Search

A nine-month study conducted on a general medical ward of the Veterans Administration Hospital in Danville, Illinois, was designed to investigate several aspects of the pharmacist's clinical roles. The pharmacist detected and evaluated suspected adverse drug reactions (SADR) and deviations from medication administration procedures (DMAP) and maintained a log of all questions and contributions to the patient's therapy. A SADR was defined as any unintended or undesired effect of a drug. A DMAP was defined as a change from the physician's order as written on the chart. The pharmacist collected demographic data and maintained medication records on all patients. If a SADR or DMAP was detected by the pharmacist, he evaluated the event and completed the appropriate records describing the event. Eighty-six SADR were detected in 60 (35.5 percent) of the 169 hospitalized patients in the 9-month study. Discontinuation of the drug, additional treatment or hospitalization, and/or a change in the administration of the drug was required in 66 (76.7 percent of the 86 SADR. Patients experiencing SADR received a higher average number of drugs and had a longer average duration of hospitalization than the patients without SADR. Ten DMAP were detected in 4504 doses in the 6-month study, resulting in a 0.2 percent deviation rate. The wrong dose was the type of DMAP in 50 percent of the cases. There were 276 questions and contributions to patient care encountered by the pharmacist in the 5-month study. The majority were classified as therapeutic. In conclusion, the clinical pharmacist can and should be utilized in both research and service functions in the clinical setting.

Es werden 5 Liter reinster schwerer Stickstoff 15N2 mit einem Gehalt von 99,0% 15N in Trennrohranlagen dargestellt. Seine calorischen Eigenschaften werden mit denen des leichten Stickstoffs 14N2 verglichen: Alle Temperaturen der Phasenübergänge liegen beim 15N2 höher als beim 14N2. Dasselbe ist für die damit verbundenen Wärmetönungen der Fall; doch sind die Schmelzwärmen innerhalb der Fehlergrenze gleich groß. Die aus den Messungen für den idealen Gaszustand abgeleiteten calorischen Entropien stimmen mit den berechneten statistischen Werten besser als auf 0,03 Clausius überein, wenn die Kernspinentropie unberücksichtigt bleibt. Für die Mischmolekel 14N15N ist mit dem Auftreten einer Nullpunktsentropie von R ln 2 zu rechnen, die vielleicht unterhalb von 1°K ebenso wie die Kernspinentropien durch noch unbekannte Anomalien der Molwärme kompensiert wird.

Using lactose as a base for soluble tablets, experiments with different granulating agents and lubricants were made in an effort to obtain a practical working formula. Additional reports include findings on the relationship of mesh‐size of granulation to ease of compression and amount of lubricant required for compression. A formula and procedure for soluble compressed tablets is given and two soluble lubricants are suggested.

Die neue Packung ist aus Drahtgewebe gefertigt und besteht aus einer regelmasigen Anordnung freier Stomungskanale, die zur Kolonnenachse geneigt sind. Die Packung ist wegen des kleinen Druckverlustes und der grosen Belastbarkeit fur Vakuumrektifikation besonders geeignet. Die Trennstufenzahl von 6 bis 12 pro Meter erlaubt eine Verwendung auch bei schwierigen Trennproblemen. In einer Testkolonne wurden sechs verschiedene Gemische im Druckbereich von 2 bis 720 Torr untersucht. Die Ergebnisse werden mitgeteilt und diskutiert.

A rationale for the use of ion exchange resins as carriers in ointments has been postulated. Tests run to determine the activity of ion exchangers in various types of bases showed that an o/w emulsion base showed the best rate of exchange, the exchange rate being increased with increased water content and decreased ointment consistency. Formulation tests to develop a hydrophilic base showing maximum stability and acceptable cosmetic properties resulted in the development of an o/w base containing pectin and a Veegum base. These bases were shown by ion diffusion studies to be much superior to the U. S. P. hydrophilic base in the length of time over which ion exchange occurred from resins incorporated in the bases.

Dixon-Ringe sind Fullkorper aus Drahtgewebe. Die Eigenschaften solcher Fullringe beim Rektifizieren werden an Hand von Meswerten diskutiert. Sodann wird uber Erfahrungen bei der Verwendung in technischen Kolonnen berichtet.

The interaction of phenylephrine hydrochloride with low density polyethylene containers was investigated using 14Clabeled phenylephrine hydrochloride. In the first part of the study, nasal spray bottles with and without dip tubes containing 0.25 and 0.5% 14C-phenylephrine hydrochloride were evaluated at temperatures of 7, 22, 40, and 50°. No losses of 14C-phenylephrine hydrochloride were observed. Units stored at 40 and 50° showed apparent increases in concentration of the 14C-phenylephrine hydrochloride. This reflected the loss of water from these units, the loss being confirmed by gravimetric data. This demonstrated a technique for the observation of solvent loss by means of a radio-isotopic method. In the second part of the study, the influence of two preservatives, benzalkonium chloride (1:5000) and thimerosal (1:5000) on the phenylephrine hydrochloride-polyethylene container interaction was investigated. The data indicated apparent binding of phenylephrine hydrochloride to low density polyethylene by means of a preservative agent. Interaction was most significant at room temperature, with elevated temperature disrupting the apparent weak binding.

Leplat Jacques, Sperandio J.-C. La mesure de la charge de travail par la technique de la tâche ajoutée. In: L'année psychologique. 1967 vol. 67, n°1. pp. 255-277.

The exchange capacities of neomycin and sulfadiazine toward certain ion exchange resins were determined, and these resin-adsorbates incorporated into selected ointment bases for in vitro drug diffusion studies into serum. A comparison of the percentages of drug released from preparations containing free drug and those with resin-adsorbed drug showed little differences. However, bacteriological testing by a specially adapted agar plate method showed that ointments containing resin-adsorbed neomycin showed a more prolonged effective antibacterial action than their free drug counterparts. Little differences were noted in the case of the sulfadiazine preparations. It was concluded that ointments containing drugs on ion exchange resins are of value with drugs effective at low concentrations, such as antibiotics, but are less effective with drugs requiring a higher concentration for activity, such as the sulfonamides. Additional work is indicated to establish the exact concentration requirements for such ointments.

The relative capacity of several cation exchange resins to adsorb methapyrilene has been determined by an in vitro method. It was demonstrated that methapyrilene adsorbed on sulfonic acid cation exchange resin possessed pharmacological activity approximating that of a solution of methapyrilene hydrochloride as measured by the protection against histamine-induced asthma in the intact guinea pig. It is suggested that the use of ion exchange resins as carriers of drugs in liquid dosage forms may be useful in sustained release preparations.

Aus 350 Litern technischem Neon werden die reinen Isotope 20Ne und 22Ne literweise in einer Trennrohranlage gewonnen. An ihnen werden die Atomwärmen im festen und flüssigen Zustand, die Schmelztemperaturen, Schmelzwärmen und Tripelpunktsdrucke sowie die Entropiedifferenzen gemessen. Es wird ein Weg angegeben, um die Ausdehnung und Kompressibilität des festen Neons abzuleiten, so daß die beobachteten Cp-Werte auf Cv umgerechnet werden können. Beim Neon ist der Einfluß der Nullpunktsenergie noch recht merklich. Folgende Ergebnisse wurden erhalten: Ferner wird der aus der Debyeschen Theorie folgende Temperaturverlauf für die Differenz der Atomwärmen und Entropieanteile der Kondensate der Isotope mitgeteilt. Diese Funktionen durchlaufen ein Maximum. Beim Stickstoff und Neon findet man eine qualitative Bestätigung des theoretisch vorauszusehenden Verhaltens.

In the formulation of pharmaceutical and cosmetic emulsions distilled water is often indicated, and from this one might deduce that tap or hard water is not satisfactory in these preparations because of its effect on emulsion stability. No published data verifying a deduction of this kind were available before the authors began this study.

Glucose solutions were thermally decomposed under varying conditions. Preliminary findings showed that the formation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural from glucose was subject to general acid-base catalysis. Results also indicate that the rate of reaction was inversely proportional to the initial concentration of glucose.

A method for comparing the influence of suspending media on the dialysis of a soluble compound is described. Different suspending agents affected the rate at which the iodide ion dialyzes from solution, indicating that the nature of the agent is a variable which influences the release of the compound. It is demonstrated that the use of selected suspending agents makes possible the modification of release rates of certain soluble drugs from solution.

Sperandio Jean-Claude. A propos des D.E.U.G. de psychologie. In: Bulletin de psychologie, tome 28 n°318, 1975. pp. 878-882.

Breve histórico da criação da Biblioteca Pública do Paraná, de 1875 até os dias atuais.

Since repellent effectiveness varies considerably under different conditions, a study of the effect of various factors on the retention of carbon‐14 labeled dimethyl phthalate contained in a variety of water‐in‐oil and oil‐in‐water emulsions was studied after application to horse skin under normal conditions, under exposure to a fine spray of water, and under conditions of sensible perspiration. On the basis of the findings an improved dimethyl phthalate cream formulation is presented.

In a real work situation the operative strategy choosen by subjects depends on three variables, the characteristics of the operator (training, motivation, age, health, etc.); the characteristics of the task, i.e. the level of task requirements; and the level of workload, which itself results from the operative strategy. Ergonomista try often to measure the workload, but do not pay enough attention to the regulating effects exerted by the workload, through feed-back, on the strategy used by operators. This paper summarizes an experimental study carried out in a ATCC, showing how air traffic controllers modify their operative methods when workload increases.

The objective of this study was to develop a method of preparing a phase diagram of coacervated systems using physical measurements instead of chemical analyses. The per cent weight-in-weight concentration of three-component solutions of micro and macromolecules was related to the refractive indexes and specific gravities of the solutions by an algebraic equation. The composition of both phases of several different coacervated systems was determined by using the derived equations. By making accurate quantitative dilutions, it was also possible to determine the composition of solutions the specific gravity of which did not remain linear because of a high concentration of electrolyte. This study indicates that the points needed for plotting a phase diagram (including tie lines) of three-component systems can quickly and accurately be determined by using measurements of specific gravities and refractive indexes.