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Background: Lipid levels have been suggset to be correlated with multiple myeloma (MM) risk, though causality remains unconfirmed. To explore this further, a detailed study combining meta-analysis and Mendelian randomization (MR) was conducted. Methods: Literature searches were performed on PubMed and Embase; summary data for plasma lipid traits were extracted from the IEU and MM data from the FinnGen database. Meta-analysis and MR were utilized to analyze the link of lipids with MM risk, including mediator MR to identify potential mediators. The study was conducted in accordance with PRISMA and STROBE-MR guidelines. Results: Observational studies analyzed through meta-analysis showed that elevated levels of LDL, HDL, total cholesterol (TC), and triglycerides correlate with a lower risk of MM, with HRs of 0.73, 0.59, 0.60, and 0.84, respectively. MR analysis confirmed a potential causal link of triglyceride with a reduced MM risk (OR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.46–0.98), independent of BMI. Mediation analysis pointed to X-11,423-O-sulfo-L-tyrosine and neuropilin-2 as potential mediators. Conclusions: The findings suggest that higher lipid levels (LDL, HDL, TC, and triglycerides) are linked with a reduced MM risk, and higher triglyceride levels are causally associated with a reduced MM risk. This suggests new avenues for therapeutic interventions targeting MM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine and metabolic disturbance that affects many women worldwide and is characterized by chronic anovulation, hyperandrogenism, and ovarian dysfunction. Placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PDMSCs) are derived from the placenta and have advantages over other sources of MSCs in terms of availability, safety, and immunomodulation. Materials and methods: In this experimental study, twenty female Wistar rats were assigned to four groups (n = 5) including control, sham, PCOS, and PCOS+PDMSCs groups. Then, PCOS was induced in the rats through administering letrozole for 21 days. PDMSCs (1 × 106 cells) were injected through the tail vein. Fourteen days after the cell infusion, evaluation was performed on the number of healthy follicles, corpus luteum, and cystic follicles as well as the levels of testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, and insulin resistance. Moreover, the serum levels of cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were measured. Liver function was also determined by the evaluation of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels. Results: The number of corpus luteum and primordial, primary, secondary, and antral follicles was significantly elevated in the PCOS+PDMSCs group compared to the PCOS group. However, the number of cystic follicles significantly decreased in the PCOS+PDMSCs group. The LH and testosterone levels also decreased significantly, while FSH levels increased significantly in the PCOS+PDMSCs group. The levels of fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, and insulin resistance notably decreased in the PCOS+PDMSCs group. Moreover, the lipid profile improved in the PCOS+PDMSCs group along with a significant decrease of cholesterol, LDL, and TG and an increase in HDL. The PCOS+PDMSCs group exhibited marked decreases in the AST and ALT levels as well. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that PDMSCs are a potential treatment option for PCOS because they can effectively restore folliculogenesis and correct hormonal imbalances, lipid profiles and liver dysfunction in a rat model of PCOS. However, further research is needed to establish the safety and effectiveness of PDMSCs for treating PCOS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is well-known to trigger a disruption of lipid metabolism. This study aimed to compare lipid profile changes in T1DM patients after achieving glucose control and explore the underlying mechanisms. In addition, we seek to identify novel lipid biomarkers associated with T1DM under conditions of glycemic control. Methods: A total of 27 adults with T1DM (age: 34.3 ± 11.2 yrs) who had maintained glucose control for over a year, and 24 healthy controls (age: 35.1 + 5.56 yrs) were recruited. Clinical characteristics of all participants were analyzed and plasma samples were collected for untargeted lipidomic analysis using mass spectrometry. Results: We identified 594 lipid species from 13 major classes. Differential analysis of plasma lipid profiles revealed a general decline in lipid levels in T1DM patients with controlled glycemic levels, including a notable decrease in triglycerides (TAGs) and diglycerides (DAGs). Moreover, these T1DM patients exhibited lower levels of six phosphatidylcholines (PCs) and three phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs). Random forest analysis determined DAG(14:0/20:0) and PC(18:0/20:3) to be the most prominent plasma markers of T1DM under glycemic control (AUC = 0.966). Conclusions: The levels of all metabolites from the 13 lipid classes were changed in T1DM patients under glycemic control, with TAGs, DAGs, PCs, PEs, and FFAs demonstrating the most significant decrease. This research identified DAG(14:0/20:0) and PC(18:0/20:3) as effective plasma biomarkers in T1DM patients with controled glycemic levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: There are currently no approved specific clinical drugs for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge-Reynoutria japonica Houtt. drug pair (SRDP) has been widely used in the treatment of chronic liver diseases. However, the mechanism of SRDP treating NAFLD remains unclear. Objective: Based on network analysis and in vitro experimental verification, we investigated the effect of SRDP on lipid deposition and explored its possible mechanism for the treatment of NAFLD. Methods: The TCMSP platform was used to screen the active metabolites of SRDP and corresponding targets. The GeneCards and OMIM databases were used to screen the NAFLD targets. The drug-disease intersecting targets were extracted to obtain the potential targets. Then the protein–protein interaction (PPI) and drug-active metabolites-target-disease network map was constructed. The DAVID database was performed to GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis for the intersecting targets. The core active metabolite and signaling pathway were verified by in vitro experiments. Results: Network analysis predicted 59 active metabolites and 89 targets of SRDP for the treatment of NAFLD. 112 signaling pathways were enriched for KEGG pathways, including PI3K-AKT signaling pathway,etc. It was confirmed that luteolin, the core active metabolite of SRDP, effectively reduced fat accumulation and intracellular triglyceride content in HepG2 fatty liver cell model. Luteolin could inhibit mTOR pathway by inhibiting PI3K-AKT signaling pathway phosphorylation, thereby activating autophagy to alleviate NAFLD. Discussion and conclusion: The results of this study validate and predict the possible role of various active metabolites of SRDP in the treatment of NAFLD through multiple targets and signaling pathways. The core active metabolite of SRDP, luteolin can alleviate NAFLD by acting on the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway to induce autophagy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Obesity and its associated complications raise significant public concern, revealing gender disparities in the susceptibility to metabolic disorders, with females often displaying greater resistance to obesity-related metabolic disorder than males. Sestrin2 is a crucial protein involved in metabolism and energy balance. This study seeks to explore whether Sesn2 knockout (KO) exacerbates high-fat diet (HFD) induced obesity in female mice. Methods: Female mice with wild-type (WT) and Sesn2 KO were subjected to a 12-week regimen of normal diet or HFD. Using a Body Composition Analyzer, body composition was gauged. Biochemical assays encompassed glucose, lipid, and liver function measurements, alongside 24-hour urine albumin excretion. Echocardiographic evaluation assessed cardiac function. Histopathological analysis of key metabolic tissues (liver, kidney, and heart tissues) were conducted. Western blotting or qRT-PCR evaluated key proteins and genes linked to inflammation, mitochondrial, and lipid metabolism in adipose tissues. Results: In comparison to mice fed a regular diet, those on a HFD exhibited significant increases in body weight and fat mass. Notably, Sesn2 KO further aggravated obesity, showcasing the most pronounced metabolic anomalies: elevated body weight, fat mass, impaired glucose tolerance, and insulin sensitivity, alongside heightened levels of free fatty acids and triglycerides. Additionally, KO-HFD mice displayed exacerbated multi-tissue impairments, including elevated hepatic enzymes, increased urinary albumin excretion, compromised cardiac function, and accumulation of lipids in the liver, kidney, and heart. Moreover, adipose tissue showcased altered lipid dynamics and function, characterized by enhanced triglyceride breakdown and modified adipokine levels. Browning was diminished, along with decreased Pgc1α and Sirt1 in KO-HFD mice. Conclusion: Sesn2 KO exacerbates HFD-induced obesity and metabolic disorders in female mice. These findings underscore Sestrin2's novel role as a regulator of obesity in female mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the impact of VLCKD on cardiovascular risk factors in patients with T2DM. Methods: Until March 2024, extensive searches were conducted on PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and other relevant databases. The purpose was to identify clinical trials examining the impact of VLCKD on glycemic control, lipid profile, and blood pressure. The GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) method was used to assess the evidence's degree of certainty. Results: Our initial search found a total of 2568 records and finally 29 trials were included in final analysis. Our results showed that adherence from VLCKD led to significant reduction in fasting blood sugar (WMD= -11.68 mg/dl; 95% CI: -18.79, -4.56; P = 0.001), HbA1c (WMD= -0.29; 95% CI: -0.44, -0.14; P < 0.001), HOMA-IR(WMD= -0.71; 95% CI: -1.14, -0.29; P = 0.001), insulin (WMD= -1.45; 95% CI: -2.54, -0.36; P = 0.009), triglyceride (WMD= -17.95; 95% CI: -26.82, -9.07; P < 0.001), systolic blood pressure (WMD= -2.85, 95% CI: -4.99, -0.71; P = 0.009) and diastolic blood pressure (WMD= -1.40; 95% CI: -2.66, -0.13; P = 0.03). We also found a significant increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level after adherence from VLCKD diet (WMD = 3.93, 95% CI: 2.03, 5.84; P = 0.000). We couldn't find any significant differences between groups in term of LDL and total cholesterol levels. Conclusion: People following a VLCKD experience a more significant improvement in cardiovascular risk factors when compared to individuals on control diets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is a risk marker for arterial stiffness; however, the extent to which the TyG index is associated with arterial stiffness via lipids and inflammation remains unknown. The first aim was to probe the relationship between the TyG index and arterial stiffness in two surveys. The second aim was to clarify whether lipids and inflammation mediate this relationship. Methods: The sample size of 13,726 U.S. individuals from the National Examination Survey (NHANES) and 3,964 Chinese individuals from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS 2015) were enrolled. Weighted multivariate logistic and linear regression models, as well as restricted cubic spline (RCS) and mediation analyses, were utilized to estimate complex relationships between the TyG index, arterial stiffness, lipids (non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [non-HDL-C]) and inflammation (C-reactive protein [CRP]) biomarkers. Results: A total of 3,420 U.S. patients and 992 Chinese patients were diagnosed with increased arterial stiffness. Regression analyses demonstrated that higher quartiles of the TyG index were associated with a greater incidence of increased arterial stiffness (NHANES: OR = 2.610, 95% CI = 2.043–3.334, P < 0.001; CHARLS: OR = 1.579, 95% CI = 1.057–2.360, P < 0.001). Participants with a higher TyG index/higher CRP level or with a higher TyG index/higher non-HDL-C level had the highest incidence of increased arterial stiffness in the two surveys. The results were still consistent when the sensitivity analysis was implemented with stricter clinical cut-off values of non-HDL-C. Mediation analysis verified that lipids (mediated effect: β = 0.012, P < 0.001 in NHANES; β = 0.020, P < 0.001 in CHARLS) and inflammation (mediated effect: β = 0.003, P < 0.001 in NHANES; β = 0.006, P < 0.001 in CHARLS) partially mediated this relationship. Conclusions: These results indicated a positive linear correlation between the TyG index, non-HDL-C level, CRP level and increased arterial stiffness in two surveys. Furthermore, lipids and inflammation could partly mediate the correlation of the TyG index with arterial stiffness in both surveys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The dietary inflammatory index (DII) serves as a tool to assess the inflammatory impact of an individual's diet. This study aimed to investigate the association between DII and some cardio-metabolic risk indices among patients with T2DM. Methods: Data from the Hoveyzeh Cohort Study, encompassing 2045 adults with T2DM, were analyzed. DII scores were calculated based on food frequency questionnaires. Anthropometric measurements and biochemical tests were performed to assess cardio-metabolic risk factors. Results: Higher DII scores were positively associated with elevated triglyceride levels, triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, lipid accumulation product (LAP), anthropometric indices including a body shape index (ABSI), body roundness index (BRI), body mass index (BMI), hip, waist circumferences (WC), and waist-to-height ratio (all Ptrend < 0.05). Notably, no significant association was observed between DII and fasting blood sugar (FBS) levels (Ptrend > 0.05). Additionally, dietary intake analysis revealed a negative correlation between DII scores and intake of fiber, fruits, vegetables, legumes, fish, seafood, dairy products, magnesium, and vitamins A, C, D, and E (all Ptrend < 0.05). Conversely, higher DII scores were associated with increased consumption of red meat, processed meat, refined cereals, potatoes, and soft drinks (all Ptrend < 0.05). Conclusion: This study underscores the critical link between dietary inflammation, assessed by the DII score, and a multitude of cardio-metabolic risk factors in patients with T2DM. Notably, while the study did not find a significant association between DII and fasting blood sugar levels, it identified robust associations with novel anthropometric and biochemical indices indicative of cardio-metabolic risk. These findings highlight the potential of dietary interventions as a cornerstone strategy for managing T2DM and mitigating its associated complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dyslipidemia, which is characterized by an unfavorable lipid profile, is a key risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Understanding the relationships between epigenetic aging and lipid levels may help guide early prevention and treatment efforts for dyslipidemia. Methods: We used weighted linear regression to cross-sectionally investigate the associations between five measures of epigenetic age acceleration estimated from whole blood DNA methylation (HorvathAge Acceleration, HannumAge Acceleration, PhenoAge Acceleration, GrimAge Acceleration, and DunedinPACE) and four blood lipid measures (total cholesterol (TC), LDL-C, HDL-C, and triglycerides (TG)) in 3,813 participants (mean age = 70 years) from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). As a sensitivity analysis, we examined the same associations in participants who fasted prior to the blood draw (n = 2,531) and in participants who did not take lipid-lowering medication (n = 1,869). Using interaction models, we also examined whether demographic factors including age, sex, and educational attainment modified the relationships between epigenetic age acceleration and blood lipids. Results: After adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, sex, fasting status, and lipid-lowering medication use, greater epigenetic age acceleration was associated with lower TC, HDL-C, and LDL-C, and higher TG (p < 0.05), although the effect sizes were relatively small (e.g., < 7 mg/dL of TC per standard deviation in epigenetic age acceleration). GrimAge acceleration and DunedinPACE associations with all lipids remained significant after further adjustment for body mass index, smoking status, and educational attainment. These associations were stronger in participants who fasted and who did not use lipid-lowering medication, particularly for LDL-C. We observed the largest number of interactions between DunedinPACE and demographic factors, where the associations with lipids were stronger in younger participants, females, and those with higher educational attainment. Conclusion: Multiple measures of epigenetic age acceleration are associated with blood lipid levels in older adults. A greater understanding of how these associations differ across demographic groups can help shed light on the relationships between aging and downstream cardiovascular diseases. The inverse associations between epigenetic age and TC and LDL-C could be due to sample limitations or non-linear relationships between age and these lipids, as both TC and LDL-C decrease faster at older ages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A chronic autoimmune disease with an increasing incidence rate, type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is typified by the degeneration of the pancreatic beta cells. Diabetes management is significantly impacted by nutrition. Although it has been demonstrated that following the Mediterranean diet (MD) improves metabolic control with type 2 diabetes in children and adults, its effects on children with T1DM have not received much attention. Objective: Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess whether adherence to Mediterranean diet is associated with better metabolic control and body composition in youths with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. The study recruited T1DM patients aged 6-18 years at İstanbul University Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty Hospital's Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Outpatient Clinic for follow-up. Methods: In addition to demographic variables, some anthropometric measurements, body composition and biochemical parameters such as: Trygliceride(TG), Total cholesterol (TC), High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), (Aspartate aminotransferase) AST, Alanine transaminase (ALT) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was analyzed. The time in range (TIR) is a value obtained from continuous glucose monitoring. KIDMED was used to assess the participants' adherence with the MD. Results: Good adherence to the MD resulted in much larger height SDS than poor adherence. Poor adherence to MD resulted in higher body fat than moderate and good adherence. There is positivite correlation between TIR and KIDMED score. Adherence to MD is negatively associated with HbA1c. The regression anaylsis showed that a one-point rise in the KIDMED score would result in a 0.314-unit reduction in the HbA1c value (p < 0.01). Conclusions: In conclusion, this study found that adhering to MD led to improved anthropometric measurements, biochemistry, and diabetes outcomes. Awareness among children, adolescents with T1DM, and their parents about the benefits of MD compliance for glycemic and metabolic control should be raised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: As periodontitis and dyslipidemia are diseases that occur with high incidence, the relationship between them has attracted much attention. Previous studies on these diseases have tended to focus on lipid parameters and periodontitis, we aimed to investigate the relationship between dyslipidemia and periodontitis. Materials and methods: A comprehensive search to identify the studies investigating the relationship between dyslipidemia and periodontitis was performed on PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane Library before the date of August, 2023. Studies were considered eligible if they contained data on abnormal blood lipid parameters and periodontitis. Studies that reported mean differences and 95% confidence intervals or odds ratios were used. Results: A total of 73 publications were included in the meta-analysis. Hyper total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels are risk factors for periodontitis. Periodontal disease is a risk factor for high TG and low HDL levels. Three months after periodontal treatment, the levels of TC, TG and HDL were significantly improved, and statin treatment only improved gingival index (GI) levels compared to that of the dietary control. Conclusions: The findings reported here suggest that the mutual promotion of periodontitis and dyslipidemia can be confirmed. Non-surgical periodontal therapy may improve lipid abnormalities. It can't be demonstrated whether systematic application of statins have a better effect on the improvement in periodontal status in patients with dyslipidemia compared to that of the control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hyperlipidaemic acute pancreatitis (HLAP) has become the most common cause of acute pancreatitis (AP) not due to gallstones or alcohol (Mosztbacher et al, Pancreatology 20:608-616, 2020; Yin et al, Pancreas 46:504-509, 2017). Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) has been reported to be effective in reducing serum TG levels which is important in management of HLAP (World J Clin Cases 9:5794-803, 2021). However, studies on TPE are mostly focusing on cases reports, TPE remains poorly evaluated till date and need to be compared with conservative therapy with a well-designed study. Methods: A retrospectively cohort study on HLAP patients between January 2003 and July 2023 was conducted. Factors correlated with efficacy of TPE were included in a propensity model to balance the confounding factors and minimize selection bias. Patients with and without TPE were matched 1:2 based on the propensity score to generate the compared groups. Lipid profiles were detected on admission and consecutive 7 days. The triglyceride (TG) level decline rates, percentage of patients to reach the target TG levels, early recurrence rate, local complications and mortality were compared between groups. Results: A total of 504 HLAP patients were identified. Since TPE was scarcely performed on patients with TG < 11.3 mmol/L, 152 patients with TG level 5.65 to 11.3 mmol/L were excluded while 352 with TG ≧11.3 mmol/L were enrolled. After excluding 25 cases with incomplete data or pregnancy, 327 patients, of whom 109 treated without TPE while 218 treated with TPE, were included in data analysis. One-to-two propensity-score matching generated 78 pairs, 194 patients with well-balanced baseline characteristics. Of 194 patients enrolled after matching done, 78 were treated without while 116 with TPE. In the matched cohort (n = 194), patients treated with TPE had a higher TG decline rate in 48 h than those without TPE (70.00% vs 54.00%, P = 0.001); the early recurrence rates were 8.96% vs 1.83%, p = 0.055. If only SAP patients were analyzed, the early recurrence rates were 14.81% vs 0.00% (p = 0.026) respectively. For patients with CT severity index (CTSI) rechecked within 14 days, early CTSI improment rate were 40.90% vs 31.91%. Local complications checked 6 months after discharge were 44.12% vs 38.30%. Mortality was 1.28% vs 1.72%. No differences were found in early stage CTSI improment rate (P =.589), local complications (P =.451) or motality between two groups. Conclusions: TPE reduces TG levels more quickly in 48 h compared with those with conservative treatment, but no difference in the consecutive days. TPE tends to reduce the early recurrence rate comparing with conventional therapy, but TPE has no advantages in improving CTSI in early stage, and no improvement for outcomes including local complications and mortalty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aims: The current systematic review aimed to elucidate the effects of lipid variability on microvascular complication risk in diabetic patients. The lipid components studied were as follows: High-density lipoprotein (HDL), High-density lipoprotein (LDL), Triglyceride (TG), Total Cholesterol (TC), and Remnant Cholesterol (RC). Method: We carried out a systematic search in multiple databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, and SCOPUS, up to October 2nd, 2023. After omitting the duplicates, we screened the title and abstract of the studies. Next, we retrieved and reviewed the full text of the remaining articles and included the ones that met our inclusion criteria in the study. Result: In this research, we examined seven studies, comprising six cohort studies and one cross-sectional study. This research was conducted in Hong Kong, China, Japan, Taiwan, Finland, and Italy. The publication years of these articles ranged from 2012 to 2022, and the duration of each study ranged from 5 to 14.3 years. The study group consisted of patients with type 2 diabetes aged between 45 and 84 years, with a diabetes history of 7 to 12 years. These studies have demonstrated that higher levels of LDL, HDL, and TG variability can have adverse effects on microvascular complications, especially nephropathy and neuropathic complications. TG and LDL variability were associated with the development of albuminuria and GFR decline. Additionally, reducing HDL levels showed a protective effect against microalbuminuria. However, other studies did not reveal an apparent relationship between lipid variations and microvascular complications, such as retinopathy. Current research lacks geographic and demographic diversity. Increased HDL, TG, and RC variability have been associated with several microvascular difficulties. Still, the pathogenic mechanism is not entirely known, and understanding how lipid variability affects microvascular disorders may lead to novel treatments. Furthermore, the current body of this research is restricted in its coverage. This field's lack of thorough investigations required a more extensive study and comprehensive effort. Conclusion: The relationship between lipid variation (LDL, HDL, and TG) (adverse effects) on microvascular complications, especially nephropathy and neuropathic (and maybe not retinopathy), is proven. Physicians and health policymakers should be highly vigilant to lipid variation in a general population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]