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Forecasts of the demand for long-distance travel are a key component enabling the calculation of social costs and benefits of policy actions such as infrastructure investments. Traditionally, such forecasting models have been based on travel survey data. However, response rates to travel surveys have been in decline for decades, calling into question whether the sample of respondents is really representative of the full population. As such, there is a need to explore alternative data sources. One promising alternative is mobile phone network data, which is collected without the need of active participation from the traveller. However, mobile phone network data in this thesis lacks trip and traveller specific information such as trip purpose, socio-economic information, travel party size and mode. Furthermore, it is difficult to distinguish between bus and car trips even at a later stage of data processing, as the two modes share the same infrastructure. The objective of this thesis is to investigate the use of mobile phone network data for long-distance mode choice modelling. More specifically, we investigate the specific aspects of mobile phone network data as a source of mode choice travel information in the first research paper of this thesis, how uncertainties connected to the identification of the used mode matter, and how it can be handled in the model. In the second research paper of this thesis, a full-scale Multinomial Logit mode choice model is implemented and evaluated, including the development of how to handle mobile phone network data-specific challenges in the dataset of this thesis, such as the lack of distinction between bus and car trips and the lack of trip purpose information. Once this full-scale mode choice model based only on mobile phone network data has been evaluated, a method for combining mobile phone network data with survey data is proposed in the third research paper of this thesis, and the joint model is compared to the mobile phone network, Prognoser för reseefterfrågan av långväga resor är en nyckelkomponent för att möjliggöra beräkningen av samhällsnytta och samhällskostnader i policyåtgärder såsom infrastrukturinvesteringar. Historiskt har sådana prognosmodeller baserats på resvaneundersökningar, men svars-frekvensen i dessa undersökningar har sjunkit under flera decennier, vilket gör att det inte längre är sannolikt att urvalet av svarande är representativt för hela befolkningen. Därmed har det uppstått ett behov av att undersöka tillämpbarheten av alternativa datakällor för modellering av reseefterfrågan. Ett lovande alternativ är mobilnätsdata, som samlas in utan att den resan-de behöver göra ett aktivt val för att delta. Det möjliggör insamling av stora datamängder, men nackdelen är att specifik information om den resande saknas, eftersom personintegriteten måste skyddas för all data som samlas in utan ett aktivt beslut om deltagande. Data som är relevant ur ett transportmodelleringsperspektiv, men som saknas i mobilnätsdatan är till exempel reseärende, resenärens socio-ekonomi, resesällskapsstorlek och färdmedel. Dessutom är det svårt även i efterbearbetning av data att särskilja färdmedlen bil och buss, eftersom de använder samma infrastruktur. Målsättningen i den här avhandlingen är att undersöka tillämpbarheten av mobilnätsdata för inrikes långväga färdmedelsvalsmodellering. Mer specifikt så utreds först specifika aspekter av mobilnätsdatan som datakälla till en färdmedelsvalsmodell i avhandlingens första artikel, bl a hur osäkerhet i förbearbetningen av identifieringen av färdmedelsvalet spelar in, och hur denna osäkerhet kan hanteras i modellen. Sedan implementeras och utvärderas en fullskalig logitbaserad färdmedelsvalsmodell baserat enbart på mobilnätsdata i avhandlingens andra artikel. För att möjliggöra detta utvecklas metoder för att hantera bristen på särskiljning mellan bil och buss, och bristen på reseärende i mobilnätsdatan. Efter det utvecklas i avhandlingens tredje artikel en metod f, Funding: The research in this thesis has mainly been funded by the research projects DEMOPAN and DEMOPAN-2 within the research programme Transportekonomi at The Swedish Transport Ad-ministration.

This paper introduces realizations of a reconfigurable finite -impulse -response (FIR) filter for simultaneous equalization and lowpass filtering. The main advantage of the proposed solutions is computational complexity reduction compared to existing solutions for a given performance, which leads to reduced hardware complexity. The proposed structures employ properties of both a variable bandwidth (VBW) filter and a variable equalizer (VE) with variable coefficients. The overall transfer function of the proposed reconfigurable lowpass equalizer (RLPE) is a weighted linear combination of fixed subfilters where the weights are directly determined by the bandwidth and one or several parameters of the channel needed to be equalized. The paper provides design procedures based on minimax optimization and introduces a fast design method for the filter with several variable parameters that can substantially decrease the design time. Filter order estimation expressions as well as complexity expressions are presented for all proposed realizations. Design examples include comparison of the RLPE structures and a common approach of using a regular FIR equalization filter requiring online redesign when the bandwidth or channel characteristics are changed. It is shown that the number of general multiplications can be reduced up to 91% using the proposed RLPE.

Matrix representations can be effective for visualizing networks. However, it is very difficult to follow or explore specific paths in a matrix representation. In this paper, we introduce an interactive method for exploring paths on a matrix, called Matrix Snap&Go. Our visualization approach relies heavily on interactive exploration, bringing in the local neighborhood of selected nodes and tracing the path progression through the matrix. We demonstrate the utility of our approach by performing and analyzing test runs with synthetic input graphs of various node/edge densities as well as by discussing a use case based on the exploration of citation networks.

The decentralized nature of Bitcoin allows for pseudonymous money exchange beyond authorities' control, contributing to its popularity for diverse illegal activities such as scams, ransomware attacks, money laundering, and black markets. In this paper, we characterize this landscape, providing insights into similarities and differences in the use of Bitcoin for such activities. Our analysis and the derived insights contribute to the understanding of Bitcoin transactions associated with illegal activities through three main aspects. First, our study offers a comprehensive characterization of money flows to and from Bitcoin addresses linked to different abuse categories, revealing variations in flow patterns and success rates. Second, our temporal analysis captures long-term trends and weekly patterns across categories. Finally, our analysis of outflow from reported addresses uncovers differences in graph properties and flow patterns among illicit addresses and between abuse categories. These findings provide valuable insights into the distribution, temporal dynamics, and interconnections within various categories of Bitcoin transactions related to illicit activities. The increased understanding of this landscape and the insights gained from this study offer important empirical guidance for informed decision-making and policy development in the ongoing effort to address the challenges presented by illicit activities within the cryptocurrency space., Funding Agencies|Wallenberg AI, Autonomous Systems and Software Program (WASP) - Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation

This paper establishes the computational complexity of non-ground ELPs. We provide a comprehensive picture for well-known program fragments, which turns out to be complete for the class NEXPTIME with access to oracles up to SigmaP2. In the quantitative setting, which enables more fine-grained reasoning, we establish complexity results for counting complexity beyond #EXP. To mitigate the high complexity, we establish encouraging results in case of bounded predicate arity, reaching up to the fourth level of the polynomial hierarchy. Finally, we provide ETH-tight runtime results for the structural parameter treewidth, which has applications in quantitative reasoning modes, where we reason on (marginal) probabilities of epistemic literals.

Ports are actively pursuing greater operational efficiency to effectively handle the increasing global flow of goods, while striving to improve the energy efficiency of their operations to comply with new environmental regulations. As a result, innovation-leading ports have begun to recognize the potential of digital twins to overview, coordinate and optimize port processes, resulting in energy savings, and reductions of costs and of CO2 emissions. While digital twins have gained momentum in other domains such as smart manufacturing and aerospace, their adoption in ports has been comparatively slow. This can be explained, among other things, by the multi-stakeholder nature of the port and the high complexity of the often interconnected port processes. Thus, this thesis, grounded in the context of ports, discusses what constitutes a digital twin, proposes characteristics to assess the maturity of existing digital twins, and introduces and evaluates mathematical models to support a key port process, which can be used as components of a digital twin for the port. The thesis is composed of three papers: Paper 1 is based on an extensive literature review, through which digital twins among different domains are studied in depth in order to transfer insights from these to the port domain. The resulting discussion of what constitutes a port’s digital twin and the requirements that a port’s digital twin must fulfil, together with a discussion of use cases of how port digital twins can contribute to energy savings, form the basis of Paper 1. Paper 2 discusses how digital twins’ maturity can be assessed within six maturity levels and presents milestones for their implementation. Notably, Interoperability is identified as the highest maturity level, as the numerous stakeholders and their respective digital twins must work together to reach a coordinated system of systems performance. Using this assessment demonstrates that only a few innovation-leading ports have developed so, Hamnar strävar aktivt efter ökad operativ effektivitet för att hantera den ökande globala varuflödet, samtidigt som de strävar efter att förbättra energieffektiviteten. Som ett resultat har ledande hamnar börjat se potentialen hos digitala tvillingar för att skapa överblick samt koordinera och optimera processer i hamnen. Målet med användningen av digitala tvillingar är energibesparingar samt minskning av kostnader och CO2-utsläpp. Medan digitala tvillingar har använts inom andra områden såsom tillverknings-, flyg- och rymdindustrin, har införandet i hamnar varit jämförelsevist långsamt. Detta kan förklaras, bland annat, av hamnens många olika involverade aktörer och den höga komplexiteten i de ofta sammanlänkade hamnprocesserna. Därför fokuserar denna avhandling, med utgångspunkt i hamnkontexten, vad som utgör en digital tvilling, presenterar egenskaper för olika mognadsnivåer hos befintliga digitala tvillingar, och introducerar samt utvärderar matematiska modeller som kan bli delkomponenter i en digital tvilling för hamnen. Avhandlingen består av tre artiklar: Artikel 1 bygger på en omfattande litteraturöversikt, inom vilken digitala tvillingar för olika områden studeras ingående för att överföra insikter från dessa till hamndomänen. Detta resulterar i en presentation av vad som utgör en hamns digitala tvilling och de krav som en hamns digitala tvilling måste uppfylla, tillsammans med en diskussion om möjliga sett på vilka hur hamnens digitala tvillingar kan bidra till energibesparingar. Artikel 2 presenterar ett ramverk för hur mognaden hos digitala tvillingar kan bedömas baserat på sex mognadsnivåer och presenterar milstolpar för deras implementering. Noterbart är att interoperabilitet identifieras som den högsta mognadsnivån, eftersom de många intressenterna och deras respektive digitala tvillingar måste koordineras för att nå en fungerande system-av-systemnviå. Genom att använda denna bedömning visar det sig att endast några få innovationsledande hamnar hittil

While electrification of freight deliveries has the potential to heavily reduce the sector's negative impact, there is a clear lack of understanding how logistics systems are affected when electric freight vehicles are implemented. The purpose of the paper is to present an overview of the area and identify major gaps in the literature. A systematic literature review was conducted, with an initial sample of 353 papers, finally resulting in 62 papers after several exclusion steps. A descriptive analysis showed that the area is growing fast and that a vast majority of the papers applied mathematical methods with transport data. Further, five categories were deemed of interest in relation to logistics and electrification in the analysed literature: transport operation, charging, cost, actors, and sustainability. Each category is elaborated on and described in the paper. Additionally, the discussion includes several research gaps that the paper proposes need to be addressed to achieve viable electrified logistics systems and the gaps resulted in a research agenda with seven bullet points aiming to guide future research. The research agenda include, how planning of logistics systems is affected when charging is included; how logistics performance is affected when adopting electric trucks, and there is a need to include actors and their perspectives to a larger extent than what is done in the current literature. By highlighting what is missing in the literature, this paper strives to be an important addition to achieve viable electrified logistics systems, which can ultimately lead to a reduction of the freight sector's negative climate impact., Funding Agencies|Swedish Electromobility Centre; VINNOVA; Sweden's innovation agency

The Circular Economy (CE) domain has a nature of connecting and linking multiple cross-industry domains (e.g., manufacturing and materials) aiming to reduce value loss and avoid waste by building and implementing CE models (i.e., circular value networks) across these domains. In recent years, ontologies have been recognized as a key for representing domain knowledge in CE. Both CE-specific and domain-specific ontologies exist, with more continuously emerging. Matching CE-related ontologies can generate alignments that enhance the interoperability and reusability of such ontologies.In this paper, we present our initial efforts and findings in matching ontologies within the CE domain.

In different sports fields, collecting play-by-play data has become significant for data analysis, as seen in sports like baseball, basketball, ice hockey and football. Badminton remains a relatively new domain in terms of systematically collecting game play data (i.e., play-by-play or shot-by-shot) with only some recently published datasets online. While the game play data provides some detailed information about matches, it lacks rich semantics for complex information retrieval and data analysis. Consequently, the data cannot be used for applications where semantics are needed. This paper introduces a badminton domain ontology - BadmintONTO, along with its illustrative usages to showcase the capability of this ontology to represent basic domain knowledge and to annotate play-by-play data.

Artificial intelligence (AI) literacy has recently emerged on the educational agenda raising expectations on teachers' and teacher educators' professional knowledge. This scoping review examines how the scientific literature conceptualises AI literacy in relation to teachers' different forms of professional knowledge relevant for Teacher Education (TE). The search strategy included papers and proceedings from 2000 to 2023 related to AI literacy and TE as well as the intersection of AI and teaching. Thirty-four papers were included in the analysis. The Aristotelian concepts episteme (theoretical-scientific knowledge), techne (practical-productive knowledge), and phronesis (professional judgement) were used as a lens to capture implicit and explicit dimensions of teachers' professional knowledge. Results indicate that AI literacy is a globally emerging research topic in education but almost absent in the context of TE. The literature covers many different topics and draws on different methodological approaches. Computer science and exploratory teaching approaches influence the type of epistemic, practical, and ethical knowledge. Currently, teachers' professional knowledge is not broadly addressed or captured in the research. Questions of ethics are predominantly addressed as a matter of understanding technical configurations of data-driven AI technologies. Teachers' practical knowledge tends to translate into the adoption of digital resources for teaching about AI or the integration of AI EdTech into teaching. By identifying several research gaps, particularly concerning teachers' practical and ethical knowledge, this paper adds to a more comprehensive understanding of AI literacy in teaching and can contribute to a more wellinformed AI literacy education in TE as well as laying the ground for future research related to teachers' professional knowledge.

With the purpose of analysing Swedish companies' adherence and adoption of the information security standard ISO 27001 and to examine the communicative constitution of preventive innovation in organisations, we have created a corpus of corporate texts from Swedish company websites. The corpus was analysed from multiple interdisciplinary perspectives in close cooperation with management researchers and SweClarin researchers using SweClarin tools and resources as well as standard language technology tools. Some analyses require deep reading, which was performed by management researchers, often guided by results from language analyses. Initial results have been presented at a management studies conference. In this paper, we focus on presenting the research issues, the methods used in the project, the results, and the experience of SweClarin researchers supporting researchers in social sciences. Our contribution is to show how it is possible, through the integration of human insights and digital methods, to increase the credibility and validity of a digitally acquired data set and subsequent research findings. In our view, a combination of human deep reading (management researchers), contextual lexical verification (management studies) and language technology (content and sentiment analysis) can help to sensitise computational text analysis for medium-sized data sets.

For virtually every area of science and engineering, state estimation is ubiquitous. Accurate state estimation requires a moderately precise mathematical model of the system, typically based on domain expertise. These models exist for a plethora of applications and available state estimators can generally produce accurate estimates. However, the models usually ignore hard-to-model phenomena, either due to the cost or the difficulty of modeling these characteristics. Further, the most widely used state estimator for nonlinear systems is still the extended Kalman filter (EKF), which may suffer from divergence for complex models, which essentially restricts the complexity of the usable models. Generally speaking, this thesis investigates ways of improving state estimation. Firstly, existing state-space models (SSMs) for target tracking are augmented with a Gaussian process (GP) in order to learn hard-to-model system characteristics online. Secondly, improved linearization-based state estimators are proposed that exhibit favorable robustness properties to the parameters of the noise processes driving the SSM. The first part of the thesis explores joint state estimation and model learning in partially unknown SSMs, where some a priori domain expertise is available, but parts of the model need to be learned online. Paper A combines a linear, a priori identified, SSM with an approximate GP. An EKF is applied to this GP-augmented SSM in order to jointly estimate the state of the system and learn the, a priori, unknown dynamics. This empirically works well and substantially reduces the prediction error of the dynamical model as compared to a non-augmented SSM. Paper B explores ways of reducing the computational complexity of the method of Paper A. Crucially, it uses a compact kernel in the GP, which admits an equivalent basis function (BF) representation where only a few BFs are non-zero at any given system state. This enables a method that is essentially computationally inv, Funding agency: The Wallenberg AI and Autonomous Systems and Software Program (WASP), funded by the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation

Cloud Computing (CC) and virtualization concepts are two advanced technologies introduced to empower distance and blended learning. Besides, they play a crucial role in equipping learners with practical skills and fostering hands-on experience to defend against cyber-attacks. Many Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in developed countries have already embraced the promise of CC to raise educational standards. However, the pace of its adoption in developing countries has stagnated. Moreover, existing solutions in the literature are not sustainable. They either rely on on-premise infrastructure or are bound by a single cloud service provider. Consequently, they are likely prone to failures and a sudden outage. To fill this gap, this paper is a first that comprehensively addresses the above issues and introduces a federated hybrid CC system based on an extension of Apache Virtual Computing Lab (VCL). The proposed system provides an independent opensource implementation, greater configuration flexibility, and methodological improvements as compared to existing studies in the literature. In addition, it promotes the sustainability of the CC services, extensible cloud architecture, and fault tolerance. VCL is primarily focused on provisioning Virtual Laboratories (VL) for remote cybersecurity and computer networks education, with potential expansion to other domains of engineering education. In addition, this paper introduces GPT-TerminalPro, a terminal-based tool driven by OpenAI's Generative Pretrained Transformer (GPT-3.5) that provides intelligent assistance to users while performing lab tasks. To experimentally evaluate the VCL's performance, the standard Linux tools as well as the Apache benchmark and httperf HTTP load generators are utilized. VCL has been tested with 30 users and 61 virtual user computing environments provisioning to validate the overall performance. The results are fascinating: the provisioning time including all VCL background tasks is always le

This paper categorizes the parameterized complexity of the algorithmic problems PERFECT PHYLOGENY and TRIANGULATING COLORED GRAPHS when parameterized by the number of genes and colors, respectively. We show that they are complete for the parameterized complexity class XALP using a reduction from TREE-CHAINED MULTICOLOR INDEPENDENT SET and a proof of membership. We introduce the problem TRIANGULATING MULTICOLORED GRAPHS as a stepping stone and prove XALP-completeness for this problem as well. We also show that, assuming the Exponential Time Hypothesis, there exists no algorithm that solves any of these problems in time f(k)n(o(k)), where n is the input size, k the parameter, and f any computable function.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore how process management (PM) can support small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in pursuing sustained competitive advantage. For this purpose, a dynamic capabilities (DC) lens was used.Design/methodology/approachA narrative literature review and a multiple case study with an action research approach at two road freight transport companies were used.FindingsPM provides structure and system thinking to support the development of competitive advantage. Concerning PM, management of knowledge, management style and process orientation are key factors for the generation of competitive advantage for SMEs.Research limitations/implicationsThis study contributes to PM literature by studying its support for and implementation at SMEs. Furthermore, the study contributes to the literature on DC by providing concrete examples of activities linked to such capabilities.Practical implicationsThis study contributes to practitioners by providing examples of implementing PM and identifying competitive advantage, connected with PM elements.Social implicationsThis study has social and environmental implications for the quality of life of the Swedish people.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to clarifying the connection between the research fields of quality management and DC to explore how PM can support SMEs in pursuing sustained competitive advantage., Funding Agencies|Kamprad Family Foundation for Entrepreneurship, Research Charity

Stretchable electronics allows for direct integration into deforming systems like clothing, skin, and tissue, thereby enabling novel applications in soft robotics, wearable electronics, health monitoring, therapeutics, and human-machine interfaces. However, achieving seamless integration with the human body poses significant challenges, necessitating the development of functional materials with a low Young’s modulus matching biological tissues to avoid any discomfort or immune response. Additionally, as electronic devices are becoming increasingly used in different settings, accumulation of electronic waste, and the utilization of unsustainable raw materials are emerging as pressing environmental challenges. Therefore, it is important that the design and fabrication of these devices consider not only high performance, but also its environmental sustainability. Therefore the focus of this thesis is on enhancing the performance and sustainability aspects of stretchable electronics through using renewable wood-based functional wood-based materials in 4 papers. Paper I focuses on the development of versatile soft electromagnetic actuators for soft robotic applications. These stretchable electromagnetic actuators were capable of contraction, expansion, hopping, and locomotion without the need for external magnetic fields. By embedding strain sensors made of conductive cellulose nanofibril (CNF)-based foam, the actuators could internally monitor their states, enhancing their controllability and autonomy. In Paper II, a soft haptic system was designed to stimulate the sense of touch. The haptic system was based on a soft electromagnetic actuator concept that included a soft magnet and stretchable conducting composite consisting of silver flakes and a styrene elastomer. The system demonstrated an improved tactile response enabled by vibration amplitude sensing through conductive CNF-based foams. This novel design offers potential applications in human–machine interface, Töjbar elektronik möjliggör direkt integrering av elektronik i system som ändrar form, så som kläder, hud och vävnad, vilket möjliggör nya tillämpningar inom mjuk robotik, bärbar elektronik, hälsoövervakning, terapi och gränssnitt mellan människa och maskin. Att uppnå sömlös integration med människokroppen innebär betydande utmaningar, vilket kräver utveckling av mjuka funktionella material som matchar mjukheten i biologiska vävnader för att undvika obehag eller immunsvar. Vidare, eftersom elektroniska enheter blir alltmer använda i olika miljöer, uppstår miljöproblem med ansamling av elektroniskt avfall samt utnyttjande av icke hållbara naturresurser. Därför är det viktigt att designen och tillverkningen av elektronik inte bara tar hänsyn till hög prestanda, utan även dess miljömässiga hållbarhet. Denna avhandling utforskar töjbar elektronik innehållande förnybara träbaserade funktionella material för detta ändamål. Artikel I fokuserar på utvecklingen av mångsidiga mjuka elektromagnetiska ställdon för mjuk robotik. Dessa töjbara elektromagnetiska ställdon var kapabla till mångsidig rörelse utan behov av externa magnetfält. Genom att bädda in sensorer gjorda av ledande cellulosa nanofibril (CNF)-baserat skum, kunde ställdonen internt känna av deras tillstånd, vilket förbättrade deras kontrollerbarhet och autonomi. I artikel II designades ett mjukt haptiskt system för att stimulera känseln. Det haptiska systemet bygger vidare på det utvecklade mjuka elektromagnetiska manöverdonskonceptet som beskrivs i papper I genom att inkludera en mjuk magnet och en utvecklad mjuk töjbar ledande komposit. Systemet visade en förbättrad taktil respons som möjliggjordes av en vibrationsamplitudsensor baserad på ledande CNF-baserade skum. Denna nya design erbjuder potentiella tillämpningar i gränssnitt mellan människa och maskin och för virtuella verklighet. Artikel III presenterar ett skalbart tillvägagångssätt för tillverkning av ultramjuka högupplösta flerlagers sträckbara kr, Funding: Knut and Alice Wallenberg (KAW) Foundation.2024-04-12: The thesis was first published online. The online published version reflects the printed version.2024-05-08: The thesis was updated with an errata list which is also downloadable from the DOI landing page. Before this date the PDF has been downloaded 88 times.

In this era of ubiquitous surveillance and online presence, protecting facial privacy has become a critical concern for individuals and society as a whole. Adversarial attacks have emerged as a promising solution to this problem, but current methods are limited in quality or are impractical for sensitive domains such as facial editing. This paper presents a novel adversarial image editing framework called StyleAdv, which leverages StyleGAN's latent spaces to generate powerful adversarial images, providing an effective tool against facial recognition systems. StyleAdv achieves high success rates by employing meaningful facial editing with StyleGAN while maintaining image quality, addressing a challenge faced by existing methods. To do so, the comprehensive framework integrates semantic editing, adversarial attacks, and face recognition systems, providing a cohesive and robust tool for privacy protection. We also introduce the ``residual attack`` strategy, using residual information to enhance attack success rates. Our evaluation offers insights into effective editing, discussing tradeoffs in latent spaces, optimal edits for our optimizer, and the impact of utilizing residual information. Our approach is transferable to state-of-the-art facial recognition systems, making it a versatile tool for privacy protection. In addition, we provide a user-friendly interface with multiple editing options to help users create effective adversarial images. Extensive experiments are used to provide insights and demonstrate that StyleAdv outperforms state-of-the-art methods in terms of both attack success rate and image quality. By providing a versatile tool for generating high-quality adversarial samples, StyleAdv can be used both to enhance individual users' privacy and to stimulate advances in adversarial attack and defense research., Funding: This work was supported by the Swedish Research Council (VR) and the Wallenberg AI, Autonomous Systems and Software Program (WASP) funded by the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation.

Based on the paper "Changing of the Guards: Certificate and Public Key Management on the Internet", Proc. Passive and Active Measurement (PAM) Conference 2022, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-98785-5_3This work was partially supported by the Wallenberg AI, Autonomous Systems and Software Program (WASP) funded by the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation.

In this paper, we analyze the performance of a wireless caching system with heterogeneous traffic and relaying capabilities satisfying secrecy constraints for one of two receiving users. In this setup, the second user has no secrecy requirements and receives cacheable content either from the relay helper or the core network through a wireless base station. The wireless relay helper can assist both users since it is equipped with finite storage that is split into cacheable and non-cacheable storage. Concurrently, a passive eavesdropper tries to overhear transmissions to the user with secrecy requirements. Consequently, we examine how this relay’s storage split and the eavesdropper affect the performance of the average throughput and delay of the system as the transmission powers, the relay’s transmission probability, and the relay’s cache size vary. © 2023 IEEE., Cited by: 0; Conference name: 2023 IEEE CHILEAN Conference on Electrical, Electronics Engineering, Information and Communication Technologies, ChileCon 2023; Conference date: 5 December 2023 through 7 December 2023; Conference code: 197291

The green supply chain of agricultural products (GSCAP) is a key link for rural revitalization and sustainable development in China. However, it faces various risks from internal and external environments that threaten its performance and stability. This paper proposes a novel framework and system for identifying and evaluating the main risks in the GSCAP from the perspective of agricultural enterprises. The framework combines social network analysis (SNA) and an improved technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS) method. SNA is used to analyze the correlations and influences among different types of risks, while the improved TOPSIS method is used to rank the risks of different GSCAPs and identify the key risks in each supply chain. The framework and system are verified by a case study of CDYBIT, a leading platform of food safety big data service in China. The results show that the supermarket supply chain has the highest risk, followed by the group catering supply chain, and the five-star hotel supply chain has the lowest risk. The main risk factors for each supply chain are also discussed, and some suggestions for risk management are provided. This paper contributes to the literature by providing a comprehensive and systematic risk assessment framework and system for the GSCAP, which can help agricultural enterprises improve their risk awareness and response capabilities., Funding Agencies|National Social Science Fund of China; [21BGL189]

This paper is built on the notion that the common threefold categorization of countries according to developing, emerging, and developed countries does not fully capture the heterogeneity of the markets observable in the world. To create a more meaningful conceptualization of markets with different development stages, we propose a finetuned framework with the addition of “premerging” and “postmerging” markets as intermediary stages between developing and emerging as well as emerging and developed markets, respectively. We base our claims on economic national data from the International Monetary Fund between 1990-2022 as well as index rankings from the Human Development Index, Sustainability Performance Index and the Sustainable Development Report. Cluster analyses show that there is too much heterogeneity across markets to only work with the established three development stages classification. What is more, over time, the lines between emerging, postmerging and developed markets is blurring. This bears direct implications to all studies on emerging markets. While the term "emerging markets" is widely used in management and economics literature alike, it does have its limitations and can oversimplify the complex dynamics of economic development. We proffer economic prosperity as a dynamic process involving both upward and downward movements between different development stages.

Purpose – This paper aims to further our understanding of policy–practice gaps in organizations from an organizational learning perspective. The authors conceptualize and analyze policy–practice gaps in terms of what they label the dual challenge of organizational learning, i.e. the organizational tasks of both adapting ongoing practices to prescribed policy demands and adapting the policy itself to the needs of practice. Specifically, the authors address how this dual challenge can be understood in terms of organizational learning and how an organization can be managed to successfully resolve the dual learning challenge and, thereby, bridge policy–practice gaps in organizations. Design/methodology/approach – This paper draws on existing literature to explore the gap between policy and practice. Through a synthesis of theories and an illustrative practical example, this paper highlights key conceptual underpinnings. Findings – In the analysis of the dual challenge of organizational learning, this study provides a conceptual framework that emphasizes the important role of tensions and contradictions between policy and practice and their role as drivers of organizational learning. To bridge policy–practice gaps in organizations, this paper proposes five key principles that aim to resolve the dual challenge and accommodate both deployment and discovery in organizations. Research limitations/implications – Because this is a conceptual study, empirical research is called for to explore further and test the findings and conclusions of the study. Several avenues of possible future research are proposed. Originality/value – This paper primarily contributes by introducing and elaborating on a conceptual framework that offers novel perspectives on the dual challenges of facilitating both discovery and deployment processes within organizations.

Purpose – The integration of industry 4.0 has become a priority for many organizations. However, not allorganizations are suitable and capable of implementing industry 4.0 because it requires a dynamic andflexible implementation strategy. The implementation of industry 4.0 often involves overcoming severaltensions between internal and external stakeholders. This paper aims to explore the paradoxical tensions thatarise for health-care organizations when integrating industry 4.0. Moreover, it discusses how a paradox lenscan support the conceptualization and proposes techniques for handling tensions during the integration ofindustry 4.0. Design/methodology/approach – This qualitative and in-depth study draws upon 32 semi-structuredinterviews. The empirical case concerns how two health-care organizations handle paradoxical tensionsduring the integration of industry 4.0. Findings – The exploration resulted in six recurring technology tensions: technology invention(modularized design vs. flexible design), technology collaboration (automation vs. human augmentation),technology-driven patient experience (control vs. autonomy), technology uncertainty (short-termexperimentation vs. long-term planning), technology invention and diffusion through collaborative effortsamong stakeholders (selective vs. intensive collaboration) and technological innovation (market maintenancevs. disruption). Originality/value – A paradox theory-informed conceptual model is proposed for how to handle tensionsduring the integration of industry 4.0. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first paper to introduceparadox theory for quality management, including lean and Six Sigma.

The US FAA regulations and regulations from other global Civil Aviation Authorities impose significant limitations on secure Broadcast Remote ID strategies for Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS). One of the most challenging constraints is configuring messaging within Bluetooth 4 broadcast frames, seemingly limiting the capacity for a reliable Remote ID and trust in UAS communications. However, the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) Drone Remote ID Protocol (DRIP) workgroup has adeptly navigated these constraints. They have developed a provably secure Remote ID that authenticates all its messages and can be independently validated without needing an external, internet-based verification service. Remarkably, they achieve this within the stringent message length confines set by Broadcast Remote ID regulations and American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards. This novel solution, the DRIP Entity Tag (DET), doubles as a legitimate yet non-routable IPv6 address. Beyond its primary application, the DET has promising potential for adoption in broader mobile device ecosystems, fostering interdevice trust. In this paper, we explain the DRIP initiative and its implementation in real-world scenarios and examine its potential use on various mobile devices.

Recent molecular communication (MC) research has integrated more detailed computational models to capture the dynamics of practical biophysical systems. This paper focuses on developing realistic models for MC transceivers inspired by spheroids - three-dimensional cell aggregates commonly used in organ-on-chip experimental systems. Potential applications that can be used or modeled with spheroids include nutrient transport in organ-on-chip systems, the release of biomarkers or reception of drug molecules by cancerous tumor sites, or transceiver nanomachines participating in information exchange. In this paper, a simple diffusive MC system is considered where a spheroidal transmitter and spheroidal receiver are in an unbounded fluid environment. These spheroidal antennas are modeled as porous media for diffusive signaling molecules, then their boundary conditions and effective diffusion coefficients are characterized. Furthermore, for either a point source or spheroidal transmitter, the Green's function for concentration (GFC) outside and inside the receiving spheroid is analytically derived and formulated in terms of an infinite series and confirmed with a particle-based simulator (PBS). The provided GFCs enable computation of the transmitted and received signals in the proposed spheroidal communication system. This study shows that the porous structure of the receiving spheroid amplifies diffusion signals but also disperses them, thus there is a trade-off between porosity and information transmission rate. Furthermore, the results reveal that the porous arrangement of the transmitting spheroid not only disperses the received signal but also attenuates it in comparison to a point source transmitter. System performance is also evaluated in terms of the bit error rate (BER). Decreasing the porosity of the receiving spheroid is shown to enhance the system performance. Conversely, reducing the porosity of the transmitting spheroid can adversely affect system performance, Funding Agencies|Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council

In a transformation to becoming more circular, many original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) are investigating the potential of transferring product ownership from the user to the provider, thus enabling access-based business models. Such a new model also makes the product life cycle cost borne by the provider, meaning that the OEM gains an interest in reducing the life cycle cost and prolonging the life cycle for its own benefit. In this study, a case OEM is in such a transformation and postpones the end-of-life through refurbishment and remanufacturing. However, to launch the access-based business model, the OEM needs to understand its new cash flows. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to show how an OEM has been supported by a model for calculating the product life cycle costs when transforming to an access-based business model. Through applying transdisciplinary research, a calculation model was developed in close collaboration with an OEM to calculate and visualise the product life cycle costs. The study also shows how the remanufacturing cost can be estimated based on existing repair and maintenance data. Furthermore, the importance of developing decision-making insights to persuade upper management that the new circular practices can provide boosted profitability is highlighted., Mistra REES, SCANDERE (ERA-MIN3 program grant number 101003575)

The worldwide implementation of Remote Identification (RID) regulations mandates unmanned aircraft systems (UAS), or drones, to openly transmit their identity and real-time location as plain text on the wireless channel. This mandate serves the purpose of accounting for and monitoring drone operations effectively. However, the current RID standard's plain-text transmission exposes it to cyberattacks, including eavesdropping, injection, and impersonation. The Drone Remote Identification Protocol (DRIP) has been proposed to enhance the security of RID. The DRIP ensures information secrecy and confidentiality by using unique session keys while guaranteeing the authenticity of messages and entities through digital signatures. These security features of DRIP make it a preferable alternative to the existing RID standard. However, the lack of verification regarding its security claims raises concerns about its performance in hostile conditions. This paper comprehensively analyzes the DRIP protocol's security features using Tamarin Prover, a formal security verification tool. With its automated reasoning capabilities, Tamarin Prover accurately identifies potential security vulnerabilities within the DRIP protocol while thoroughly verifying its conformance to security properties. Our investigation demonstrates that the DRIP protocol is susceptible to replay attacks. We strongly recommend the inclusion of message freshness components, reducing the lifespan of DET broadcasts, and incorporating a not-after timestamp that is set only a few minutes ahead of the current time. These measures enhance the protocol's defence against replay attacks and ensure message authenticity and Integrity., Funding Agencies|Automation Program II, Trafikverket

This paper discusses a Multiagent System architecture and its supporting concepts and technical implementation for food-producing systems. The Food and Beverages industry is in dire need of embracing more advanced industrial digitization practices to be able to meet immediate sustainability requirements. One such challenge is improving and optimizing resource utilization. A more rationalized use of raw materials, production processes and machinery is a key aspect of the latter. At the same time, food is still produced, in many instances, in a very traditional way, particularly when it comes to ingredient selection. The architecture introduced in this paper has the ambition of articulating the supply and demand of food products based in the technical characteristics of food (e.g., composition, nutritional content and value, processing efficiency, and taste profiles) instead of the more traditional characteristics. To that end, the paper introduces, among other key concepts, the notion of the Digital Food Identity Card as an active digital document that stores such technical information and the notion of Dynamic Recipe as an active software entity with the dynamic capability of adjusting production parameters in a recipe to market conditions, as well as coordinating the resources included in the execution of a industrial food recipe. Both concepts are modeled as agents and part of the proposed architecture. Finally, the paper provides a formal grammar for a domain specific language, that can be used by human specialists to define a dynamic recipe and be simultaneously interpreted by Dynamic Recipe Agents to enact the behaviours previously described. The domain specific language is an integral part of the architecture, together with the agent-based formulation, and an important link in creating an effectively data-oriented way of articulating different stake-holder concerns. The proposed solution is informed by requirements elicited within domain experts and sustainabi, Funding Agencies|Strategic Innovation Program PiiA

Modular deep learning has been proposed for the efficient adaption of pre-trained models to new tasks, domains and languages. In particular, combining language adapters with task adapters has shown potential where no supervised data exists for a language. In this paper, we explore the role of language adapters in zero-shot cross-lingual transfer for natural language understanding (NLU) benchmarks. We study the effect of including a target-language adapter in detailed ablation studies with two multilingual models and three multilingual datasets. Our results show that the effect of target-language adapters is highly inconsistent across tasks, languages and models. Retaining the source-language adapter instead often leads to an equivalent, and sometimes to a better, performance. Removing the language adapter after training has only a weak negative effect, indicating that the language adapters do not have a strong impact on the predictions.

The focus of this paper is to use Naturalistic Driving Data to understand how the drivers manoeuvre an A-double combination in the roundabouts and evaluate performance in the roundabouts using measures like Low-Speed Swept Path (LSSP) and Tail Swing (TS). The analyses of the steering patterns and speed variations depict that the standard deviations of the responses of the drivers for a given travel direction in a roundabout are within 35o (17 % of the baseline) for the steering wheel angle and 8 km/h (40 % of the baseline) for the speed. It is also found that the cognitive workload of the drivers due to the steering pattern is higher in right turns compared to straight crossings through the roundabout. The performance analyses show a dependency of LSSP on the instantaneous radius obtained from the vehicle's path, and the vehicle's travel direction in the roundabout. LSSP ranges from 7.7 m for a left turn in a roundabout with an inner radius of 12 m to 3.1 m for a straight crossing in a roundabout with a 30 m inner radius. TS is observed in only one roundabout and its magnitude goes up to 0.4 m in a roundabout of 30 m inner radius.

The study and modeling of water exchange in complex media using different applications of diffusion and relaxation magnetic resonance (MR) have been of interest in recent years. Most models attempt to describe this process using a first order kinetics expression, which is appropriate to describe chemical exchange; however, it may not be suitable to describe diffusion-driven exchange since it has no direct relationship to diffusion dynamics of water molecules. In this paper, these limitations are addressed through a more general exchange expression that does consider such important properties. This exchange fraction expression features a multi-exponential recovery at short times and a mono-exponential decay at long times, both of which are not captured by the first order kinetics expression. Furthermore, simplified exchange expressions containing partial information of the analyzed system's diffusion and relaxation processes and geometry are proposed, which can potentially be employed in already established estimation protocols. Finally, exchange fractions estimated from simulated MR data and derived here were compared, showing qualitative similarities but quantitative differences, suggesting that the features of the derived exchange fraction in this paper can be partially recovered by employing an existing estimation framework., Funding Agencies|Swedish Research Council; Swedish Foundation for International Cooperation in Research and Higher Education [CH2020-8680]; [2022-04715]

This study examines the transition from linear to circular packaging, highlighting the role of smart packaging technologies in enhancing circular economy strategies. We explore the challenges and technological facilitators in adopting circular packaging through an embedded case study approach involving Scandinavian manufacturers. Our findings suggest that smart packaging, equipped with sensors and digital capabilities, helps address supply chain complexities and regulatory compliance issues. It also has the potential to improve consumer acceptance and foster collaboration among stakeholders. The paper underscores the potential of integrating smart technologies into packaging to accelerate sustainable practices within the CE framework.

As the complexity of optimization problems continues to rise, the demand for high-performance algorithms becomes increasingly urgent. This paper addresses the challenges faced by the Aquila Optimizer (AO), a novel swarm-based intelligent optimizer simulating the predatory behaviors of Aquila in North America. While AO has shown good performance in prior studies, it grapples with issues such as poor convergence accuracy and a tendency to fall into local optima when tackling complex optimization tasks. To overcome these challenges, this paper proposes a multi-strategy boosted AO algorithm (PGAO) aimed at providing enhanced reliability for global optimization. The proposed algorithm incorporates several key strategies. Initially, a chaotic map is employed to initialize the positions of all search agents, enriching population diversity and laying a solid foundation for global exploration. Subsequently, the pinhole imaging learning strategy is introduced to identify superior candidate solutions in the opposite direction of the search domain during each iteration, accelerating convergence and increasing the probability of obtaining the global optimal solution. To achieve a more effective balance between the exploration and development phases in AO, a nonlinear switching factor is designed to replace the original fixed switching mechanism. Finally, the golden sine operator is utilized to enhance the algorithm's local exploitation trends. Through these four improvement strategies, the optimization performance of AO is significantly enhanced. The proposed PGAO algorithm's effectiveness is validated across 23 classical, 29 IEEE CEC2017, and 10 IEEE CEC2019 benchmark functions. Additionally, six real-world engineering design problems are employed to assess the practicability of PGAO. Results demonstrate that PGAO exhibits better competitiveness and application prospects compared to the basic method and various advanced algorithms. In conclusion, this study contributes to addre, Funding Agencies|National Natural Science Foundation of China [52075090]; Key Research and Development Program Projects of Heilongjiang Province [GA21A403]

The field of 2D materials is a relatively young and rapidly growing area within materials science, which is concerned with atomically thin states of matter. Because of their intrinsic 2D morphology, 2D materials have exceptionally high surface to weight or surface to volume ratio. This renders them excellent candidates for surface-sensitive applications such as catalysis and energy storage, which can aid us in the transition to a more sustainable society. 2D materials are also interesting because they show properties intrinsically different from those of their 3D counterparts, expanding the attainable property space within materials science. A 2D material can be synthesised by either a bottom-up or top-down approach. The focus here is on the latter, where the 2D material is derived by either mechanical exfoliation or selective etching of a 3D nanolaminated parent phase. A 3D laminate can typically be assigned to one of two types, depending on the type of interlayer bonding: van der Waals (vdW) or chemical bonding. In a vdW bonded phase, the constituent layers are kept together into their 3D form by rather weak vdW forces, while in the latter type, the layers are bound more strongly by chemical interactions (i.e., covalent, ionic and metallic bonds). The first 2D materials were derived from vdW-phases, which can be exfoliated by mechanical methods. In a chemically bound laminated phase, the inter layer bonding is stronger, and more complex methods are required for exfoliation of these phases into 2D. This thesis concerns the computational study and development of novel 2D materials through exploration of 3D nanolaminated structures, assessment of their phase stability, and potential for conversion into 2D. The 2D derivatives are in turn studied through prediction of dynamical stability, termination configuration, and evaluation of electronic properties. Paper III and IV each addresses a family of van der Waals structures. The family of 3D materials studied in Paper, Financial support from the Swedish Research Council, VR (grant number 2019-05047 and 2022-06099), the Göran Gustavsson Foundation for Research in Natural Sciences and Medicine, and the Knut and Alice Wal-lenberg (KAW) foundation has made this work possible. Simulations has been carried out using resources provided by the National Academic Infrastructure for Supercomputing in Sweden (NAISS) and Swedish National Infrastructure for Computing (SNIC), using the NSC, PDC and HPC2N computer clusters.

Changing trains is a crucial part of many rail journeys, and it is important that arrival and departing trains are allocated close to each other for a swift interchange. Today the platform allocation of trains is often based on local traditions, where trains of the same type to the same destination depart from the same track. In this paper we address the problem of using the platform tracks in the best way, balancing crossing train paths with easy interchanges at the same platform. We use a RailSys model of the station in Norrköping, Sweden, to assess three platform allocation strategies with respect to crossing train paths and train changes at the same platform. Moreover, the capacity utilisation is calculated by a timetable compression-based method. The results show that a platform allocation maximising the changes at the same platform leads to more crossing train paths and higher capacity utilisation. Future work includes more accurate modelling of train connections, assessment of delays through simulation, and a cost-benefit analysis to find the best balance between easy interchanges and conflicting train paths., Funding agencies: This research is a result of a collaboration between KTH Royal Institute of Technology and Linköping University and has been funded by Trafikverket (the Swedish Transport Administration) through the strategic research initiative “Excellensområdesprogram - Järnvägsforskning 2021-2030” (Dnr. TRV 2023/30667), and through the project “Kapacitet i nätverk 2 (KAIN 2)” (Dnr. TRV 2020/72702). We would like to thank Trafikverket, for providing timetable data from the Swedish railway network.

PURPOSE: Providing high-quality and cost-efficient care of older people is an important development priority for many health and social care systems in the world. This paper suggests a shift from acute, episodic and reactive hospital-centered care toward longitudinal, person-centered and proactive home-centered care. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the knowledge of a comprehensive development strategy for designing and providing home-centered care of older people. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: The study design is based on qualitative research with an inductive approach. The authors study development initiatives at the national, regional and local levels of the Swedish health and social care system. The data collection methods included interviews (n = 54), meeting observations (n = 25) and document studies (n = 59). FINDINGS: The authors describe findings related to policy actions and system changes, attempts to achieve collaboration, integration and coordination, new forms of care offerings, characteristics of work settings at home and differences in patients' roles and participation at home and in the hospital. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: The authors suggest home-centered care as a solution for providing person-centered and integrated care of older people and give examples of how this can be achieved. ORIGINALITY/VALUE: The authors outline five propositions for research and development related to national policies, service modularity as a solution for customized and coordinated care, developing human resources and infrastructure for home settings, expanding services that enable older people living at home and patient co-creation., Funding: VINNOVA; Region Skane; Region Ostergotland

This paper delves into the dyadic relationships between Science Parks (SPs) and universities from the perspective of SPs. It explores various dimensions, including organizational functions, co-location, collaboration, management team activities, partnerships, and connections with university students and senior academics. A survey of 120 European SPs underscores the significance of having the University-Industry Liaison Office within the SP, fostering increased collaboration with the local university, providing career opportunities for university students, and promoting alumni network activities. Additionally, the proximity of universities and research institutions within a 50 km radius positively impacts the relationships between SPs and universities. Additionally, the paper offers several managerial implications. Establishing communication channels between SP management and universities fosters an environment that boosts the open exchange of ideas, collaborative discussions, and problem-solving. The alignment of SPs and universities' goals and objectives, particularly in areas such as research themes, industry partnerships, technology transfer, and talent development, further solidifies the mutually advantageous nature of these relationships, establishing a strong foundation for their enhancement. Within the SP environment, universities can closely collaborate with businesses, start-ups, and entrepreneurs, promoting innovation, commercializing research findings, and incubating spin-off ventures., Funding: Chalmers University of Technology

Understanding the role of a particular player, or set of players, in a team is an important tool for players, scouts, and managers, as it can improve training, game adjustments and team construction. In this paper, we propose a probabilistic method for quantifying player roles in ice hockey that allows for a player to belong to different roles with some probability. Using data from the 2021–2022 NHL season, we analyze and group players into clusters. We show the use of the clusters by an examination of the relationship between player role and contract, as well as between role distribution in a team and team success in terms of reaching the playoffs.

This paper shows that the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) at a base station (BS) equipped with an arbitrary physical array antenna can be expressed as a function of two fundamental, stochastic figure of merits (FoMs): (I) the instantaneous effective gain (IEG) and (II) the beamforming-channel correlation (BCC). This result is achieved by applying a novel channel normalization approach using a reference array to preserve effects induced by the embedded element patterns of physical antenna elements. It is shown that both FoMs provide essential insights for quality-of-service (QoS)-based array antenna design by investigating their statistics for BSs applying full-digital (FD) zero forcing (ZF) beamforming. Various array designs are evaluated, and it is shown that arrays with higher IEGs and a reduced probability of low BCCs can increase the ergodic sum rate and reduce the need for scheduling. This paper shows that the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio at a base station equipped with an arbitrary physical array antenna can be expressed as a function of two fundamental figures-of-merit: (I) the instantaneous effective gain (IEG), and (II) the beamforming-channel correlation (BCC). Various array designs were evaluated and it is shown that arrays with higher IEGs and a reduced probability of low BCCs can increase the ergodic sum rate and reduce the need for scheduling.image, Funding Agencies|ELLIIT Strategic Research [734798]; European Union's Marie Sklstrok;lodowska-Curie Research and Innovation Staff Exchange (RISE); ELLIIT strategic research environment ()

For virtually every area of science and engineering, state estimation is ubiquitous. Accurate state estimation requires a moderately precise mathematical model of the system, typically based on domain expertise. These models exist for a plethora of applications and available state estimators can generally produce accurate estimates. However, the models usually ignore hard-to-model phenomena, either due to the cost or the difficulty of modeling these characteristics. Further, the most widely used state estimator for nonlinear systems is still the extended Kalman filter (EKF), which may suffer from divergence for complex models, which essentially restricts the complexity of the usable models. Generally speaking, this thesis investigates ways of improving state estimation. Firstly, existing state-space models (SSMs) for target tracking are augmented with a Gaussian process (GP) in order to learn hard-to-model system characteristics online. Secondly, improved linearization-based state estimators are proposed that exhibit favorable robustness properties to the parameters of the noise processes driving the SSM. The first part of the thesis explores joint state estimation and model learning in partially unknown SSMs, where some a priori domain expertise is available, but parts of the model need to be learned online. Paper A combines a linear, a priori identified, SSM with an approximate GP. An EKF is applied to this GP-augmented SSM in order to jointly estimate the state of the system and learn the, a priori, unknown dynamics. This empirically works well and substantially reduces the prediction error of the dynamical model as compared to a non-augmented SSM. Paper B explores ways of reducing the computational complexity of the method of Paper A. Crucially, it uses a compact kernel in the GP, which admits an equivalent basis function (BF) representation where only a few BFs are non-zero at any given system state. This enables a method that is essentially computationally inv, Funding agency: The Wallenberg AI and Autonomous Systems and Software Program (WASP), funded by the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation

Stretchable electronics allows for direct integration into deforming systems like clothing, skin, and tissue, thereby enabling novel applications in soft robotics, wearable electronics, health monitoring, therapeutics, and human-machine interfaces. However, achieving seamless integration with the human body poses significant challenges, necessitating the development of functional materials with a low Young’s modulus matching biological tissues to avoid any discomfort or immune response. Additionally, as electronic devices are becoming increasingly used in different settings, accumulation of electronic waste, and the utilization of unsustainable raw materials are emerging as pressing environmental challenges. Therefore, it is important that the design and fabrication of these devices consider not only high performance, but also its environmental sustainability. Therefore the focus of this thesis is on enhancing the performance and sustainability aspects of stretchable electronics through using renewable wood-based functional wood-based materials in 4 papers. Paper I focuses on the development of versatile soft electromagnetic actuators for soft robotic applications. These stretchable electromagnetic actuators were capable of contraction, expansion, hopping, and locomotion without the need for external magnetic fields. By embedding strain sensors made of conductive cellulose nanofibril (CNF)-based foam, the actuators could internally monitor their states, enhancing their controllability and autonomy. In Paper II, a soft haptic system was designed to stimulate the sense of touch. The haptic system was based on a soft electromagnetic actuator concept that included a soft magnet and stretchable conducting composite consisting of silver flakes and a styrene elastomer. The system demonstrated an improved tactile response enabled by vibration amplitude sensing through conductive CNF-based foams. This novel design offers potential applications in human–machine interface, Töjbar elektronik möjliggör direkt integrering av elektronik i system som ändrar form, så som kläder, hud och vävnad, vilket möjliggör nya tillämpningar inom mjuk robotik, bärbar elektronik, hälsoövervakning, terapi och gränssnitt mellan människa och maskin. Att uppnå sömlös integration med människokroppen innebär betydande utmaningar, vilket kräver utveckling av mjuka funktionella material som matchar mjukheten i biologiska vävnader för att undvika obehag eller immunsvar. Vidare, eftersom elektroniska enheter blir alltmer använda i olika miljöer, uppstår miljöproblem med ansamling av elektroniskt avfall samt utnyttjande av icke hållbara naturresurser. Därför är det viktigt att designen och tillverkningen av elektronik inte bara tar hänsyn till hög prestanda, utan även dess miljömässiga hållbarhet. Denna avhandling utforskar töjbar elektronik innehållande förnybara träbaserade funktionella material för detta ändamål. Artikel I fokuserar på utvecklingen av mångsidiga mjuka elektromagnetiska ställdon för mjuk robotik. Dessa töjbara elektromagnetiska ställdon var kapabla till mångsidig rörelse utan behov av externa magnetfält. Genom att bädda in sensorer gjorda av ledande cellulosa nanofibril (CNF)-baserat skum, kunde ställdonen internt känna av deras tillstånd, vilket förbättrade deras kontrollerbarhet och autonomi. I artikel II designades ett mjukt haptiskt system för att stimulera känseln. Det haptiska systemet bygger vidare på det utvecklade mjuka elektromagnetiska manöverdonskonceptet som beskrivs i papper I genom att inkludera en mjuk magnet och en utvecklad mjuk töjbar ledande komposit. Systemet visade en förbättrad taktil respons som möjliggjordes av en vibrationsamplitudsensor baserad på ledande CNF-baserade skum. Denna nya design erbjuder potentiella tillämpningar i gränssnitt mellan människa och maskin och för virtuella verklighet. Artikel III presenterar ett skalbart tillvägagångssätt för tillverkning av ultramjuka högupplösta flerlagers sträckbara kr, Funding: Knut and Alice Wallenberg (KAW) Foundation.2024-04-12: The thesis was first published online. The online published version reflects the printed version.2024-05-08: The thesis was updated with an errata list which is also downloadable from the DOI landing page. Before this date the PDF has been downloaded 88 times.

Forecasts of the demand for long-distance travel are a key component enabling the calculation of social costs and benefits of policy actions such as infrastructure investments. Traditionally, such forecasting models have been based on travel survey data. However, response rates to travel surveys have been in decline for decades, calling into question whether the sample of respondents is really representative of the full population. As such, there is a need to explore alternative data sources. One promising alternative is mobile phone network data, which is collected without the need of active participation from the traveller. However, mobile phone network data in this thesis lacks trip and traveller specific information such as trip purpose, socio-economic information, travel party size and mode. Furthermore, it is difficult to distinguish between bus and car trips even at a later stage of data processing, as the two modes share the same infrastructure. The objective of this thesis is to investigate the use of mobile phone network data for long-distance mode choice modelling. More specifically, we investigate the specific aspects of mobile phone network data as a source of mode choice travel information in the first research paper of this thesis, how uncertainties connected to the identification of the used mode matter, and how it can be handled in the model. In the second research paper of this thesis, a full-scale Multinomial Logit mode choice model is implemented and evaluated, including the development of how to handle mobile phone network data-specific challenges in the dataset of this thesis, such as the lack of distinction between bus and car trips and the lack of trip purpose information. Once this full-scale mode choice model based only on mobile phone network data has been evaluated, a method for combining mobile phone network data with survey data is proposed in the third research paper of this thesis, and the joint model is compared to the mobile phone network, Prognoser för reseefterfrågan av långväga resor är en nyckelkomponent för att möjliggöra beräkningen av samhällsnytta och samhällskostnader i policyåtgärder såsom infrastrukturinvesteringar. Historiskt har sådana prognosmodeller baserats på resvaneundersökningar, men svars-frekvensen i dessa undersökningar har sjunkit under flera decennier, vilket gör att det inte längre är sannolikt att urvalet av svarande är representativt för hela befolkningen. Därmed har det uppstått ett behov av att undersöka tillämpbarheten av alternativa datakällor för modellering av reseefterfrågan. Ett lovande alternativ är mobilnätsdata, som samlas in utan att den resan-de behöver göra ett aktivt val för att delta. Det möjliggör insamling av stora datamängder, men nackdelen är att specifik information om den resande saknas, eftersom personintegriteten måste skyddas för all data som samlas in utan ett aktivt beslut om deltagande. Data som är relevant ur ett transportmodelleringsperspektiv, men som saknas i mobilnätsdatan är till exempel reseärende, resenärens socio-ekonomi, resesällskapsstorlek och färdmedel. Dessutom är det svårt även i efterbearbetning av data att särskilja färdmedlen bil och buss, eftersom de använder samma infrastruktur. Målsättningen i den här avhandlingen är att undersöka tillämpbarheten av mobilnätsdata för inrikes långväga färdmedelsvalsmodellering. Mer specifikt så utreds först specifika aspekter av mobilnätsdatan som datakälla till en färdmedelsvalsmodell i avhandlingens första artikel, bl a hur osäkerhet i förbearbetningen av identifieringen av färdmedelsvalet spelar in, och hur denna osäkerhet kan hanteras i modellen. Sedan implementeras och utvärderas en fullskalig logitbaserad färdmedelsvalsmodell baserat enbart på mobilnätsdata i avhandlingens andra artikel. För att möjliggöra detta utvecklas metoder för att hantera bristen på särskiljning mellan bil och buss, och bristen på reseärende i mobilnätsdatan. Efter det utvecklas i avhandlingens tredje artikel en metod f, Funding: The research in this thesis has mainly been funded by the research projects DEMOPAN and DEMOPAN-2 within the research programme Transportekonomi at The Swedish Transport Ad-ministration.

In this era of ubiquitous surveillance and online presence, protecting facial privacy has become a critical concern for individuals and society as a whole. Adversarial attacks have emerged as a promising solution to this problem, but current methods are limited in quality or are impractical for sensitive domains such as facial editing. This paper presents a novel adversarial image editing framework called StyleAdv, which leverages StyleGAN's latent spaces to generate powerful adversarial images, providing an effective tool against facial recognition systems. StyleAdv achieves high success rates by employing meaningful facial editing with StyleGAN while maintaining image quality, addressing a challenge faced by existing methods. To do so, the comprehensive framework integrates semantic editing, adversarial attacks, and face recognition systems, providing a cohesive and robust tool for privacy protection. We also introduce the ``residual attack`` strategy, using residual information to enhance attack success rates. Our evaluation offers insights into effective editing, discussing tradeoffs in latent spaces, optimal edits for our optimizer, and the impact of utilizing residual information. Our approach is transferable to state-of-the-art facial recognition systems, making it a versatile tool for privacy protection. In addition, we provide a user-friendly interface with multiple editing options to help users create effective adversarial images. Extensive experiments are used to provide insights and demonstrate that StyleAdv outperforms state-of-the-art methods in terms of both attack success rate and image quality. By providing a versatile tool for generating high-quality adversarial samples, StyleAdv can be used both to enhance individual users' privacy and to stimulate advances in adversarial attack and defense research., Funding: This work was supported by the Swedish Research Council (VR) and the Wallenberg AI, Autonomous Systems and Software Program (WASP) funded by the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation.

This paper introduces a disturbance-parametrized (DP) robust lattice-based motion-planning framework for nonlinear systems affected by bounded disturbances. A key idea in this work is to rigorously exploit the available knowledge about the disturbance, starting already offline at the time when a library of DP motion primitives is computed and ending not before the motion has been executed online. Given an up-to-date-estimate of the disturbance, the lattice-based motion planner performs a graph search online, to non-conservatively compute a disturbance aware optimal motion plan with formally motivated margins to obstacles. This is done utilizing the DP motion primitives, around which tubes are generated utilizing a suitably designed robust controller. The sizes of the tubes are dependent on the upper bounds of the disturbance appearing in the error between the actual system trajectory and the DP nominal trajectory, which in turn along with the overall optimality of the plan is dependant on the user-selected resolution of the available disturbance estimates. Increasing the resolution of the disturbance parameter results in smaller sizes of tubes around the motion primitives and can significantly reduce the conservativeness compared to traditional approaches, thus increasing the performance of the computed motion plans. The proposed strategy is implemented on an Euler-Lagrange-based ship model which is affected by a significant wind disturbance and the efficiency of the strategy is validated through a suitable simulation example., Funding: ELLIIT

While extant literature conceptually recognizes individuals as an integral part of the process with which organizations absorb new knowledge, past research has paid limited attention to the antecedents of individual-level absorptive capacity. In this paper, we address this research gap. We build on the interactionist perspective and propose that individual-level absorptive capacity is shaped by the joint effects of individual employees’ dispositions (i.e., need for cognition and proactive personality) and their work context (i.e., time pressure and autonomy). Significantly, we also recognize the multidimensional nature of absorptive capacity, which suggests that individuals need different capabilities to learn and utilize new knowledge in their organizations. We test our predictions using a unique dataset from 646 employees working on knowledge-intensive tasks. Our results show that the joint effects of dispositional and contextual antecedents are not uniform across different dimensions of individual-level absorptive capacity., Funding Agencies|Jan Wallander, Tom Hedelius, and Tore Browaldh Foundation

Radial basis function methods are powerful tools in numerical analysis and have demonstrated good properties in many different simulations. However, for time-dependent partial differential equations, only a few stability results are known. In particular, if boundary conditions are included, stability issues frequently occur. The question we address in this paper is how provable stability for RBF methods can be obtained. We develop a stability theory for global radial basis function methods using the general framework of summation-by-parts operators often used in the Finite Difference and Finite Element communities. Although we address their practical construction, we restrict the discussion to basic numerical simulations and focus on providing a proof of concept., Funding agencies; Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL. JG was supported by AFOSR #F9550-18-1-0316 and ONR MURI #N00014-20-1-2595. JN was supported by Vetenskapsrådet, Sweden grant 2018-05084 VR and 2021-05484 VR, and the University of Johannesburg. PÖ was supported by the Gutenberg Research College, JGU Mainz.

The complex orbifold structure of the moduli space of Riemann surfaces of genus g (g≥2) produces a stratification into complex subvarieties named equisymmetric strata. Each equisymmetric stratum is formed by the surfaces where the group of automorphisms acts in a topologically equivalent way. The Riemann surfaces in the equisymmetric strata of dimension one are of two structurally different types. Type 1 equisymmetric strata correspond to Riemann surfaces where the group of automorphisms produces a quotient surface of genus zero, while those of Type 2 appear when such a quotient is a surface of genus one. Type 1 equisymmetric strata have been extensively studied by the authors of the present work in a previous recent paper, we now focus on Type 2 strata. We first establish the existence of such strata and their frequency of occurrence in moduli spaces. As a main result we obtain a complete description of Type 2 strata as coverings of the sphere branched over three points (Belyi curves) and where certain isolated points (punctures) have to be eliminated. Finally, we study in detail the doubly infinite family of Type 2 strata whose automorphism groups have order the product of two primes.

This paper introduces a disturbance-parametrized (DP) robust lattice-based motion-planning framework for nonlinear systems affected by bounded disturbances. A key idea in this work is to rigorously exploit the available knowledge about the disturbance, starting already offline at the time when a library of DP motion primitives is computed and ending not before the motion has been executed online. Given an up-to-date-estimate of the disturbance, the lattice-based motion planner performs a graph search online, to non-conservatively compute a disturbance aware optimal motion plan with formally motivated margins to obstacles. This is done utilizing the DP motion primitives, around which tubes are generated utilizing a suitably designed robust controller. The sizes of the tubes are dependent on the upper bounds of the disturbance appearing in the error between the actual system trajectory and the DP nominal trajectory, which in turn along with the overall optimality of the plan is dependant on the user-selected resolution of the available disturbance estimates. Increasing the resolution of the disturbance parameter results in smaller sizes of tubes around the motion primitives and can significantly reduce the conservativeness compared to traditional approaches, thus increasing the performance of the computed motion plans. The proposed strategy is implemented on an Euler-Lagrange-based ship model which is affected by a significant wind disturbance and the efficiency of the strategy is validated through a suitable simulation example., Funding: ELLIIT

While extant literature conceptually recognizes individuals as an integral part of the process with which organizations absorb new knowledge, past research has paid limited attention to the antecedents of individual-level absorptive capacity. In this paper, we address this research gap. We build on the interactionist perspective and propose that individual-level absorptive capacity is shaped by the joint effects of individual employees’ dispositions (i.e., need for cognition and proactive personality) and their work context (i.e., time pressure and autonomy). Significantly, we also recognize the multidimensional nature of absorptive capacity, which suggests that individuals need different capabilities to learn and utilize new knowledge in their organizations. We test our predictions using a unique dataset from 646 employees working on knowledge-intensive tasks. Our results show that the joint effects of dispositional and contextual antecedents are not uniform across different dimensions of individual-level absorptive capacity., Funding Agencies|Jan Wallander, Tom Hedelius, and Tore Browaldh Foundation

Radial basis function methods are powerful tools in numerical analysis and have demonstrated good properties in many different simulations. However, for time-dependent partial differential equations, only a few stability results are known. In particular, if boundary conditions are included, stability issues frequently occur. The question we address in this paper is how provable stability for RBF methods can be obtained. We develop a stability theory for global radial basis function methods using the general framework of summation-by-parts operators often used in the Finite Difference and Finite Element communities. Although we address their practical construction, we restrict the discussion to basic numerical simulations and focus on providing a proof of concept., Funding agencies; Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL. JG was supported by AFOSR #F9550-18-1-0316 and ONR MURI #N00014-20-1-2595. JN was supported by Vetenskapsrådet, Sweden grant 2018-05084 VR and 2021-05484 VR, and the University of Johannesburg. PÖ was supported by the Gutenberg Research College, JGU Mainz.