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Automatic test paper design is critical in education to reduce workloads for educators and facilitate an efficient teaching process. However, current designs fail to satisfy the realistic teaching requirements of educators, including the consideration of both test quality and efficiency. This is the main reason why teachers still manually construct tests in most teaching environments. In this paper, the quality of tests is quantitatively defined while considering multiple objectives, including a flexible coverage of knowledge points, cognitive levels, and question difficulty. Then, a model based on the technique of linear programming is delicately designed to explore the optimal results for this newly defined problem. However, this technique is not efficient enough, which cannot obtain results in polynomial time. With the consideration of both test quality and generation efficiency, this paper proposes a genetic algorithm (GA) based method, named dynamic programming guided genetic algorithm with adaptive selection (DPGA-AS). In this method, a dynamic programming method is proposed in the population initialization part to improve the efficiency of the genetic algorithm. An adaptive selection method for the GA is designed to avoid prematurely falling into the local optimal for better test quality. The question bank used in our experiments is assembled based on college-level calculus questions from well-known textbooks. The experimental results show that the proposed techniques can construct test papers with both high effectiveness and efficiency. The computation time of the test assembly problem is reduced from 3 hours to 2 seconds for a 5000-size question bank as compared to a linear programming model with similar test quality. The test quality of the proposed method is better than the other baselines.

To deeply analyze the performance of paper-cutting elements in interior space design, this paper explores the artistic expression of paper-cutting elements. The BIM model is constructed based on the TVL algorithm, and a noise-reducing style migration method with an additional total variable loss function is used to fuse the texture features of a specific paper-cutting style so that the paper-cutting texture is generated in the target object area more intensively. The algorithm is supplemented with a U-shaped network structure to obtain the mask map of the target object, modify and expand the ScanNet training data set, and input a content map and a style map to generate the stylized paper cutout image automatically. The results show that compared with other elements, the stability of paper-cut elements reaches 96.31%, the image smoothness reaches 89.34%, and the retention of significant regions reaches 93.26%. In modern design, the peak signal-noise of paper-cut elements improved by 13.418d on average, the structural similarity also improved by 0.34807, and the recognition rate of paper-cut elements in the furnishing category reached 95%. Applying paper-cut art in interior space design can give interior furnishing design better visual effects, provide inspiration and ideas for interior space design innovation, and contribute to improving aesthetics.

The study of metadiscourse word resources is an important way to reveal academic knowledge constructs and genre features in English papers. This paper selects intra- and interdisciplinary English academic papers as data samples, and the text representation is based on the vector space model. The text similarity is calculated using the word movement distance model to complete the clustering based on the density peak, and then the semantic annotation of metadiscourse verb patterns is performed using the conditional random field. Then, the intra- and interdisciplinary metadiscourse annotations are compared to analyze the variation of verb patterns. The intra-disciplinary variation of metadiscourse verb patterns was mainly found using attitude markers, where the log-likelihood ratios of 48.56, 30.25, and 35.64 were obtained for affirmative, critical, and critical declarative attitudes, respectively. In interdisciplinary studies, basic disciplines preferred to use verb patterns as transitions, while applied disciplines preferred to express the author’s point of view. The study of metadiscourse verb patterns effectively enriches the linguistic resources in academic English teaching and deepens the understanding of the characteristics of disciplinary essay genres.

The aim of this pilot study is to evaluate the relevance of the use of history in mathematics education. This paper presents an experiment carried out in France with sixth-grade students (n=108) in which an ancient number system is used, an approach that is commonly suggested in French sixth-grade textbooks but has previously been unassessed. Based on the data of a pretest and a post-test surrounding an activity on an ancient Chinese numeration system, a statistical analysis using Rasch modeling shows a specific added value of the history of mathematics for students with low abilities in mathematics. For these students, a significant increase in observed abilities of +0.67 logit in mean is measured with a large effect size (Cliff delta +0.52). This effect is then weighted by considering the regression to the mean (RTM) effect, leading to a value around +0.14 logit in mean and a negligible effect size (Cliff delta +0.10). So, this pilot study shows the important effect of RTM, which suggests a very strong rebalancing of students' results. In the last part of the paper, we discuss how RTM can nonetheless be positively interpreted in this specific context where students' disorientation is one of the purposes of history in mathematics education.

Understanding the concepts related to real function is essential in learning mathematics. To determine how students understand these concepts, it is necessary to have an appropriate measurement tool. In this paper, we have created a web application using 32 items from conceptual understanding of real functions (CURF) item bank. We conducted a psychometric analysis using Rasch model on 207 first-year students. The analysis showed that CURF is a dependable and valid instrument for measuring students' CURF. The test is uni-dimensional; all items are consistent with the construct and have excellent item fit statistics. The results indicate that the items are independent of each other and unbiased towards the gender and high school background of the students.

Problem solving in chemical kinetics poses substantial challenges for university students since it often involves significant use of mathematics as a tool and language, with challenging translations and transitions between chemical phenomena and mathematical representations. In this paper, we present key findings from a study investigating chemistry students solving tasks centred around the steady-state approximation. Building upon the mathematical modelling cycle (MMC), qualitative analysis of the data collected using a think-aloud protocol led to the development of the extended MMC. This empirically derived extended MMC offers a more detailed account of the processes involved in mathematical modelling of chemical phenomena, highlighting aspects such as the occurrence of deliberation and evaluation throughout the modelling cycle, as well as the varying characteristics, points of activation and roles of extra-mathematical resources during problem solving. We further introduce and use problem-solving trajectories as a tool for visualising and analysing the complex and diverse approaches used by students in their attempts at reaching a solution. Overall, the extended MMC provides a finer-grained model of the cognitive and metacognitive activities that students engage in, offering further insights for research and practice.

A paper of Reeder–Yu [J. Amer. Math. Soc. 27 (2014), pp. 437–477] gives a construction of epipelagic supercuspidal representations of p-adic groups. The input for this construction is a pair (\lambda, \chi) where \lambda is a stable vector in a certain representation coming from a Moy–Prasad filtration, and \chi is a character of the additive group of the residue field. We say two such pairs are equivalent if the resulting supercuspidal representations are isomorphic. In this paper we describe the equivalence classes of such pairs. As an application, we give a classification of the simple supercuspidal representations for split adjoint groups. Finally, under an assumption about unramified base change, we describe properties of the Langlands parameters associated to these simple supercuspidals, showing that they have trivial L-functions and minimal Swan conductors, and showing that each of these simple supercuspidals lies in a singleton L-packet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This correction notice provides updates and corrections to a research paper on deep machine learning model-based cyber-attacks detection in smart power systems. The paper proposes a deep learning-based attack detection model that addresses system disturbances caused by natural events and cyber-attacks. It discusses the use of principal component analysis (PCA) for feature selection and the potential of deep learning-based and decision tree classifiers for detecting cyber-attacks in intelligent energy grids. The notice also includes updates to references, clarifications on the experimental data set, and feature selection based on PCA. The study evaluates the effectiveness of the proposed model using various assessment indexes and compares it to conventional methods, concluding that the proposed model is effective in detecting cyber-attacks and demonstrates good performance in detecting destructive attacks. [Extracted from the article]