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Diterpenoids occupy an important slot of the natural products diversity space with wide ranges of bioactivities and complex structures, providing potential applications for the development of therapeutics. In this study, we reported four new abietane-type diterpenoids viroxocin B-E (1–4), a new totarane-type diterpenoid viroxocin F (5), and a new sempervirane-type diterpenoid viroxocin G (6) along with four known compounds (7 – 10), isolated and identified from a widely used Traditional Chinese Medicine, Isodon serra (I. serra). Their structures were established by spectroscopic data analysis, experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) data, as well as X-ray diffraction analysis. Compounds 2 , 5 , 7 , 8 and 10 exhibited promising anti-inflammatory activities in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 267.4 cells, and their inhibition rates on NO production were more than 60% at 10 μM. Compound 7 showed cytotoxicity against human renal cell carcinoma 769P at 20 μM, the inhibition rate was 52.66%. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three new xanthone derivatives irpexols A-C (1 – 3) and five known xanthones including three dimeric ones were successfully isolated from Irpex laceratus A878, an endophytic fungus of the family Irpicaceae from the medicinal plant Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Bentham (Lamiaceae). The structures of these compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses including ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV), infrared spectroscopy (IR), mass spectrometry (MS), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). All of the three new compounds (1 – 3) share a de-aromatic and highly‑oxygenated xanthone skeleton. In addition, the cytotoxic activity of compounds 1 – 8 were evaluated against SF-268, MCF-7, HepG2, and A549 tumor cell lines. The results revealed that compound 6 showed moderate cytotoxic activity with the IC 50 values ranging from 24.83 to 45.46 μM, while the IC 50 values of the positive control adriamycin was ranging from 1.11 to 1.44 μM. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four previously undescribed isoprenoid flavonoids (2 – 5) were isolated from Sophora davidii , along with five known analogues. The structures of the compounds were established through comprehensive analysis of spectroscopic data, including HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR, and absolute configurations determined by theoretical calculations, including ECD and NMR calculation. The cytotoxic effects of the isolated compounds on human HT29 colon cancer cells were evaluated using the MTT assay, compound 1 exhibited cytotoxicity against human HT29 colon cancer cells with an IC 50 value of 8.39 ± 0.09 μM. Studies conducted with compound 1 in HT29 cells demonstrated that it may induce apoptosis and autophagy in HT29 by promoting the phosphorylation of P38 MAPK and inhibiting the phosphorylation of Erk MAPK. Four previously undescribed isoprenoid flavonoids were isolated from Sophora davidii. Compound 1 showed significant inhibitory activity against human HT29 colon cancer cells. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Five new B- seco -limonoids, namely toonanoronoids A-E (1 – 5), in conjunction with three previously reported compounds, were isolated from the EtOAc extract of the twigs and leaves of Toona ciliata var. yunnanensis. Their structures were elucidated through comprehensive spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic analysis. The cytotoxic activities of new compounds against five human tumor cell lines (HL-60, SMMC-7721, A549, MCF-7, and SW480) were screened, Compounds 4 and 5 exerted inhibition toward two tumor cell lines (HL-60, SW-480) with IC 50 values between 1.7 and 5.9 μM. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Five unusual seco-nortriterpenoids, 3 β -hydroxy-20,21-seco-30-nortaraxastan-20,21-dioic acid (1), 3 β -hydroxy-20,21-seco-30-nortaraxastan-20-oic-21-oate (2), 3 β -hydroxy-20-oxo-21,22-seco-30-nortaraxastan-22-oic acid (3), 3 β -hydroxy-19-oxo-20,21-seco-29,30-nortaraxastan-21-oic acid (4) and 3 β -hydroxy-19-oxo-20,21-seco-19-norlupan-21-oic acid (5) were isolated and elucidated from the anti-inflammatory activity fraction of the ethanol extract of Cirsium setosum. The structures of these compounds were established through spectroscopic methods. Preliminary biological assays showed that compounds 1 – 5 had significant inhibitory effect on NO production on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, and compound 1 showed the strongest anti-inflammatory activity. This type of ring-opening compound is the first seco-triterpenoid structure discovered from the genus of Cirsium. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Melodinus axillaris W.T.Wang has been widely used as an important medicine in China. In the folk of China, its whole plant has been used for fractures, rheumatic heart disease, testitis, hernia, abdominal pain, and dyspepsia, etc. Despite its extensive use, there is a shortage of literature investigating the specific bioactive compounds and underlying mechanisms responsible for their anti-inflammatory effects. This knowledge gap serves as the primary impetus for conducting this study, which aims to shed light on the previously unexplored therapeutic potential of M. axillaris. This study aims to investigate the material basis and potential mechanism of anti-inflammatory activity of M. axillaris. Compounds were isolated from the 95% ethanol extract of M. axillaris using a systematic phytochemical method. The structures were established by extensive spectroscopic analysis, including 1D and 2D NMR, HR-ESI-MS, ECD calculation, and DP4+ analysis. The anti-inflammatory activities of ethanol extract and compounds from M. axillaris were tested by an inflammation model of LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells in vitro. Western blot analysis was employed to evaluate the expressions of COX-2, iNOS, and NF-κB signaling pathways, aiming to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Eleven undescribed monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIAs), axillines A−K (1 – 11), along with thirteen known analogs were isolated from M. axillaris. Compound 1 was the first representative of vincadine alkaloid with unprecedented 6/5/9/6/6 skeletons. Compounds 1 – 11 and ethanol extract showed significant anti-inflammatory effects in vitro. Among them, compound 2 had the best activity of inhibiting NO release (IC 50 = 3.7 ± 0.9 μM). Additionally, subsequent Western blot analysis revealed that 2 could significantly inhibit the up-regulation of NF-κB signaling pathways, iNOS, and COX-2 in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, thereby demonstrating its anti-inflammatory activity. This study provides support for the traditional use of M. axillaris in terms of its anti-inflammatory properties and highlights the potential of MIAs as promising candidates for further development as anti-inflammatory drugs. [Display omitted] • Eleven undescribed monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIAs) were isolated from M. axillaris. • Compound 1 was the first representative of vincadine alkaloid with 6/5/9/6/6 skeletons. • These MIAs were isolated exhibited significant anti-inflammation activity. • Compound 2 inhibited inflammation by NF-κB signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Five new sesquiterpenoids, dictamtrinorguaianols E and F (1–2), and dictameudesmnosides F, G, and H (3–5), along with seven known sesquiterpenoids (6–12) were isolated from Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz. The structures of all new compounds were characterized by spectroscopic methods, including UV, IR, HR-ESI-MS, and 1D and 2D NMR. The In-vitro anti-proliferative activities of all the compounds against two human cancer cell lines (SW982 and A549) were evaluated by CCK-8 assay. Compounds 1 and 4 showed medium anti-proliferative activity against SW982 cells, with IC 50 values of 3.49 ± 0.10 and 6.42 ± 1.23 μM, respectively. Additionally, compounds 2 , 7 , and 8 exhibited medium anti-proliferative activity against A549 cells, with IC50 values ranging from 0.80 ± 0.05 to 6.60 ± 0.46 μM. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four new steroidal glycosides (1–4), including two steroidal saponins named lililancifoloside B and C (1 – 2), one pregnane glycoside named lililancifoloside D (3), and one C22-steroidal lactone glycoside named lililancifoloside E (4), together with five known ones (5–9), were isolated from the bulbs of Lilium lancifolium Thunb. By using spectroscopic analysis, including 1D, 2D NMR, and HR-ESI-MS, the structures of 1–4 were elucidated. All isolates were tested for their cytotoxic potential against the MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, HepG2, and A549 cell lines. Compound 6 distinguished out among them, IC 50 values of 3.31, 5.23, 1.78, and 1.49 μM against the four cell lines, respectively. Other compounds such as compound 3 , 5 , and 9 have also shown specific cytotoxic activity. Next, studies showed that compound 6 might cause HepG2 cells to undergo a cell cycle arrest during the G2/M phase and apoptosis. [Display omitted] • Four new steroidal glycosides were isolated from the bulbs of Lilium lancifolium Thunb.. • The cytotoxicity of all isolates against MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, HepG2, and A549 cell lines were investigated. • Compound 6 displayed significant cytotoxic activitity against all tested cell lines. • Studies revealed that compound 6 could induce cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and apoptosis in HepG2 cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eight undescribed alkaloids named corydalisine D-K (1 – 7), including one isoquinoline benzopyranone alkaloid (1), one benzocyclopentanone alkaloid (2), four benzofuranone alkaloids (3 , 4 , and 5a / 5b) and two protoberberine alkaloids (6 and 7), along with fourteen known ones, were isolated from the Corydalis saxicola. Their structures, including absolute configurations, were unambiguously identified using spectroscopic techniques, single-crystal X-ray diffraction and electron circular dichroism calculation. Compounds 2 , 14 and 21 exhibit antiproliferative activity against five cancer cell lines. The aporphine alkaloid demethylsonodione (compound 14), which exhibited the best activity (IC 50 = 3.68 ± 0.25 μM), was subjected to further investigation to determine its mechanism of action against the T24 cell line. The molecular mechanism was related to the arrest of cell cycle S-phase, inhibition of CDK2 expression, accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), induction of cell apoptosis, inhibition of cell migration, and activation of p38 MAPK signaling pathway. The results indicated that 14 could be used as a potential candidate agent for further development of anti-bladder transitional cell carcinoma. [Display omitted] • Eight new alkaloids were characterized from the DCM extract of Corydalis saxicola Bunting. • Compound 14 as a CDK2 inhibitor further accelerated apoptotic rate of T24 cells and induced apoptosis by activating the p38 MAPK signaling pathway dependent on the ROS levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Six new compounds, including two depsidones garciculendepsidones A and B (1 and 2), one prenylated xanthone garciculenxanthone (3) and three dimeric xanthones bigarciculenxanthones A–C (4 – 6), were isolated from the twigs and leaves of Garcinia esculenta Y. H. Li. Their structures were elucidated based on comprehensive analyses of spectral data, including HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR, and ECD calculation. All the isolates were tested for their cytotoxicity against five human cancer cell lines (myeloid leukemia HL-60, lung cancer A-549 cells, hepatocellular carcinoma SMMC-7721, breast cancer MDA-MB-231 and colon cancer SW480), among them, compounds 3 – 5 displayed cytotoxic potential, especially garciculenxanthone (3) had the lowest IC 50 value of 8.2 μm for lung cancer A-549 cells. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]