Initial selection was based on title and abstract, with 32 papers meeting eligibility criteria for inclusion. Two authors extracted the relevant characteristics of the studies independently and conferred on any disagreements. The overall findings from the scoping review suggest that there is a strong link between aggression and ACE; however, this link may not be as strong for specific subtypes of aggression. Additionally, characteristics of ACE may play role in understanding this relation, but little research is available within a child and adolescent population. A few studies have attempted to examine potential mediators and moderators of this relation; however, none have been replicated within a child and adolescent population. The findings from this review support the need for additional research in this area and identify significant gaps in the literature that need to be addressed within a child and adolescent population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emotion is an important factor that can lead to the occurrence of aggressive driving. This paper proposes an association rule mining-based method for analysing contributing factors associated with aggressive driving behaviour among online car-hailing drivers. We collected drivers' emotion data in real time in a natural driving setting. The findings show that 29 of the top 50 association rules for aggressive driving are related to emotions, revealing a strong relationship between driver emotions and aggressive driving behaviour. The emotions of anger, surprised, happy and disgusted are frequently associated with aggressive driving behaviour. Negative emotions combined with other factors (for example, driving at high speeds and high acceleration rates and with no passengers in the vehicle) are more likely to lead to aggressive driving behaviour than negative emotions alone. The results of this study provide practical implications for the supervision and training of car-hailing drivers. PRACTITIONER SUMMARY: Based on the association rule mining method, we found a close connection between drivers' emotional states and the manifestation of aggressive driving behaviours. The findings indicate that the combination of negative emotions and various contributing factors significantly amplifies the likelihood of aggressive driving. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antisocial behaviour by social media users has escalated, which in turn has created various socio-psychological implications for users and society at large. However, there is a paucity of empirical research on the concept of cyber aggression inclination (CAI) and its personal and situational antecedents in the context of social media. This study explores and measures the CAI of general social media users and examines the personal and situational factors affecting CAI. Data was collected using an online survey resulting in a sample of respondents who are active social media users. A total of 101 responses were received of which 71 were complete. Primary data was analysed using Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) to test eight hypotheses. Findings suggest perceived anonymity, impulsive use of social media and subjective norms are correlated with and CAI. We could not find any conclusive evidence to suggest a significant association exerted by prior aggression victimisation, social pressure, and perceived incident severity on CAI. This paper makes original contributions to the field of cyberpsychology where a more specific form of antisocial behaviour has been studied in social media settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Youth violence, victimization, and bullying are pervasive in schools across the United States and are detrimental for learning and healthy development. K‐12 school safety is an increasingly urgent issue to research and understand from multiple perspectives. Physical and psychological safety in school is linked to better student and school outcomes and is fundamental to fostering well‐being and prosocial behavior. METHODS: Despite research demonstrating positive outcomes associated with school safety, there is no comprehensive conceptual model in the literature that considers precursors, strategies, mechanisms, and outcomes of school safety together. The current paper presents an equity‐centered comprehensive model of school safety, which is intended as a holistic representation of the multiple factors and pathways that contribute to school safety and positive youth development. RESULTS: This model can guide research and practice through an equity‐centered and comprehensive approach. This model can enable practitioners, researchers, and policymakers to make informed decisions and reach consensus regarding planning and decisions related to reducing violence and establishing supportive school environments. CONCLUSION: Our model suggests that a comprehensive approach can ensure the safety and well‐being of students and staff. By thinking ecologically, schools, communities, and stakeholders can ensure that all aspects of the school context are included in school safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses a symposium on addressing stalking, which covers various topics related to psychosocial issues. The presentations at the symposium include the neurodiverse perspective of stalkers, building relationships with stalking clients, using psychological interventions to address stalking behaviors, stalking when children are involved, and promoting psychologically informed management of stalking perpetrators. The article also mentions other symposium papers that explore pathways to and from offending behavior, such as online terrorism risk in individuals with ADHD and the relationship between peer victimization and sexual offending. Another study discussed in the article examines the impact of psychological trauma, dissociation, and suggestibility on eyewitness testimony among Turkish individuals with a traumatic history. The findings suggest that trauma and dissociation can affect the accuracy of witness statements in forensic events. Lastly, the article mentions a research project that aims to explore the relationship between occupational stress, self-stigma, and attitudes toward seeking psychological help among law enforcement officers. The study will gather data from approximately 150 active-duty law enforcement officers in the United States and can provide insights for clinicians in better serving this population. [Extracted from the article]

While an expanding corpus of empirical investigations has underscored the deleterious ramifications of partner phubbing on interpersonal communication and relationship quality, there remains a paucity of scholarly inquiry into its underlying internal mechanisms engendering such adverse outcomes. In light of this gap, based on cognitive appraisal theory, this study examined the effects of emotional factor (romantic jealousy) and behavioral factor (relational aggression) between young adults' partner phubbing and intimacy quality. A sample of 512 Chinese young adults who in love (202 males and 310 females, age range 19–25 accounts for 97.8%) were included in the study. Results indicated that, after controlling for relationship length, partner phubbing was significantly and negatively related to young adults' intimacy quality, and this relation was mediated by romantic jealousy and relational aggression. Moreover, the current study tested the role of sex by multi-group analysis. Results showed that females could suffer more from partner phubbing than males. Amidst the escalating prevalence of smartphones within romantic contexts, this pioneering study sets forth a novel proposition by establishing a crucial link between partner phubbing and the diminished intimacy quality experienced by young adults. Furthermore, the paper extensively deliberates on the theoretical underpinnings and practical ramifications of the obtained results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible Summary What is known on the subject? What does this paper add to existing knowledge? What are the implications for practice? Background Aim Methods Results Discussion Implications for Practice Relevance Statement Clinical guidelines and staff training recommend using de‐escalation over restrictive practices, such as restraint and seclusion Evidence suggests that restrictive practices continue to be used frequently despite training This suggests a lack of impact of existing staff de‐escalation training. The features of de‐escalation training that are acceptable to staff and perceived to be impactful A co‐designed and co‐delivered training session on a trauma‐informed approach to de‐escalation on mental health wards was acceptable and perceived to be impactful Those attending training particularly valued how lived experience was incorporated into the training content and co‐delivery The organizational and team context may need more consideration in adapting the training. De‐escalation training that adopts a trauma‐informed approach and considers the context of ward environments is acceptable to staff Co‐delivery models of training to tackle restrictive practice can be acceptable and impactful Further research will show how clinically effective this training is in improving outcomes for service users in ward contexts. Evidence suggests a discrepancy between recommended and routine practice in de‐escalation in mental health settings, suggesting a lack of impact of existing training.To investigate the acceptability and perceived impact of a co‐designed/delivered training intervention on a trauma‐informed approach to de‐escalation on mental health wards.Trainees were invited to complete the Training Acceptability Rating Scale (TARS) post‐training. Responses to the quantitative items were summarized using descriptive statistics, and open‐text responses were coded using content analysis.Of 214 trainees, 211 completed the TARS. The trainees rated the training favourably (median overall TARS = 55/63), as acceptable (median 33/36) and impactful (median 23/27). There were five qualitative themes: modules of interest; multiple perspectives; modes of delivery; moulding to context; and modifying other elements.The EDITION training was found to be acceptable and impactful, with trainees particularly valuing the co‐delivery model. Trainees suggested several ways in which the training could be improved, particularly around the need for further moulding of the intervention to the specific ward contexts/teams.We recommend co‐designing and co‐delivering staff training to mental health professionals that tackles restrictive practices.This research is relevant to lived experience practitioners who want to be involved in training mental health professionals around restrictive practices, demonstrating the value and importance of their voice. It is relevant to current providers of de‐escalation training, and to staff receiving training, outlining a novel, but acceptable and impactful, form of training on a key area of mental health practice. It is relevant to anyone with an interest in reducing restrictive practice via co‐delivered training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper I present an analysis of a personal journey, based on Erich Fromm's concept of benign aggression, part of The Anatomy of Human Destructiveness (1973). I analyze its role in the dynamics of change based on the interaction between the psyche and the social. In Fromm's conceptual framework, benign aggression results from an unlived life, shaped by limitations on individuals' freedoms, supported by institutional and oppressive structures in a neo-capitalistic society. I explore how benign aggression, replayed between patient and therapist, can bring about changes in the self and modes of relatedness, leading to the recognition of humanistic values. In my practice, projective identification and attachment -detachment dynamics were experienced as forms of benign aggression, while anger and conflict became a way to acknowledge them. Fragments of two clinical cases illustrate how needs for relatedness-through-conflict are experienced. Relatedness expressed through a negative form of attachment can lead to the co-creation of a psychic space, a "Social Third" where ethical values are experienced and shared. This Frommian conceptual framework and methodology require total connectedness with a subject, together with the recognition and acceptance of an "Other" unto oneself. In my experience, such recognition encourages the emergence of humanistic values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Nursing staff are frequently exposed to high‐risk patient behaviours within inpatient health services, yet staff commonly report a lack of training and support in managing these behaviours. Aim: The aim of the study was to examine nursing staff experiences of high‐risk behaviours in inpatient mental health settings. Methods: Four electronic databases (CINAHL, Medline, PsycINFO, EMBASE) were searched. The protocol for this review was prospectively registered in PROSPERO (Ref: CRD42022334739). A meta‐synthesis of nursing staff's experiences of high‐risk behaviours in inpatient mental health settings was conducted. Results: We identified 30 eligible studies. Six themes were constructed from the meta‐synthesis: the social contract of care; the function of risk behaviours; the expectation of risk; risk as a relational concept; navigating contradictions in care; the aftermath. Discussion: Nursing staff conceptualize risk as a meaningful behaviour shaped by patient, staff and environmental factors. Managing risk is an ethical dilemma for nursing staff and they require more training and support in ethical risk decision‐making. Implications for Practice: Inpatient mental healthcare services should formulate and manage risk as a relational concept comprising staff, patient and environmental factors. Future research and clinical practice should place further consideration on the varied experiences of different types of risk behaviours. Relevance Statement: Nursing staff are frequently exposed to high‐risk patient behaviours within inpatient health services, yet staff commonly report a lack of training and support in managing these behaviours. This systematic review offers insights into how high‐risk behaviours are experienced by nursing staff and makes recommendations about how to improve the understanding and management of them. Inpatient mental healthcare services should formulate and manage risk as a relational concept comprising staff, patient and environmental factors. Future research and clinical practice should place further consideration on the varied experiences of different types of risk behaviours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Does the arrival of culturally diverse workers affect the work style of incumbent workers? We examine how the large influx of Russian hockey players in the National Hockey League after 1989 affected North American–born players. The Soviet style of hockey was largely based on skilled skating, constant movement, circling, and passing. In contrast, the North American play was more individualistic and linear, with higher emphasis on physical strength and aggressive behavior. Using 50 years of data at the player-game level, we show that (i) the number of penalty minutes per game increases steadily from 1970 to 1989, but decreases thereafter; (ii) although Russian players get systematically fewer penalty minutes in and after 1989, the trend reversal is driven by North American–born players; and (iii) the number of penalty minutes per game of North American–born players decreases systematically with the number of Russian players on their team and on the opposing team. Evidence shows that the hockey style brought about by Russian players was adopted and diffused within and across North American teams and players. This paper was accepted by Lamar Pierce, organizations. Supplemental Material: Data and the online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4808. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This review summarizes evidence pertaining to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the psychological health of children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Materials and Methods: An electronic search was conducted using four major databases: PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Using an umbrella methodology, the reference lists of relevant papers were reviewed, and citation searches were conducted. The study included articles written in English between January 2020 and March 2021 that focused on the psychological health of autistic children and adolescents. Results: All eight studies included in the final review were cross-sectional. Three of the eight studies were conducted in Italy, two in Turkey, and one study each in Portugal, Spain, and the United Kingdom, with a total of 1,407 participants. All studies used a mixture of standardized and non-standardized questionnaires to collect data. The total number of patients were 1407 at a mean age of 9.53 (SD = 2.96) years. Seven studies report gender; male 74.7% (657/880) and female 25.3% (223/880). The finding showed that behavioral issues in children and adolescents with ASD have significantly increased; 521 (51.9 percent) of the 1004 individuals with ASD presented with behavioral changes, including conduct problems, emotional problems, aggression, and hyperactivity. Some studies also found increased anxiety and difficulties managing emotions. Only one study reported clinical stabilization in children with ASD during COVID-19. Finally, 82.7% of families and caregivers of children with ASD (544 out of 658) faced challenges during COVID-19. Conclusion: Although the studies in this review suggest a general worsening of ASD children's clinical status, it remains difficult to draw definitive conclusions at this moment, with newer COVID-19 variants on the rise worldwide. During this difficult pandemic period, caregivers, families, and healthcare professionals are recommended to pay more attention to the ASD patients' health and care needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this scoping review was to identify behavioral disturbances exhibited by patients in post-traumatic amnesia (PTA). While behavioral disturbances are common in PTA, research into their presentation and standardized measures for their assessment are limited. The study protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021268275). A scoping review of databases was performed according to pre-determined criteria on 29 July 2021 and updated on 13 July 2022. A conventional content analysis was used to examine and categorize behavioral disturbances. Thirty papers met the inclusion criteria, of which 27 reported observations and/or scores obtained on behavioral scales, and 3 on clinician interviews and surveys. None focused exclusively on children. Agitation was the most frequently assessed behavior, and Agitated Behavior Scale was the most used instrument. Content analysis, however, bore eight broad behavioral categories: disinhibition, agitation, aggression, lability, lethargy/low mood, perceptual disturbances/psychotic symptoms, personality change and sleep disturbances. Our study revealed that while standardized assessments of behavior of patients in PTA are often limited to agitation, clinical descriptions include a range of behavioral disturbances. Our study highlights a significant gap in the systematic assessment of a wide range of behavioral disturbances observed in PTA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the situational role of aggressive peers in the explanation of school-based aggression. Using data from the multimethod Peer Relations and Social Behavior (PEERS) study, it tests hypotheses derived from Situational Action Theory (SAT) to investigate whether the effect of aggressive peers is greater for high propensity adolescents. The PEERS study used a cross-sectional survey followed by adapted Space-Time Budget (STB) interviews with a randomly selected subsample of participants. This paper presents situational analyses of STB data alongside additive analyses of survey data to demonstrate both situational convergence and statistical dependence. Results showed that the effect of aggressive peers was greatest amongst adolescents with high aggression-relevant propensity (i.e. weak morality and a poor ability to exercise self-control). Whilst high propensity adolescents were situationally vulnerable to the influence of aggressive peers, low propensity adolescents were situationally resistant to criminogenic peer effects. These findings suggest that targeting aggression-relevant propensity may be more fundamental than reducing exposure to aggressive peers for preventing aggressive behavior in schools. The theoretical, methodological, and empirical contributions in this study can be applied to advance future research on peer influence, aggression, and SAT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new paper shows that rates of aggression are higher, and rates of coalition formation are lower, among male bonobos than among male chimpanzees. These findings are noteworthy because they challenge the view that female bonobos' preferences for less aggressive males favored a reduction in male aggression and an increase in social tolerance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper re‐examined the factor structure of a recently developed parent report of aggression, the Provoked and Unprovoked Aggression Questionnaire, and evaluated measurement invariance and latent mean differences across gender, age, and time. Participants were 333 mothers of toddlers (younger age group: n = 167, 53.9% boys, Mage Time 1 = 18.30 months, SD = 0.45; older age group: n = 166, 48.8% boys, Mage Time 1 = 24.29 months, SD = 0.38) who filled out provoked (eight items) and unprovoked (five items) aggression scales twice over a 3‐month period. We found evidence for the configural, metric, and scalar measurement invariance—a requirement needed to make a meaningful comparison between aggression means across gender, age groups, and time. When comparing means for boys and girls, gender differences emerged earlier for unprovoked than provoked aggression. Also, the frequency of provoked aggression increased among younger, but not older, toddlers. By developing a brief parental report of aggression in toddlerhood, we hope to fill a void of early aggression measures that tap the contextual variability in aggressive behaviors, and thereby stimulate more research to further our understanding of different types of aggression and their correlates in toddlerhood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous research has confirmed that parental control is related to children's aggressive behavior. However, few studies have focused on proactive and reactive aggression to distinguish the different effects of parental psychological and behavioral control. Moreover, additional longitudinal evidence is needed to understand these links. In the current paper, a three‐wave longitudinal study was conducted to examine the developmental characteristics of proactive and reactive aggression and the role of parental control in China. A total of 484 4th‐ and 7th‐grade students participated at wave 1 (51.65% in 4th‐grade, Mage = 11.66 ± 1.52 years), 465 students (52.04% in 4th‐grade) at wave 2, and 447 children (51.90% in 4th‐grade) at wave 3. The results showed that: (1) Proactive aggression in late childhood remained stable overall, while reactive aggression displayed a clear upward trend. (2) In proactive aggression, boys and girls had a consistent developmental trend. The initial level of boys was higher than that of girls. In reactive aggression, the growth rate was inversely associated with their initial level and the initial level of boys in 7th‐grade was significantly higher than that of girls. (3) Both parental psychological and behavioral control positively predicted students' reactive aggression in 4th‐ and 7th‐grade, whereas only parental behavioral control positively predicted proactive aggression in 7th‐grade students, with no gender differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines how pre‐play communication between players with partial credibility affects the ensuing strategic interaction. We consider an environment where players are uncertain about the economic and psychological costs of reneging on promises but learn these at the time of their implementation. We demonstrate that in the equilibrium both players make promises. The latter are partially effective in terms of achieving collusive outcomes and improving the players' payoffs under strategic complementarity, where promises are used to signal future collusive behavior. In contrast, under strategic substitutability the ability to make a promise can be used to signal future aggressive behavior and one of the players may even get a lower expected (before the type is revealed) payoff than in the game without communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Aerobic exercise plays an influential role in improving mental health. Aerobics, as a form of efficient aerobic exercise, is suitable for various individuals and promotes the mental health of college students. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to explore whether aerobic exercise has a positive effect on the mental health and Body Mass Index (BMI) of obese college students. Methods: Sixty obese college students with a BMI ≥ 28 were selected and divided into two groups. Each group consisted of 30 students, 15 boys and 15 girls. The experimental group received aerobic exercise training three times a week for 12 weeks, while the control group received prescribed aerobic training. Data before and after the experiment were recorded. Results: The BMI of the experimental group decreased from 30.19 ± 0.73 before the experiment to 27.32 ± 0.84 after the experiment, with a change range of 2.86 ± 0.11. The experimental group showed significant differences before and after the experiment (P < 0.01). The BMI of the control group decreased from 30.16 ± 0.73 before the experiment to 28.62 ± 0.89 after the experiment, with a change range of 1.54 ± 0.84. The control group also showed significant differences before and after the experiment (P < 0.05). The experimental group had a better effect. The 12 dimensions of the mental health test changed in both the experimental group and the control group, and the results were statistically significant (P < 0.05), with the experimental group showing better improvement. Conclusions: The statistically significant impact of aerobics on the mental health of obese college students holds practical significance. Notably, the observed reduction in anxiety and depression symptoms, coupled with notable enhancements in self-esteem and self-confidence, underscores the tangible benefits of incorporating aerobics into the lifestyle of this demographic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of a Citizenship Education Program on seventh-grade female students' aggression levels and problem-solving skills in Gachsaran. Methods and Materials: This randomized controlled trial involved 30 seventh-grade female students randomly assigned to either an intervention group or a control group, each consisting of 15 participants. The intervention group participated in a Citizenship Education Program consisting of ten 75-minute sessions over ten weeks, while the control group received no intervention. Data were collected using the Buss- Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ) and the Social Problem-Solving Inventory-Revised (SPSI-R) at three time points: pre-intervention, post-intervention, and five-month follow-up. Data analysis included analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures and Bonferroni post-hoc tests, conducted using SPSS version 27. Findings: The results indicated a significant reduction in aggression and a significant improvement in problem-solving skills in the intervention group compared to the control group. Descriptive statistics showed that the intervention group's mean aggression score decreased from 45.67 (SD = 5.21) to 32.45 (SD = 4.78) post-intervention, and further to 30.12 (SD = 4.45) at follow-up. Problem-solving skills increased from a mean score of 50.89 (SD = 6.12) to 68.23 (SD = 5.67) post-intervention, and further to 70.45 (SD = 5.78) at follow-up. ANOVA results confirmed significant effects for time, group, and time x group interaction (p < .001). Bonferroni post-hoc tests indicated significant differences between pre-intervention and post-intervention, and pre-intervention and follow-up for both variables. Conclusion: The Citizenship Education Program significantly reduced aggression and improved problem-solving skills among seventh-grade female students, with sustained effects observed at a five-month follow-up. These findings suggest that integrating citizenship education into the curriculum can effectively enhance students' social-emotional competencies and responsible behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to develop a nonviolent communication training program and evaluate its effectiveness on the social adaptation and academic self-efficacy of aggressive male students. Methods and Materials: The research method included a qualitative section using thematic analysis with a deductive approach and a quantitative section with a quasi-experimental design, including a pre-test, post-test, control group, and a two-month follow-up period. The statistical population in the qualitative section consisted of articles, books, and dissertations related to nonviolent communication theory, and in the quantitative section, it included aggressive male students in the second grade of elementary school (ages 9 to 12) in the city of Isfahan during the 2023-2024 academic year. A total of 36 aggressive male students were purposefully selected and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (18 students per group). The experimental group received the nonviolent communication training program over ten 75-minute sessions spanning ten weeks. The Aggression Questionnaire (AQ) (Eysenck & Wilson, 1975), the Social Adaptation Questionnaire (SAQ) (Sinha & Singh, 1993), and the Academic Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (ASEQ) (Jinks & Morgan, 1999) were used in this study. Data were analyzed using mixed analysis of variance with SPSS software version 23. Findings: The results indicated that the nonviolent communication training program has sufficient content validity according to experts. Additionally, this program significantly impacts the social adaptation (P<0.0001; Eta=0.56; F=43.07) and academic self-efficacy (P<0.0001; Eta=0.51; F=35.78) of aggressive male students. Conclusion: The nonviolent communication training program can be used as an effective method to improve the social adaptation and academic self-efficacy of aggressive male students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: As the elderly population grows, the prevalence of dementia is rising, with 70–95% of patients in hospital settings exhibiting problematic behaviors such as aggression. These behaviors significantly contribute to increased nursing workloads, affecting nurses' well-being and patient care quality. This study aims to review workload-related issues among nurses caring for dementia patients, highlighting the need for targeted interventions to mitigate stress and improve care quality. Methods: A scoping review was conducted using the five-stage framework of Arksey and O'Malley. The literature search covered studies published between 2013 and 2023, focusing on quantitative research about nurses' workload-related stress when managing patients with dementia and problematic behaviors. Databases such as PubMed and PsycINFO were searched, and 13 studies were selected based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: The review revealed that problematic behaviors, particularly aggression, significantly increase nurses' stress and workload. This stress has negative consequences on nurses' physical and mental health, often leading to burnout, decreased job satisfaction, and a decline in care quality. Inadequate staffing and support systems exacerbate these issues. Conclusions: Targeted education, sufficient staffing, and support are essential to reduce the workload and stress experienced by nurses caring for dementia patients. Implementing these strategies can enhance the quality of care provided and improve the well-being of healthcare professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aggression is a stable psychological trait of the individual that lasts from childhood through adolescence and adulthood. The school environment significantly impacts students' conduct, personalities, attitudes, and academic achievement-greatly impacts inadvertently. The academic environment is how students develop their personalities and life skills overall. This study's methodology is descriptive in nature. A representative sample of 150 high school students was taken, and data were collected employing stratified random sampling techniques. The results of this study showed that there is no significant correlation between high school students' aggression and the two aspects of the school environment-rejection and permissiveness. However, a strong and unfavorable correlation between teenage aggression and the school environment's aspects of acceptance, control, cognitive encouragement, and creative stimulation was determined. The study's results also showed that most students exhibit passive, aggressive, and antisocial behavior, which negatively impacts both academic performance and the student's lifestyles and also influences the school environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the professional realm, the healthcare sector stands out as one of the most susceptible to violence. One notable manifestation of this is violence among colleagues, commonly referred to as horizontal violence, which has garnered significant attention in recent times. To delve deeper into this phenomenon across various categories of healthcare professionals, a comprehensive search was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, and CINAHL, resulting in the inclusion of 13 articles. The findings of this narrative review illuminate how horizontal violence can manifest in both physical and psychological forms and how it often becomes normalized among the healthcare professionals who endure it. Particularly vulnerable to such occurrences are recent graduates and those with limited professional experience. Furthermore, it has been observed that horizontal violence has detrimental effects on the well-being of those subjected to it, as well as on the quality of patient care delivered. Considering preventive measures, numerous studies emphasize the pivotal role of effective departmental leadership in fostering a harmonious work environment. Despite the largely underreported nature of this phenomenon, the conclusions drawn in this study advocate for a deeper exploration of the dynamics surrounding horizontal violence, with the goal of devising targeted strategies to mitigate its occurrence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Physical and sexual childhood abuse are associated with suicidal ideation and mental health disorders. However, less is known about non-physical types of maltreatment. This study examined associations between non-physical types of child maltreatment (e.g., emotional abuse, interpersonal aggression, exposure to physical intimate partner violence, emotional and physical neglect) and suicidal ideation, and mental health disorders. Data and methods Data from the 2018 Survey of Safety in Public and Private Spaces were used to estimate the proportion of individuals 15 years and older in Canada who experienced non-physical maltreatment during childhood. Multivariable regression analyses were used to examine associations between five types of nonphysical child maltreatment and suicidal ideation, and mental health disorders. Results Overall, interpersonal aggression was the most common (45.7%), followed by emotional abuse (40.4%) and emotional neglect (20.0%). Individuals who experienced any type of non-physical maltreatment in childhood had a higher probability of lifetime suicidal ideation than those who never experienced the maltreatment examined. Mood disorder diagnoses were more likely among those who experienced emotional abuse, interpersonal aggression, and emotional neglect than among those who never experienced these types of maltreatment. Compared with those who never experienced the maltreatment examined, individuals who experienced emotional abuse, interpersonal aggression, emotional neglect, or physical neglect were more likely to be diagnosed with an anxiety disorder. Diagnoses of post-traumatic stress disorder were more likely among those who experienced emotional and physical neglect than among those who never experienced these types of maltreatment. Interpretation Non-physical child maltreatment is associated with suicidal ideation and mental health disorders. The findings highlight the importance of including non-physical types of child maltreatment on population-based surveys to differentiate associations with mental health outcomes to better align interventions and policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Intense emotions following physical, psychological, and cognitive changes in adolescents may lead to aggression. Aggressive adolescents, due to negative experiences in relationships, are at risk for multiple psychological problems. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy on cognitive flexibility and alexithymia in aggressive adolescents. Methods and Materials: This quasi-experimental study employed a pre-test, post-test design with a control group. The statistical population included all high school students (grades 1 and 2) in Shahdad County during the 2021-2022 academic year. Thirty students were selected using convenience sampling from these schools, having scored higher than 78 on the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire. Out of these, 30 students were randomly assigned to experimental (n=15) and control (n=15) groups. The research instruments included the Cognitive Flexibility Inventory (Dennis & Vander Wal, 2010), the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (1994), and the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire. Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was used to analyze the data using SPSS-26 software. Findings: The findings indicated that dialectical behavior therapy had a significant effect on cognitive flexibility and alexithymia in aggressive adolescents (p<0.005). Conclusion: Considering the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy on cognitive flexibility and alexithymia in aggressive adolescents, the implementation of intervention methods based on dialectical behavior therapy, particularly for emotional regulation and increasing cognitive flexibility, is recommended in schools and for high school students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Healthcare professionals frequently encounter various forms of aggression, ranging from verbal abuse to physical assaults, which can compromise both their occupational well-being and patient-care quality. Despite its prevalence and serious consequences, workplace aggression is often underreported due to a lack of standardized assessment tools. This study aims to develop a valid Italian version of the Hospital Aggressive Behaviour Scale-Users. Methods: The scale's structure was evaluated using exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory (CFA) factor analyses on two samples of healthcare professionals during and after the pandemic. Reliability, measurement invariance, and nomological validity were examined. Results: EFA revealed a two-factor structure comprising eight items (χ2 = 59.651, df = 13, p = 0.00; CFI = 0.98; TLI = 0.95; RMSEA = 0.07; SRMR = 0.02), distinguishing non-physical and physical aggression, and meeting all recommended criteria. CFA confirmed this structure, demonstrating good reliability and outperforming alternative models. The same factor structure was confirmed in standard (χ2 = 35.01, df = 19, p = 0.00; CFI = 0.99; TLI = 0.99; RMSEA = 0.03; SRMR = 0.02) and emergency (χ2 = 30.65, df = 19, p = 0.04; CFI = 0.98; TLI = 0.97; RMSEA = 0.06; SRMR = 0.04) contexts. Full residual invariance was found across job tenure groups. Aggression was positively associated with emotional exhaustion, psychological distance, psychosomatic symptoms, post-traumatic stress symptoms, and turnover intentions while negatively related to job satisfaction. Nurses and healthcare assistants reported higher levels of aggression than doctors. Conclusions: This study provides a reliable, context-specific instrument for documenting and analysing outsider aggression. The insights can inform targeted interventions, contributing to a healthier hospital environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim. To understand the current situation of upward bullying in the Chinese nursing field and explore the manifestations, reasons, and outcomes of upward bullying experienced by Chinese nurse managers. Background. Workplace bullying, a serious social problem, is characterised by recurring incidents of intimidating, aggressive, and hostile behaviour. Bullying in the nursing profession exhibits all or some of the above traits. The evidence of upward bullying by subordinate nurses against nurses in positions of authority or power is limited in China. Methods. This qualitative study was conducted with semistructured, in‐depth interviews involving 12 hospital nurse managers in Wuhan, Hubei Province, between June and August 2023. The data were analysed using the Colaizzi seven‐step analysis method with Nvivo 12.0 software as a support. Results. We grouped our findings into three main categories: manifestations of upward bullying; reasons for upward bullying; and outcomes of upward bullying. Conclusions. Nurse managers in China are exposed to upward bullying in many forms and for complex reasons. More emphasis needs to be given to creating a positive work environment for them to facilitate their managerial role. Implications for Nursing Management. This study probes the realities of upward bullying against Chinese nurse managers and highlights the need for managers to develop the skills needed to identify, manage, and prevent bullying from subordinates. By contributing to the development of interventions and strategies that address workplace bullying, this study shows promise for enhancing managerial effectiveness and improving the nursing practice environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Ultimatum Game is an effective tool for understanding how social decision-making is influenced by emotions in both research and clinical settings. Previous findings have shown that the Ultimatum Game can evoke negative emotions, especially anger and aggression. In a sample of non-clinical adults (N = 143) we evaluated the sensitivity of an anger-infused version of the Ultimatum Game to individual differences in anger and irritability. Findings showed significant relationships between anger and aggressive behaviors in the Ultimatum game, but no association between irritability and aggressive behavior were observed. This indicates that the anger-infused Ultimatum Game is a promising method for studying individual differences in trait anger and anger expression. However, the relationship between decision-making in the anger-infused Ultimatum Game and irritability is less straight forward and needs further investigation. Therefore, when studying the behavioral responses of irritability, it would be beneficial to capture other behaviors beyond aggressive responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The reason for this study was void of a data‐driven imminent risk assessment instrument for aggression in psychiatry clinics in Estonia. The predictive accuracy of the observer‐rated Dynamic Assessment of Situational Aggression (DASA) has been repeatedly demonstrated. However, the research gap remains regarding a deeper conceptual understanding of the underlying latent structure of the DASA. Aim: Comprehensively evaluate the psychometric properties of the Estonian DASA version for cross‐cultural clinical use. Method: We used a prospective repeated measure design and collected 6097 risk evaluations from 381 adult inpatients, 151 of whom committed 1013 aggressive incidents during the study. Results: The Estonian DASA version has acceptable inter‐rater reliability (Kendall's τ = 0.74) and is a useful instrument with excellent predictive validity (AUC = 0.86) for identifying potentially aggressive inpatients. In our sample, the DASA has a bi‐factorial structure which explains 83% of the total variance. Discussion: The adapted DASA has acceptable validity and reliability indices for measuring imminent aggression risk in adult inpatient units. Implications for Practice: Evidence‐based risk assessment of aggression in psychiatric clinics enhances recognition of the signs of potentially aggressive behaviour in order to apply preventive actions and reduce aggression, thereby improving the quality of the care provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quarantine guidelines that arose with the COVID-19 pandemic limited opportunities for social interaction, raising concerns about increases in intimate partner violence and cyberabuse while simultaneously restricting access to help. The current study assessed increases in cyberabuse, sexual aggression, and intimate partner violence victimization and perpetration during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in a U.S. nationally representative sample of young adults ages 18 to 35, recruited from a probability-based household panel. Data were collected between November 2020 and May 2021. Descriptive analyses were conducted to assess the prevalence of any self-reported increase in cyberabuse, sexual aggression, or intimate partner victimization or perpetration during the COVID-19 pandemic. Logistic regression models were run for each outcome measuring any increase compared to no increase. Approximately one in ten U.S. young adults ages 18 to 35 reported experiencing an increase in cyberabuse victimization (12.6%) and cyberabuse perpetration (8.9%) during the pandemic. Similar proportions were observed for increased sexual aggression victimization (11.8%) and perpetration (9.0%). More than one in five respondents (21.4%) reported that their intimate partner was more physically, sexually, or emotionally aggressive toward them during the pandemic. Conversely, 16.2% of respondents reported that they were more physically, sexually, or emotionally aggressive themselves toward an intimate partner, compared to their behavior before the onset of the pandemic. Having an intimate partner and staying at home more than usual during the pandemic were protective factors for both cyberabuse and sexual aggression victimization. Respondent age, education, and race and ethnicity were not associated with increased victimization or perpetration of cyberabuse or sexual aggression. However, women reported lower odds of increased sexual aggression perpetration than men. These findings improve understanding of changes to interpersonal abuse and associated risk factors during a period of social disruption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study us to analyze the difference of bullying (traditional bullying and cyberbullying) in rural and urban contexts. A total of 1094 junior and senior high school students (62.5% from urban areas, 37.6% from rural areas) from the region of Castile-La Mancha (Spain) took part herein. The results showed a similar proportion of intervention in all bullying roles and in polybullying in urban and rural context schools. However, victimization and physical bullying perpetration is more frequent in schools in urban areas. In rural schools, aggression is normally aimed at schoolmates. Regression showed the link between context and perpetration role. Victims in rural settings expressed greater distress than victims in schools in urban areas. These results indicate that the size of the population where the schools are located may be a relevant factor for the intervention, as well as the need for intervention at individual, group and community level in collaboration between schools and social services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]