Search

ObjectivesMethodsResultsDiscussionThe study aimed to explore whether TP could improve memory in the aged type 2 diabetic rat model by regulating microbiota-immune-synaptic plasticity axis.The experiment was divided into two parts. Firstly, to investigate the effects of TP on the physiopathology of the aged T2DM model rats, rats were randomly divided into the Normal control group, the aged group, the Aged T2DM model group, the TP 75, 150, 300 mg/kg groups, the 150 mg/kg Piracetam group and the 3 mg/kg Rosiglitazone group. Then, to further verify whether TP improved memory in aged T2DM rat model by regulating intestinal flora, the fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from the rats in the 300 mg/kg TP group into the rats in the aged T2DM model group was carried out. Effects on gut microbiota, colonic integrity (epithelial tight junction proteins), and endotoxemia (serum LPS) were examined, along with synaptic structure, synaptic plasticity-related structural proteins and inflammation signaling of the hippocampus in our study.Our results demonstrated that TP alleviated memory impairments in the aged T2DM rat model. The specific outcomes were as follows: TP 300 mg/kg corrected the gut dysbacteriosis, alleviated intestinal permeability reduction and peripheral/central inflammation, inhibited the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Meanwhile, TP improved the synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus of the aged T2DM model rats, whose expressions of SYN, PSD 95, NMDAR1 and GluR1 in hippocampus were significantly up-regulated. Surprisingly, rats of the FMT group displayed the same changes.TP improves the memory in aged T2DM rat model. The mechanism may be related to the alteration of gut flora, which can inhibit hippocampal TLR4/NF-κB signaling to attenuate neuroinflammation, then improve synaptic plasticity. The study proposes that TP interventions aimed at manipulating the gut microbiota may hold great potential as an effective approach for preventing and treating this disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"The EU Artificial Intelligence Act: Regulating Subliminal AI Systems" by Rostam J. Neuwirth explores the need for regulation in the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to address legal and ethical concerns. The book focuses on the specific challenge of regulating subliminal techniques used by AI systems. It examines the proposed EU Artificial Intelligence Act (AIA) and its objective, scope, and context. The book also delves into the psychology of subliminal messages and the potential negative effects they can have. It concludes by emphasizing the importance of global collaboration and a binding legal framework for regulating AI systems. This book provides valuable insights for researchers, policymakers, and legal professionals interested in understanding and addressing the impact of AI on society. [Extracted from the article]