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NASICON-structured Li 1.3 Al 0.3 Ti 1.7 (PO 4) 3 (LATP) solid electrolyte has low grain boundary conductivity, which impedes its practical application. Herein, W was adopted to partially replace the Al element in LATP to improve its grain boundary conductivity. The W doping reduces the crystal lattice of the electrolyte, which is detrimental to the grain conductivity. But the doping of W can make the grains closely connect and reduce the voids between the grains, which can greatly enhance the grain boundary conductivity. The LATP sample with the W doping content of 0.03 (LATWP003) exhibits the highest total ionic conductivity of 1.186 mS/cm at 30 ℃, which results from the optimum grain boundary conductivity of 2.315 mS/cm. Moreover, the LATWP003 electrolyte displays a negligible electronic conductivity of 2.01×10−9 S/cm. The LiFePO 4 /LATWP003/Li battery with PVDF-HFP polymer protective layer can be charged and discharged. Therefore, the W doped LATP sample is a promising electrolyte for lithium-ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Clinician notes are structured in a variety of ways. This research pilot tested an innovative study design and explored the impact of note formats on diagnostic accuracy and documentation review time. Objective: To compare two formats for clinical documentation (narrative format vs. list of findings) on clinician diagnostic accuracy and documentation review time. Method: Participants diagnosed written clinical cases, half in narrative format, and half in list format. Diagnostic accuracy (defined as including correct case diagnosis among top three diagnoses) and time spent processing the case scenario were measured for each format. Generalised linear mixed regression models and bias-corrected bootstrap percentile confidence intervals for mean paired differences were used to analyse the primary research questions. Results: Odds of correctly diagnosing list format notes were 26% greater than with narrative notes. However, there is insufficient evidence that this difference is significant (75% CI 0.8–1.99). On average the list format notes required 85.6 more seconds to process and arrive at a diagnosis compared to narrative notes (95% CI -162.3, −2.77). Of cases where participants included the correct diagnosis, on average the list format notes required 94.17 more seconds compared to narrative notes (75% CI -195.9, −8.83). Conclusion: This study offers note format considerations for those interested in improving clinical documentation and suggests directions for future research. Balancing the priority of clinician preference with value of structured data may be necessary. Implications: This study provides a method and suggestive results for further investigation in usability of electronic documentation formats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic compounds display several electronic and structural features which enable their application in various fields, ranging from biological to non-biological. These compounds contain heteroatoms like sulfur, nitrogen and oxygen, which provide coordination sites to act as ligands in the field of coordination chemistry and are used as chemosensors to detect various metal ions. This review article covers different organic compounds including thiourea, Schiff base, pyridine, thiophene, coumarin, triazolyl pyrenes, imidazole, fluorescein, thiazole, tricarbocyanine, rhodanine, porphyrin, hydrazone, benzidine and other functional groups based chemosensors, that contain heteroatoms like sulfur, nitrogen and, oxygen for fluorimetric and colorimetric detection of Ag+ in different environmental, agricultural, and biological samples. Further, the sensing mechanism and performances of these chemosensors have been discussed, which could help the readers for the future design of highly efficient, selective, and sensitive chemosensors for the detection and determination of Ag+ ions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scanning tunneling microscopy shows that copper deposited at room temperature onto a freshly exfoliated MoS2 surface forms Cu(111) clusters with periodic preferred heights of 5, 8, and 11 atomic layers. These height intervals correlate with Fermi nesting regions along the necks of the bulk Cu Fermi surface, indicating a connection between physical and electronic structures. Density functional theory calculations of freestanding Cu(111) films support this as well, predicting a lower density of states at the Fermi level for these preferred heights. This is consistent with other noble metals deposited on MoS2 that exhibit electronic growth, in which the metal films self-assemble as nanostructures minimizing quantum electronic energies. Here, we have discovered that it is critical for the metal deposition to begin on a clean MoS2 surface. If copper is deposited onto an already Cu coated surface, even if the original film displays electronic growth, the resulting Cu film lacks quantization. Instead, the preferred heights of the Cu clusters simply increase linearly with the amount of Cu deposited upon the surface. We believe this is due to different bonding conditions during the initial stages of growth. Newly deposited copper would bond strongly to the already present copper clusters, rather than the weak bonding, which exists to the van der Waals terminated surface of MoS2. The stronger bonding with previously deposited clusters hinders additional Cu atoms from reaching their lowest quantum energy state. The interface characteristics of the van der Waals surface enable surface engineering of self-assembled structures to achieve different applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scanning tunneling microscopy shows that copper deposited at room temperature onto a freshly exfoliated MoS2 surface forms Cu(111) clusters with periodic preferred heights of 5, 8, and 11 atomic layers. These height intervals correlate with Fermi nesting regions along the necks of the bulk Cu Fermi surface, indicating a connection between physical and electronic structures. Density functional theory calculations of freestanding Cu(111) films support this as well, predicting a lower density of states at the Fermi level for these preferred heights. This is consistent with other noble metals deposited on MoS2 that exhibit electronic growth, in which the metal films self-assemble as nanostructures minimizing quantum electronic energies. Here, we have discovered that it is critical for the metal deposition to begin on a clean MoS2 surface. If copper is deposited onto an already Cu coated surface, even if the original film displays electronic growth, the resulting Cu film lacks quantization. Instead, the preferred heights of the Cu clusters simply increase linearly with the amount of Cu deposited upon the surface. We believe this is due to different bonding conditions during the initial stages of growth. Newly deposited copper would bond strongly to the already present copper clusters, rather than the weak bonding, which exists to the van der Waals terminated surface of MoS2. The stronger bonding with previously deposited clusters hinders additional Cu atoms from reaching their lowest quantum energy state. The interface characteristics of the van der Waals surface enable surface engineering of self-assembled structures to achieve different applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For liquid crystal display‐based devices, the memory sub‐system and backlight consume a notable amount of energy, posing a critical concern, especially for portable devices. This work introduces an integrated display system (IDS) aimed at combining technologies for energy‐efficient memory usage and backlight power optimization, which have been addressed independently until now in the existing literature. Two modifications of approximated memory are proposed to find an optimal scheme for energy‐efficient memory usage as part of the proposed IDS schemes. Additionally, three distinct IDS schemes are proposed and compared to identify an optimum solution, ensuring energy efficiency maximization while maintaining image quality for each image. Experimental results demonstrate that 42.19% of energy consumption in memory access and 37.57% of the backlight power consumption can be reduced, while maintaining the image quality in terms of two different metrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The agility of satellites equipped with large and flexible structures, such as solar panels or antennas, poses a significant challenge due to the influence of elastic dynamics on attitude motion. This results in reduced pointing accuracy and dimensional stability of the payload. To address this issue, an Active Collocated Attitude Control (ACAC) system has been developed, utilizing actuators for both the elastic dynamics (distributed piezoelectric devices) and attitude control (ON-OFF thrusters). In the initial phase of the project, the algorithm underwent extensive verification using a high-fidelity numerical model of a spacecraft with two very-low frequency flexible solar panels and a payload consisting of two long booms and a transversal antenna's reflector. The paper focuses on the second phase of the project, which revolves around the experimental verification of the control architecture concept. To achieve this, a scaling procedure employing the dynamic analogy approach was implemented to determine the design parameters of a free-floating platform equipped with elastic appendages. This ensured that the resulting elastic multibody system displayed similar dynamic behavior to the full-scale satellite. Based on the scaling parameters, a test rig was manufactured, and actuators and sensors were optimally positioned. The performance of the ACAC system was then compared to that of traditional benchmark controllers. The results show that the ACAC system demonstrates superior capabilities in performing fast slew maneuvers without developing unstable interactions with the elastic dynamics. • Agile maneuvers of large satellites could excite rigid-flexible interactions. • A robust control of attitude and elastic dynamics is implemented to improve agility. • Performance obtained with numerical models is verified with scaled-down test-rig. • Simplified dynamic equations are developed to determine scaling conditions. • Experimental results of the robust control are consistent with simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polymer self-assembly can prepare various shapes and sizes of pores, making it widely used. The complexity and diversity of biomolecules make them a unique class of building blocks for precise assembly. They are particularly suitable for the new generation of biomaterials integrated with life systems as they possess inherent characteristics such as accurate identification, self-organization, and adaptability. Therefore, many excellent methods developed have led to various practical results. At the same time, the development of advanced science and technology has also expanded the application scope of self-assembly of synthetic polymers. By utilizing this technology, materials with unique shapes and properties can be prepared and applied in the field of tissue engineering. Nanomaterials with transparent and conductive properties can be prepared and applied in fields such as electronic displays and smart glass. Multi-dimensional, controllable, and multi-level self-assembly between nanostructures has been achieved through quantitative control of polymer dosage and combination, chemical modification, and composite methods. Here, we list the classic applications of natural- and artificially synthesized polymer self-assembly in the fields of biomedicine and materials, introduce the cutting-edge technologies involved in these applications, and discuss in-depth the advantages, disadvantages, and future development directions of each type of polymer self-assembly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-entropy pyrochlore iridates A2Ir2O7 with multiple trivalent A cations were synthesized. The parent ternary A2Ir2O7 displays a variety of electronic phases depending on the size of A cations; Pr2Ir2O7 with a large A cation shows semimetallic behavior down to low temperatures, whereas A2Ir2O7 with smaller A cations, such as Nd2Ir2O7 and Eu2Ir2O7, displays a (semi)metal to magnetic insulator transition as a function of temperature. By further reducing the A cation size, smaller than Y3+, A2Ir2O7 becomes a Mott insulator, and long-range magnetic order takes place below room temperature. The metal–insulator transition and magnetic ordering turned out to be robust against strong disorder induced by the mixing of more than five A-cations in the high-entropy A2Ir2O7. The transition temperatures were found to scale with the average ionic radius of multiple A-cations. In contrast, high-entropy A2Ir2O7 including Bi3+ exhibits metallic behavior down to 2 K, which is likely associated with the presence of oxygen vacancies as in the parent Bi2Ir2O7. Although these indicate that the overall electronic structure of A2Ir2O7 remains intact in the presence of high-entropy configuration at the A-site, the transport properties suggest that fine details of the band structure may be modulated by local distortion. Strong disorder at the A-site of complex oxides may be exploited as a tool to control electronic properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The obligated implementation of the Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS) began ten years ago, and during this time, we could observe different types of familiarization with the system through its users. The incorrect use of the ECDIS is a problem recognized by the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO), and it is caused by disparate levels of education and the quality of courses. Another aspect of the recognized problem is the unequal length of the ECDIS specific course training period through which users acquire type-specific familiarization with the system. Switching between different types of ECDISs makes users more prone to errors until they become fully familiar with the new product system. This paper analyzes seafarers' knowledge and ECDIS usage over a 6-year period. Based on obtained data, models that enable risk analysis based on conditional probability were created. This paper presents the use of Bayesian modeling to reduce errors in maritime accidents caused by inadequate use of the ECDIS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electronic displays, including laptops, tablets, and smartphones, have dramatically altered the way information is accessed and become significant factors in human daily life. They interfere with the blink rate and increase dry eye symptoms, which lead to more discomfort compared to hard copy while reading. Digital eye strain occurs when an individual suffers from symptoms, or they are exacerbated, while performing a task requiring digital screen viewing. This study assessed the tear film status immediately following reading on a laptop computer screen versus an identical hard copy. Thirty young adults with normal ocular health and reporting no significant symptoms of dry eye (ocular surface disease index (OSDI) score < 13 and non-invasive tear break-up time (NITBUT) > 10 seconds) read a text as hard copy and on a laptop computer screen for 30 min on separate days in a random sequence in a controlled reading experimental condition. The texts were matched in size and contrast and presented at a viewing distance of 40 cm. The NITBUT and strip meniscometry tube tests were administered at baseline and after reading in both conditions. The median baseline NITBUT decreased from 13.0 s to 10.0 s (P < 0.001) after hardcopy reading and to 7.0 (P < 0.001) after reading from a laptop computer screen, with a significant difference between the task medium (P = 0.001). The baseline strip meniscometry tube results decreased from 6.7 mm to 5.0 mm (P < 0.001) after hardcopy reading and to 5.0 mm (P < 0.001) after reading from a laptop computer screen, but there was no significant difference with the task medium (P = 0.085). Reading in both conditions led to tear film instability in terms of the tear film quality and quantity. Additionally, the computer screen has a greater impact on the TBUT compared to hardcopy reading, while these two reading mediums had a similar effect on the tear volume. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flexible glass with high bending strength is a remarkable component of flexible electronic displays. However, as a brittle material, its bending properties often do not meet requirements of application. To address this challenge, the application of chemical strengthening stands out as a viable approach to significantly bolster scratch resistance and bending strength in flexible glass. This study focuses on a conventional one‐step chemical strengthening method, employing molten potassium nitrate, to reinforce ultrathin aluminosilicate glass produced through the secondary down‐drawing thermoforming process. Effects of ion‐exchange temperature and time on mechanical properties of strengthened 110 µm flexible glass were investigated, and moreover, properties of strengthened ultrathin flexible glass with various thicknesses were compared. The results indicate that, after chemical strengthening at 380°C for 1 h, the compressive stress (CS) of 110 µm glass reaches 864.60 MPa, and the depth of layer is 15.86 µm, at which time the glass has the best bending performance and scratch resistance, and half of the faceplate spacing during glass breakage can be enhanced from 38.02 ± 2.7 to 8.40 ± 0.62 mm. For ultrathin flexible glass from 40 to 110 µm, after treatment at 380°C for 1 h, the CS of thick glass is higher than that of thin glass, and the enhancement of bending performance is better. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self‐powered pressure detection using smart wearable devices is the subject of intense research attention, which is intended to address the critical need for prolonged and uninterrupted operations. Current piezoelectric and triboelectric sensors well respond to dynamic stimuli while overlooking static stimuli. This study proposes a dual‐response potentiometric pressure sensor that responds to both dynamic and static stimuli. The proposed sensor utilizes interdigital electrodes with MnO2/carbon/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as the cathode and conductive silver paste as the anode. The electrolyte layer incorporates a mixed hydrogel of PVA and phosphoric acid. The optimized interdigital electrodes and sandpaper‐like microstructured surface of the hydrogel electrolyte contribute to enhanced performance by facilitating an increased contact area between the electrolyte and electrodes. The sensor features an open‐circuit voltage of 0.927 V, a short‐circuit current of 6 µA, a higher sensitivity of 14 mV/kPa, and outstanding cycling performance (>5000 cycles). It can accurately recognize letter writing and enable capacitor charging and LED lighting. Additionally, a data acquisition and display system employing the proposed sensor, which facilitates the monitoring of athletes' rehabilitation training, and machine learning algorithms that effectively guide rehabilitation actions are presented. This study offers novel solutions for the future development of smart wearable devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electronic paper displays rely on electrokinetic effects in nonpolar solvents to drive the displacement of colloidal particles within a fluidic cell. While Electrophoresis (EP) is a well-established and frequently employed phenomenon, electro-osmosis (EO), which drives fluid flow along charged solid surfaces, has not been studied as extensively. We hypothesize that by exploiting the interplay between these effects, an enhanced particle transport can be achieved. In this study, we experimentally investigate the combined effects of EP and EO for colloidal particles in non-polar solvents, driven by an electric field. We use astigmatism micro-particle tracking velocimetry (A- μ PTV) to measure the motion of charged particles within model fluidic cells. Using a simple approach that relies on basic fluid flow properties we extract the contributions due to EP and EO, finding that EO contributes significantly to particle transport. The validity of our approach is confirmed by measurements on particles with different magnitudes of charge, and by comparison to numerical simulations. We find that EO flows can play a dominant role in the transport of particles in electrokinetic display devices. This can be exploited to speed up particle transport, potentially yielding displays with significantly faster switching times. Interplay of electrokinetic effects : Driven by the applied electric field, both electro-osmosis (EO, top left), which drives a flow along the surfaces of the fluidic cell, and electrophoresis (EP, top right), which drives a migration of particles relative to the background liquid, occur in our system. A typical example of the resultant particle velocity field (bottom) illustrates the important role of EO on particle transport in the fluidic cell. • Studied electrokinetics of particles in nonpolar solvent using astigmatism micro-PTV. • Both electrophoresis (EP) and electro-osmosis (EO) play important roles. • Combination of EO and EP could be exploited in faster switching e-paper displays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The field of automatic electrocardiogram (ECG) analysis has gained significant attention due to its potential for enhancing diagnostic accuracy and efficiency. An InceptionTime model enhanced with a lead-wise prior knowledge framework (LPKF) has been specifically developed to address the intricate challenge of multi-label ECG classification using the PTB-XL dataset. This model has demonstrated high performance, yielding superior Macro-AUC and F1 scores compared to other state-of-the-art studies. The objective of this study is to further assess the quality and interpretability of the LPKFenhanced InceptionTime model. Methods: The Grad-CAM technique has been adopted for analysis. The Grad-CAM method involves generating maps that highlight the regions of the ECG waveforms the model focuses on while making its predictions. This technique operates by computing the gradients of the target class scores with respect to the feature maps in the final convolutional layer. These gradients are then used to produce a localization map that indicates the most relevant regions contributing to the decision. Result: Grad-CAM visualizations of randomly selected ECG signals reveal the model's focus areas, which align well with clinical knowledge and provide clear, actionable insights into the decision-making process. Conclusion: The integration of Grad-CAM technique has verified the transparency and reliability of the LPKF-enhanced Inception Time approach, confirming its utility and effectiveness in clinical applications [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China has implemented an alert mechanism to assist companies in complying with anti-monopoly rules. The mechanism, established in 2022 and expanded in 2024, aims to remind companies of their filing obligations under merger control rules. It has been successful in reducing the risk of failures to file reportable transactions and promoting fair market competition. The use of digital technology is seen as crucial in enhancing the effectiveness of the regulatory regime. The mechanism is efficient, open, and cost-effective, and includes alerts during corporate registration and leverages data technology to improve accuracy. [Extracted from the article]

Electrochromic (EC) fibers capable of optical transmission, reflection, and emission modulation are highly desired for promising applications in electronic display, adaptive camouflage, and visual sensation. However, the non‐uniform electric field of the fiber structure and the lack of electrochemically stable transparent conductive electrodes still limit the practical applications of EC fibers. In this work, scalable EC fibers with long‐range modulation performance and electrochemical stability are fabricated using Ag@Au nanowires (AANWs) nanonetwork and parallel dual‐electrode. Benefiting from the electrochemically resistant Au shell layer that inhibits the oxidation of the nanonetwork electrodes, the EC fibers still maintain excellent EC performance even after 300 color changes. The synergistic interaction between the unique AANWs nanonetwork and the parallel dual‐electrode structure enables the 10 m‐long EC fibers to maintain rapid switching speeds and excellent color uniformity. Additionally, the utilization of mechanical looms to weave long EC fibers has facilitated the practical application of EC fibers in wearable displays, adaptive camouflage, and visual sensation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive Summary: Duration‐tunable afterglow materials have garnered considerable attention in various applications. Herein, carbon dots (CDs)‐based long persistent luminescence (LPL) composites with a tunable duration in an ultrawide range of seconds‐to‐hours levels were designed and prepared for the first time. In contrast to the established CD‐based afterglow materials, we reported that CD‐based composites exhibit LPL in the form of exciplexes and long‐lived charge‐separated states, enabling the LPL to be prolonged from several seconds to over one hour, exceeding the typical regulation range (limited to 1 min). Further studies revealed that the relationship between the excited and charge‐transfer states of CDs plays a pivotal role in activating the LPL and regulating its duration. Furthermore, these composites exhibited high photoluminescence (PL) quantum yields of up to 60.63%, and their LPL was robust under ambient conditions, even in aqueous media. Their robust and superior LPL performance endows these composites with a strong competitive advantage in dynamic display systems, such as tags for time‐resolved data encryption and displays of the remaining time of takeaways. This study offers an approach to preparing CDs‐based LPL composites with tunable durations and may provide new insights for the development of rare‐earth‐free LPL materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive Summary: Duration‐tunable afterglow materials have garnered considerable attention in various applications. Herein, carbon dots (CDs)‐based long persistent luminescence (LPL) composites with a tunable duration in an ultrawide range of seconds‐to‐hours levels were designed and prepared for the first time. In contrast to the established CD‐based afterglow materials, we reported that CD‐based composites exhibit LPL in the form of exciplexes and long‐lived charge‐separated states, enabling the LPL to be prolonged from several seconds to over one hour, exceeding the typical regulation range (limited to 1 min). Further studies revealed that the relationship between the excited and charge‐transfer states of CDs plays a pivotal role in activating the LPL and regulating its duration. Furthermore, these composites exhibited high photoluminescence (PL) quantum yields of up to 60.63%, and their LPL was robust under ambient conditions, even in aqueous media. Their robust and superior LPL performance endows these composites with a strong competitive advantage in dynamic display systems, such as tags for time‐resolved data encryption and displays of the remaining time of takeaways. This study offers an approach to preparing CDs‐based LPL composites with tunable durations and may provide new insights for the development of rare‐earth‐free LPL materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Even though monitoring and control enactment are key aspects of self‐regulated learning (SRL), Adaptive learning technologies (ALTs) may reduce the need for learners to monitor and control their learning. Personalized dashboards are effective in supporting learners' monitoring and can potentially support control behaviour. Allowing learners to enact control over their learning process, seems to hold potential for increasing their motivation. Objectives: Therefore, this study's aim was to investigate the relation between control enactment and motivation. We examined how learners enacted control while learning with an ALT with personalized dashboards and examined the relation between learners' enactment of control and their motivation. Methods: Seventy‐eight primary school learners (Grade 5) participated. During the lesson, learners worked on mathematics in the ALT and concurrently were shown personalized visualizations that supported monitoring and enacting control over their learning process. Learners could enact control to change problems' difficulty to easy, medium, or hard. Motivation was measured before and after learning. Results: The SEM analyses showed that how learners enacted control was related to their motivation. Choosing difficult problems was related to more enjoyment and competence while choosing easy problems related to more pressure and tension. Learners who complied with the suggested difficulty level experienced less choice, but also less pressure/tension and more enjoyment and competence. Conclusions: These results provide avenues to account for broader learner characteristics like SRL and motivation to optimize learning. This way, hybrid systems in which control enactment is a shared responsibility of the system and learner, can be improved to support SRL development. Lay Description: What is currently known: Monitor and control enactment are key aspects of self‐regulated learning (SRL).Adaptive learning technologies may reduce the need for learners to monitor and control their learning.Personalized dashboards support learners' monitoring behaviour and can potentially also support control enactment.Enactment of control could positively affect learners' motivation. What does this paper add: There is a large variation in how learners enact control and whether they comply with the scaffold.Learners who chose more difficult problems experienced more enjoyment, while learners choosing easy problems, experienced more pressure.Learners complied with the scaffold, experienced less choice, but also less pressure and more enjoyment.This study provides avenues to account for broader learner characteristics like SRL and motivation to optimize learning. Practical implications: Support control enactment by actively involve learners in choice during the learning process.Offer monitor and enactment in conjunction, as learners can only make well‐founded choices if they can monitor their learning process.Intrinsically and extrinsically motivated learners showed different choice patterns and learning experience.It is important to have an understanding and monitoring of learners' motivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluates the feasibility of an augmented reality (AR) head-mounted device (HMD) displaying a dynamic navigation system (DNS) in the surgical site for fiber postremoval in maxillary molars and compares it to the DNS technique. Fifty maxillary first molars were divided into 2 groups: AR HMD + DNS (n = 25) and DNS (n = 25). The palatal canal was restored with RelyX fiber post (3M ESPE) luted with RelyX Unicem (3M ESPE). A core buildup was performed using Paracore (Coltene/Whaledent). Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were taken before and after postremoval. The drilling trajectory and depth were planned under X-guide software (X-Nav Technologies, Lansdale, PA). For the AR HMD + DNS group, the AR HMD (Microsoft HoloLens 2) displayed the DNS in the surgical site. The three dimensional (3D) deviations (Global coronal deviation [GCD] and global apical deviation [GAD]) and angular deflection (AD) were calculated. The number of mishaps and operating time were recorded. Fiber post was removed from all samples (50/50). The AR HMD + DNS was more accurate than DNS, showing significantly lower GCD and GAD deviations and AD (P <.05). No mishap was detected. The AR HMD + DNS was as efficient in time as DNS (P >.05). Within the limitations of this in vitro study, the AR HMD can safely display DNS in the surgical site for fiber post-removal in maxillary molars. AR HMD improved the DNS accuracy. Both AR HMD + DNS and DNS were time-efficient for fiber postremoval in maxillary molars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides a simulation model for the electronic paper display device, the model can quickly and efficiently simulate the initial steady state of the electronic ink system, thus improving the efficiency of device development. It mainly includes the following contents: Obtaining the parameters of the model, then the built‐in electric field strength is calculated through the model parameter information and the pre‐ constructed built‐in electric field model. The motion of each charged particle is simulated to obtain the simulation relationship between the display gray scale and the applied electric field force. Finally, it make various charged particles reach the force equilibrium state, so as to realize the simulation of the voltage‐gray scale relationship of electronic ink system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have been the mainstay of technological innovation. Given the paucity of financial support, equity crowdfunding has become a popular way for SMEs to obtain project funds in recent years. Based on all successful crowdfunding projects on Seedrs, an equity crowdfunding platform, we delved into the impact of the content not displayed on project's presentation page, particularly past fundraising experiences, on fundraising performance. Additionally, we empirically explored the influence of three dimensions, namely whether there was past fundraising experience, the number of past fundraising experience(s), and the amount of the last fundraising, on the fundraising ratio and the number of investors. The research results indicate that (1) the fundraising ratio is not significantly related to whether there was past fundraising experience and the number of past fundraising experience(s), but positively related to the amount of the last fundraising; (2) the number of investors is not significantly related to whether there was past fundraising experience, but positively related to the number of past fundraising experience(s) and negatively related to the amount of the last fundraising. Theoretically, we explored the relations between the information not displayed and fundraising performance from the perspective of past fundraising experience, supplementing and enriching the related research. Practically, we revealed the information searching behaviors of investors and guided the crowdfunding platforms in the information display. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to global warming and the disturbance of the interannual variability of precipitation, the frequency of extreme drought events has increased. The impact of global climate change on water resources is becoming increasingly apparent, then it is particularly necessary to explore the carrying capacity of water ecological environment under extreme drought conditions, which can guarantee the ecological water security in river basins. This study takes the Guanzhong area of the Wei River Basin as an example, calculating the water environment carrying capacity of 40 areas in the Weihe Guanzhong area in different levels of years under extreme drought conditions by comprehensive evaluation model of carrying capacity and using geographic information system GIS to display the spatial distribution of water environment carrying capacity in 40 regions. According to the results of the spatial distribution of water environmental bearing capacity, four different schemes are designed to improve the bearing capacity. The first plan reduces the industrial water consumption and irrigation quota by 5%, the second plan increases the industrial water and sewage treatment rate on this basis. the third plan further improves the development and utilization rate of surface and groundwater, and the fourth plan, on the basis of the first three plans, supplies 600 million cubic meters of industrial and agricultural water to Guanzhong region. Through comparative analysis, without taking any measures, under the extreme drought conditions, the water environment carrying capacity of the 40 areas in Guanzhong is all in an unbearable state. Overall, plan 4 has the most significant improvement in the water environment-carrying capacity, especially the Dong zhuang Reservoir of the Jing River which has played a very important role in enhancing the water ecological environment carrying capacity of the downstream water of the Wei River. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transparent radiative cooling holds the promise to efficiently manage thermal conditions in various electronic devices without additional energy consumption. Radiative cooling cover windows designed for foldable and flexible displays could enhance cooling capacities in the ubiquitous deployment of flexible electronics in outdoor environments. However, previous demonstrations have not met the optical, mechanical, and moisture-impermeable criteria for such cover windows. Herein, we report transparent radiative cooling metamaterials with a thickness of 50 microns as a cover window of foldable and flexible displays by rational design and synthesis of embedding optically-modulating microstructures in clear polyimide. The resulting outcome not only includes excellent light emission in the atmospheric window under the secured optical transparency but also provides enhanced mechanical and moisture-impermeable properties to surpass the demands of target applications. Our metamaterials not only substantially mitigate the temperature rise in heat-generating devices exposed to solar irradiance but also enhance the thermal management of devices in dark conditions. The light output performance of light-emitting diodes in displays on which the metamaterials are deployed is greatly enhanced by suppressing the performance deterioration associated with thermalization. In this work, authors synthesize transparent radiative cooling cover windows for flexible and foldable electronic devices. Besides demonstrated enhanced mechanical and moisture-impermeable properties, these mitigate temperature rise of devices under solar irradiation and improve overall thermal management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrochromic devices (ECDs) possess the performance advantages in terms of color adjustability, low power consumption, and visual friendliness, emerging as one of the ideal candidates for energy‐efficient smart windows, next‐generation displays, and wearable electronics. The optical and electrical characteristics of ECDs can be adjusted by modifying the materials or structure of devices. This review summarizes the recent developments of innovative technologies and key materials of ECDs for display applications, highlighting the key issues and development trends in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a court case in France regarding the patentability of a method for displaying the mission of an aircraft over time. The court ruled that certain features of the method constituted technical means and therefore the invention was not excluded from patentability. However, the court criticized the lower court for not providing a legal basis for its decision. The article also discusses a patent application for a method of displaying the stages of an aircraft mission, which was rejected by the Director General of the INPI. The court determined that certain claims of the patent application did have technical characteristics and were not excluded from patentability, but noted that the description of the patent application lacked technical details. The article also mentions a recent decision by the French Supreme Court regarding the patentability of a method for displaying waypoints of a flight plan on a cockpit screen. The Supreme Court disagreed with the court of appeal's ruling, stating that a "technical contribution" had not been established. The article highlights the changing cultural perspective in France regarding the eligibility of computer-implemented inventions and raises questions about the future approach to patentability and inventive step in the country. [Extracted from the article]

The transmission of point cloud video streaming requires the scheduling of various computing and transmission resources. Existing research rarely considers the energy consumption issues caused by the computing tasks of terminal display devices. To solve this problem, a point cloud video streaming transmission scheme assisted by mobile edge computing (MEC) was proposed, which offloaded part of computing tasks to the MEC server based on the access bandwidth and point cloud video content. A joint optimization model was established in this scheme to maximize the quality of user's viewing experience and minimize the energy consumption of terminal device under the constraints of network resources, terminal and edge computing resources. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme can improve the viewing quality of users and reduce the energy consumption of terminal equipment compared with the contrast scheme under different conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of the information industry, the wearable three‐dimensional (3D) near‐eye display that can provide complete visual information has attracted increasing attention. Compared with other existing 3D display technologies, the holographic display is a promising true 3D display technology that can fully record and reproduce the original 3D scenes. The ability to present a continuous parallax and depth perception gives holography technology an unprecedented promise in the next‐generation 3D near‐eye display. However, currently available holographic near‐eye display systems can only provide a limited viewing area (including the field of view and eyebox), greatly restricting its practical application. Focusing on the development requirements of large viewing‐area 3D holographic near‐eye display, the reasons are introduced first why the viewing area of current holographic displays is limited and then the existing solutions from different aspects, including multiplexing‐based methods, steering viewing window methods, aperiodic wavefront modulation methods, and some emerging holographic display technologies are summarized. These various solutions are analyzed respectively, and their representative works are investigated. In addition, the different applications of holography in the near‐eye display system are also discussed. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of these techniques are compared and perspectives are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dashboards visually display quality and safety data to aid nurses in making informed decisions. Purpose: This systematic review evaluated quality improvement (QI) dashboard characteristics associated with interventions to improve patient outcomes and positive end-user evaluation. Methods: Literature was searched from 2012 to 2022 in PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar. Results: Sixteen articles were included. Varied dashboard characteristics were noted, with mixed patient outcomes and end-user responses. Graphs and tabular presentations were associated with improved patient outcomes, whereas graphs were associated with end-user satisfaction. Benchmarks were noted with improved patient outcomes but not end-user satisfaction. Interactive dashboards were important for end users and improved patient outcomes. Conclusion: Nurses can find dashboards helpful in guiding QI projects. Dashboards may include graphs and/or tables, benchmarks, and interactivity but should be useful, usable, and aligned to unit needs. Future research should focus on the use of quality dashboards in nursing practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the electrical performance of a‐Si TFT product on adjustable frequency display is studied. It is found that panel flicker behavior is related to a‐Si channel characteristics, which is related to the TFT Cgs capacitance increase at low display frequency. And it is also found that the relationship between brightness fluctuations and TFT leakage current affected by Poole‐Frenkel effect. By optimizing TFT process parameter to reduce the change of Cgs capacitance and reduce TFT leakage current in Poole‐Frenkel region, panel flicker performance is obviously improved. As a result, gaming display product can meet the G‐sync optical standard requirement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electronic paper (E‐paper) relies on reflecting ambient light to achieve information display, which mimics the appearance of printed papers, but owns the features of conventional electronic displays. The outstanding characters of E‐paper including visual health, comfortable outdoor viewing and ultra‐low power consumption, attracts increasingly interests in display society. E‐paper technology has evolved slowly in the field of color reproduction and video frame rate, until the arise of electrowetting display (EWD) technology. Benefits from the innately high speed response of microfluidics, EWD enables the displaying of color video content. In this report, the basic physics of electrowetting displays, including electro‐optical response and color reproduction method will be discussed. In this presentation, recent progress on above topics, including printed conductive pillar directed oil motion control and parallax issue in CMY stacked EWD device will also be discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Police Tactical Groups (PTGs) are specialist police units tasked with rigorous physical and psychosocial duties. Consequently, selection courses (SCs) for service in these units must also be rigorous. Given the intensity of SCs, holistic monitoring for potential overstress may be beneficial. Heart Rate Variability (HRV) is one holistic stress measure that can be obtained in austere environments. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to profile HRV during a PTG SC. Six (n = 6) qualified male police officers attempted a 36-hour PTG selection course held at an Australian state facility. METHODS: HRV was obtained from Equivitaltrademark EQ02 + LifeMonitor bioharnesses. The selection course consisted of physically demanding events with minimal sleep (approx. 45 mins). Only one candidate completed the full selection course; whose results are reported here. RESULTS: A visual time-series of 384 consecutive 5 min HRV analyses was generated. Contextual analysis was applied to appreciate HRV changes between SC serials. HRV decline occurred during the planning of a navigation exercise and a pack march. Increases in HRV were observed throughout the pack march exercise and rest period. CONCLUSION: This case study demonstrates the potential utility for selection personnel to obtain additional insight into candidate responses to various occupational challenges throughout an SC. Information provided by HRV monitoring may support leadership decisions when evaluating personnel holistically. For example, the ability to continue occupational task execution even while experiencing potential overstress (as measured by HRV) and after food and sleep deprivation is desirable. HRV may potentially inform stakeholders regarding overstress in PTG candidates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Electronic navigational charts (ENCs) are geospatial databases compiled in strict accordance with the technical specifications of the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO). Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS) is a Geographic Information System (GIS) operated by ENCs for real-time navigation at sea, which is one of the key technologies for intelligent ships to realize autonomous navigation, intelligent decision-making, and other functions. Facing the urgent demand for high-precision and real-time nautical chart products for polar navigation under the new situation, the projection of ENCs for polar navigation is systematically analyzed in this paper. Based on the theory of complex functions, we derive direct transformations of Mercator projection, polar Gauss-Krüger projection, and polar stereographic projection. A rational set of dynamic projection options oriented towards polar navigation is proposed with reference to existing specifications for the compilation of the ENCs. From the perspective of nautical users, rather than the GIS expert or professional cartographer, an ENCs visualization idea based on multithread-double buffering is integrated into Polar Region Electronic Navigational Charts software, which effectively solves the problem of large projection distortion in polar navigation applications. Taking the CGCS2000 reference ellipsoid as an example, the numerical analysis shows that the length distortion of the Mercator projection is less than 10% in the region up to 74°, but it is more than 80% at very high latitudes. The maximum distortion of the polar Gauss-Krüger projection does not exceed 10%. The degree of distortion of the polar stereographic projection is less than 1% above 79°. In addition, the computational errors of the direct conversion formulas do not exceed 1 0 − 9 m throughout the Arctic range. From the point of view of the computational efficiency of the direct conversion model, it takes no more than 0.1 s to compute nearly 8 million points at 1 ′ × 1 ′ resolution, which fully meets the demand for real-time nautical chart products under information technology conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Quantitative research and quality improvement (QI) both seek to improve care provided to patients. However, clinicians often blur the lines between how to appropriately analyze data from these methodologies. Clinicians may inappropriately use statistical analyses for QI initiatives, rather than using run and statistical process control (SPC) charts to analyze improvements in outcomes. Objective: The purpose of this article was to address the analytic methods used for QI initiatives in the clinical setting in an effort to show clinicians how to identify meaningful improvements in clinical practice. Methods: In this article, we provide an example comparing the same evidence-based practice/QI initiative (chlorhexidine gluconate bathing in a medical intensive care unit) using a quasi-experimental pretest/posttest research design with statistical analyses completed with t tests with analyses using run and SPC charts to show the data trended over time. Using a pretest/posttest design, chlorhexidine gluconate bathing compliance improved from 63%to 65%, a nonsignificant change, P = .075. These same data plotted on run and SPC charts, however, show a shift and a trend, indicating clinically significant improvements per QI methodologies. Conclusion: The example in this article highlights the pitfall of relying only on statistical analyses and P values to determine the importance of a clinical project, and provides a practical example for how run or SPC charts can be used to identify improvements over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Attaining highly uniform operations in a disordered system presents a persistent challenge. The utilization of ion migration in amorphous materials to trigger the resistive switching process of the material usually results in inferior uniformity of the memristive device. Here, we demonstrate that the resistive switching behavior can be activated through carrier doping in the disorder system, and highly ordered resistance modulation is achieved in Ag-doped albumen. By manipulating the doping level of the carrier, the localization of the free electron wavefunction can be tuned, leading to multi-level variations in resistance. This memristive switching behavior is in all electronic and displays excellent switching uniformity, holding great potential for applications in high-density memories and neuromorphic computing chips. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrochromic devices have important applications in building energy conservation, next‐generation displaying, and security encryption, while durable and high‐performance electrochromic materials are highly desirable. Herein, a Zn‐based electrochromic smart window by using 3D ordered macroporous amorphous WO3 (a‐WO3) arrays as cathode is reported. Benefiting from a 3D ordered macroporous structure with a high specific surface area that accelerates the ion diffusion and migration, and the oxygen vacancy modulated a‐WO3 providing abundant zinc ion insertion channels, the as‐fabricated zinc‐based a‐WO3 inverse opal (a‐WO3‐IO) device exhibits excellent electrochromic properties, including large light modulation (83% optical contrast at 700 nm), fast response time (5.3 s for coloring and 3.2 s for bleaching), and robust cycling stability. Moreover, a solid‐state a‐WO3‐IO prototype electrochromic smart window is demonstrated for light modulation, electronic display, and power supply. Furthermore, experimental results and theoretical calculations reveal that 3D macroporous amorphous WO3 with rich oxygen vacancies can enhance the zinc ion absorption and diffusion, leading to the enhancement of electrochromic performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mura defects of thin film transistor-liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD) panels have low contrast and random locations, which makes it impossible for us to correctly evaluate the number and type of mura defects on the image in the field inspection. In response to the above problems, this paper proposes a lightweight YOLO-ADPAM detection method based on an attention mechanism. First, we designed a K-means-ciou++ clustering algorithm using the Complete-Intersection-Over-Union loss function to cluster the anchor box size of the display defect dataset, making the bounding box regression more accurate and stable and improving the recognition and positioning accuracy of the algorithm. Second, we design a parallel attention module, combining the advantages of the channel and spatial attention mechanisms to effectively extract helpful information from feature maps. The channel attention branch can compensate for the defect information lost by global average pooling to a certain extent, and selecting a larger convolution kernel in the spatial attention branch is beneficial to retain crucial spatial information. Third, using atrous spatial pyramid pooling and depthwise separable convolution in the Neck network can further improve the receptive field of the feature map and improve the detection accuracy of the network. The experimental results show that the mAP of our proposed YOLO-ADPAM algorithm in TFT-LCD defect detection reaches 98.20%, and the detection speed reaches 83.23 FPS, which meets the detection accuracy and real-time requirements of TFT-LCD defect detection tasks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recent progress on the liquid crystalline (LC) dispersion of two‐dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides (MXenes) has propelled this unique nanomaterial into a realm of high‐performance architectures, such as films and fibers. Additionally, compared to architectures made from typical non‐LC dispersions, those derived from LC MXene possess tunable ion transport routes and enhanced conductivity and physical properties, demonstrating great potential for a wide range of applications, such as electronic displays, smart glasses, and thermal camouflage devices. This review provides an overview of the progress achieved in the production and processing of LC MXenes, including critical discussions on satisfying the required conditions for LC formation. It also highlights how acquiring LC MXenes has broadened the current solution‐based manufacturing paradigm of MXene‐based architectures, resulting in unprecedented performances in their conventional applications (e.g., energy storage and strain sensing) and in their emerging uses (e.g., tribology). Opportunities for innovation and foreseen challenges are also discussed, offering future research directions on how to further benefit from the exciting potential of LC MXenes with the aim of promoting their widespread use in designing and manufacturing advanced materials and applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let us consider the following scenario: A human is working with a corpus of text documents. In this corpus, the human needs to know documents with similar content and highlight relevant locations in the retrieved documents. An information system displaying the contents of the corpus and providing an information retrieval agent will help the human. To perform information retrieval on the corpus, the agent used internally in the information system may need additional data associated with the documents. In order to support this, the so-called Subjective Content Descriptions (SCDs) provide additional location-specific data for text documents. SCDs are subjective in the sense that the agent associates data with sentences to reflect the beliefs of users. In our scenario, the agent needs SCDs referencing sentences of similar content across various documents in the corpus and most text documents are not associated with SCDs. Therefore, this paper presents UESM, the Unsupervised Estimator for SCD Matrices, an approach to associate any corpus with SCDs. In an evaluation, we show that the performance of UESM in estimating topics of similar content in the corpus is on par with Latent Dirichlet Allocation, while UESM provides the SCDs referencing sentences of similar content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New crystalline tetranuclear cluster is prepared by the interaction of manganese(II) chloride with calix[4]arene 3 functionalized at the upper rim by distal p-(4-nitrophenyl)diazenyl and p-tert-butyl groups displaying different electronic effects and sizes. The structure of the cluster is studied by single-crystal XRD. Due to the presence of (4-nitrophenyl)diazenyl moieties at the upper rim of the macrocyclic ligand, the molecules of the tetranuclear clusters are involved in π-stacking interactions leading to the formation of 2D supramolecular layers affording a porous crystal packing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flat panel displays are electronic displays that are thin and lightweight, making them ideal for use in a wide range of applications, from televisions and computer monitors to mobile devices and digital signage. The Thin-Film Transistor (TFT) layer is responsible for controlling the amount of light that passes through each pixel and is located behind the liquid crystal layer, enabling precise image control and high-quality display. As one of the important parameters to evaluate the display performance, the faster response time provides more frames in a second, which benefits many high-end applications, such as applications for playing games and watching movies. To further improve the response time, the single-pixel charging efficiency is investigated in this paper by optimizing the TFT dimensions in gate driver circuits in active-matrix liquid crystal displays. The accurate circuit simulation model is developed to minimize the signal's fall time ( T f ) by optimizing the TFT width-to-length ratio. Our results show that using a driving TFT width of 6790 μ m and a reset TFT width of 640 μ m resulted in a minimum T f of 2.6572 μ s , corresponding to a maximum pixel charging ratio of 90.61275%. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of our optimization strategy in enhancing pixel charging efficiency and improving display performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: This interview study delves into the potential of using AI-based clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) during meetings focused on multidisciplinary team meetings (MDTMs) for breast cancer. The goal was to pinpoint the obstacles and to aid in implementing such a system within these meetings. Through 24 interviews with breast cancer team members across three hospitals, key insights emerged. Those involved showed interest in integrating CDSSs into their workflow, foreseeing benefits like enhanced data visualization, time-saving functionalities, and improved documentation. However, concerns lingered around data connectivity, the accuracy of suggestions, and the risk of losing the human touch in decision making. Overall, this research reveals the curiosity among clinicians to explore CDSS benefits but acknowledges the complexity of integrating these systems, offering insights to potentially streamline future implementation processes. Background: AI-driven clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) hold promise for multidisciplinary team meetings (MDTMs). This study aimed to uncover the hurdles and aids in implementing CDSSs during breast cancer MDTMs. Methods: Twenty-four core team members from three hospitals engaged in semi-structured interviews, revealing a collective interest in experiencing CDSS workflows in clinical practice. All interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim and analyzed anonymously. A standardized approach, 'the framework method', was used to create an analytical framework for data analysis, which was performed by two independent researchers. Results: Positive aspects included improved data visualization, time-saving features, automated trial matching, and enhanced documentation transparency. However, challenges emerged, primarily concerning data connectivity, guideline updates, the accuracy of AI-driven suggestions, and the risk of losing human involvement in decision making. Despite the complexities involved in CDSS development and integration, clinicians demonstrated enthusiasm to explore its potential benefits. Conclusions: Acknowledging the multifaceted nature of this challenge, insights into the barriers and facilitators identified in this study offer a potential roadmap for smoother future implementations. Understanding these factors could pave the way for more effective utilization of CDSSs in breast cancer MDTMs, enhancing patient care through informed decision making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]