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As a result of a recent discussion between members of the Executive Committee of the American Accounting Association and the Chairman of the Education Committee of the Institute of Internal Auditors in the United States, the editor to this department was asked to conduct a limited survey in order to determine the present status of the course in internal auditing. The Institute of Internal Auditors has been active in the field of education for several years, and its several committees wish to cooperate in every way possible to further tile adequate preparation of students for careers in internal auditing. Some case and text materials have already been prepared, these teaching aids are rapidly being augmented as more universities become interested in the subject matter. In carrying out the survey 36 questionnaires were sent to specific persons in the same number of selected institutions. Most of the prominent schools of commerce and business administration were included in the group and thirty replies were received.

The article discusses a study on the comparison of the leadership aspirations of a group of prospective women teachers (PWT) who planned to remain continuously in their profession even if they married and had children, with the leadership aspirations of men teachers (MT). The researcher conducted a survey of questionnaires about the future educational plans and leadership aspirations and were distributed to 321 PWT and 75 prospective MT. The researchers found that a number of PWT were underestimating their leadership abilities. The researchers concluded that these women may have internalized the concept that high-level leadership roles are for men and not for women.

The article presents a survey conducted by the research committee of National Association for Music Therapy (NAMT) Inc. to investigate factors relating to the profession of music therapy in the U.S. The survey used questionnaires to generate information on the classifications and salary ranges of music therapists. The results show that there is a need for the NAMT to think on the stabilization of classifications of music therapists.

Numerous studies have evaluated various techniques for increasing response rates in mail questionnaire surveys. This study examines two such techniques (personalized cover letters and follow-up post reminders), but goes beyond the single criterion of response reliability to consider budget and time constraints, as well as minimum sample size requirements for analysis purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a new approach to the analysis of free-response data matrices using reduced-space and clustering procedures. Two marketing applications are presented; limitations and possible methodological and substantive extensions of the approach are highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growing importance of industrial marketing in recent years has been reflected in increasing expenditures to advertise industrial products. The question presented here is just how well these expanded advertising efforts are being directed at their intended audience. This article presents a study in which the buying motives of representatives of four industrial segments were compared against the motives that industrial advertisers in these fields perceived for their customers. The results indicate that advertisers apparently do not understand which appeals influence their markets. INSET: MARKETING MEMO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several abstracts related to marketing research are presented. They include "Factors in readership measurements," "What do people read most in Sunday newspapers," and "Consumer contests are back in a new selling role."

Three studies attempting to achieve convergence between different measures designed to assess need satisfaction in organizations are reported. Study I showed poor convergence between two measures of Maslow's concepts on a sample of 146 nurses. Study II showed poor convergence between Maslow and ERG measures in a sample of 217 bank employees. Study III showed some convergence where expected between Maslow and ERG measures for 522 employees in a life insurance company. Study III also showed some meaningful correlations between Maslow measures and the Job Description Index measure of job satisfaction and a high degree of convergence between ERG and JDI measures. Discussion of results from the different studies concerns the effect of differences in item format on construct intercorrelations and the need to know intermeasure convergence prior to making interstudy comparisons of results. It is suggested that the failure to find support for Maslow's need categories in organizational settings is due to: (1) an inadequate conceptualization which does not readily facilitate the development of operational indicators, and (2) the initial orientation of Maslow's theory which was not specifically aimed toward organizational settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper develops systematic and comprehensive estimates of who bears the burden of an increase in national unemployment in the U.S. as of June 1974. Using detailed information on about 2,600 families who, during 1967-1972, participated regularly in a panel conducted by the Survey Research Center of the University of Michigan, Michigan, the paper traces the effects of an economic slump on family incomes along four routes: first, the direct impact resulting from more unemployment of the chief breadwinner of the family; second, the added burden from shorter working hours by the family head; third, the loss in earnings of secondary workers; and fourth, the cushioning of family income provided by transfer payments, such as unemployment insurance and welfare. The author's estimates do not encompass the adverse effects of a slump on the quality of jobs, nor do they assess the cushioning effect of lower income tax bills for the victims. In appraising the direct unemployment effect, the author uses his large sample to estimate the influence of various personal characteristics of the head of the family on his or her vulnerability to unemployment. The author demonstrates, a recession imposes a very regressive tax on the incomes of poor families headed by males, with an extra levy on African Americans.

It is widely assumed that people today experience an imperative quest for identity, and that altruism and work have been displaced as credible routes to self-discovery by the abandonment of inhibition and the attainment of intimacy. A preliminary examination of these premises is made through questions included in a survey of adults in the Los Angeles metropolitan area and in questionnaires administered to students at UCLA, two Australian universities, and one British university. Very few adults in Los Angeles, even in the youngest and most highly educated brackets, acknowledge any preoccupation with the question, "Who am I really?," though most university students in the four samples do. Both adults and students endorse altruism most frequently, impulse-release least frequently, and intimacy with intermediate frequency as routes to self-discovery. They differ most in their evaluation of work as a medium for self-discovery. All observations apply only to a self-conscious search for identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

* The author is much indebted for assistance and information to the Director of the National Assessment of Education Project, Dr Setijadi, and to many members of the Project, particularly Mrs C. M. Widodo and Drs Waskito; to the Directors of Education. Dra Mien Warnaen for West Java, Drs Sjamsuddin Tang for South Sulawesi and Dr Isjrin Nurdin for West Sumatra; to officials of the Department of Religion, particularly Drs Moeljadi; and to the headmasters and officials who kindly co-operated in the survey. While efforts have been made to check the reliability of estimates and validity of conclusions, these, and any inaccuracies which remain, are entirely the responsibility of the author. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This article presents a study that examined the processes of individual self-justification and collective legitimation among sociologists in the U.S. Sociologists tend to have high expectations for achieving positions of professional leadership and they also tend to have high expectations for professional immortality as individuals. It would be very surprising if academicians' attitudes toward themselves were unaffected by the system of competition for rank, tenure and salaries not fixed by an established scale. Given this system, academic persons are periodically required to participate in the ritual of justification, the filing of the annual report to the administration, wherein they must, if they expect to receive their just due in the distribution of scarce rewards, communicate the wonders they have wrought. Another source of academic persons' attitudes towards themselves may reside in the fact that there has been, historically, a close relationship between the upper classes and the academic profession. Social psychological theory also suggests predictions regarding the attitudes of academic persons towards their works. Professors have been prime candidates for status inconsistency, even though they are less poverty stricken and less genteel than heretofore.

The article reports the author's opinions regarding the topic of operations research as it applies to the field of management science. The author focuses on the development of corporate models for industrial applications such as production scheduling, resource allocation, and inventory management. The structural qualities of corporate models are discussed in detail. Methods of constructing corporate models, including computer simulations, are also reviewed.

Evidence prepared by the Central Council for Health Education for submission to the Committee appointed under Sir Harry Platt by the Central Health Services Council "to make a special study of the arrangements made in hospitals for the welfare of children—as distinct from their medical and nursing treatment-and to make suggestions which could be passed on to hospital authorities." [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

There are indications that ideological support of activism bath for and against social change may be fount! within the framework of the Christian church, indeed among congregations within the same denomination. A three-dimensional model of ideal types of congregations was developed, with those opposing social change called the "sacred," those supporting it the "secular," and those helping members to adapt to change the "main- stream." In a sample of Presbyterian congregations, differences of this kind were found, and each type was tested for its effectiveness in socializing members to its point of view. Assuming that "mainstream" congregations reflect views of other socializing agencies, "sacred" congregations appear to be more effective than "secular" in promoting a different attitude. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

FOLLOWING the practice begun in the November‐December, 1963, number of this journal, the present edition of “annotations of doctoral dissertations” is broadly inclusive of titles from various disciplines related to religious education. Preference for inclusion has again been given to investigations conducted according to the methodology of the behavioral sciences, but many titles using theological, philosophical, and historical methods of analysis have also been included. The initial selection of titles was based upon the Index to American Doctoral Dissertations, published in the spring for the preceding academic year by University Microfilms, Ann Arbor, Mich. The list eventually selected for annotation was produced out of the recommendations of a group of eleven specialists from the Religious Education Association and the National Council of Churches. The annotations, in turn, have been based primarily upon abstracts {presumably furnished by the authors) published monthly in Dissertation Abstracts, a service also of University Microfilms. As before, a few abstracts of dissertations done at schools not participating in the Dissertation Abstracts program (notably Chicago and Harvard) were annotated if obtainable. Unfortunately, however, abstracts were sometimes not obtainable, even though the titles indicated value for religious education. Some abstracts also simply could not be found in Dissertation Abstracts even though the school granting the degree was listed as participant in this service. Persons interested in reviewing complete dissertations usually may obtain these in one of two ways: the school granting the degree will either loan complete dissertations to local libraries on inter‐library loan or it will direct interested persons to ordering the dissertation on microfilm. Please do not address requests for dissertations either to RELIGIOUS EDUCATION or the National Council of Churches.1 1Code for annotation process: In the listings of dissertations each item cites, ‐whenever possible, author, dissertation title, degree, school, and year. Following this, reference is made to Dissertation Abstracts showing the location of the abstracts (e.g., for the first listing: Vol. XXIV, No. 3, p. 1064). The numbers in the text of the annotation refer to the following content: (1) Classification of study by methodological type, e.g., whether exploratory, secondary analysis of existing data, content analysis, sample survey (descriptive or explanatory), evaluative survey, experiment, critical and historical review of literature related to theory or concept, historical description (including case histories), philosophical‐theological analysis or construction of a program tool or set of procedures; (2), population(s) to which findings are related and size of sample proportion responding (where relevant); (3) chief instruments or tools used (if any) and sources of data; (4) major finding(s). [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Summary and Discussion Nonparticipants, unawarded suggesters and award recipients in a medium-sized insurance company that had recently installed an employee suggestion plan were compared as to personal characteristics, own attitudes, and attitudes of supervisors. Participants were found to be more concentrated in the age group 25-44, have greater labor force attachment and work experience, and place higher value on order and regularity than did the nonparticipants. No support was found for the common notions that suggesters are prone to gripe and to be hurt by rejection of suggestions or, by contrast, to be 'company men.' Nervous, undogmatic, unauthoritarian and fairly well satisfied supervisors tended to have more suggesters among their subordinates than did other supervisors. This provides some support for the assertions of much management literature that the supervisors can greatly affect the success of a suggestion plan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents a survey of the use of proficiency examinations in speech in several U.S. colleges and universities. Examination of how widely are proficiency tests in speech used; Alternatives open to students who pass their proficiency examination; Nature of proficiency examinations.

Presents the results of a survey about the status of speech education in U.S. science and engineering schools. Number of accredited colleges of engineering and science throughout the nation; Speech training requirements of participating engineering and technical colleges; Participation in forensics and/or dramatics; Enrollment classification and public speaking requirements of the colleges.

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