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Physiologic and pathologic effects of a systematic regimen of movement were compared with immobility in anesthetized, over-hydrated dogs. Immobile animals suffered early loss of oxygenating capability of the dependent lung that developed extensive atelectasis, hemorrhage, and pulmonary edema. A regimen of movement to alternate lateral positions every 30 minutes preserved oxygenating ability of both lungs, while hourly changes restored lost function and minimized the extent of pathologic findings in random zones of the lungs.Active regimens of movement were observed to prevent or relieve the arteriovenous shunting in patients. Pathophysiology was exaggerated in the dependent lung and reduced by change to the alternate position. Immobility, a critical factor in the genesis of hypoxemia, must be replaced by planned, systematic antigravity changes in position to maintain optimal lung mechanics and airway resistance and to prevent wasted work of the heart.

Wendell H. Oswalt. This Land Was Theirs: A Study of the North American Indian, Second Edition. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1973. xx + 617 pp. Illustrations, maps, bibliography, and index. $13.00.

WHILE there have been many experimental studies of the cognitive disturbances in schizophrenia, the affective disturbances have been more resistant to systematic investigation. Indeed, schizophrenia is often described as a thinking disorder. This is an oversimplification, however, in which the affective disturbances that are present in schizophrenia and the lack of harmony between feeling and thinking are neglected.Inappropriate affect, generally asserted to be a cardinal symptom of schizophrenia, has been described in a number of different ways. Some authors refer to the inappropriateness of the affective message in an interpersonal context, some emphasize the lack of congruence between the verbal and nonverbal aspects of the message, and others stress the disharmony among the various components of the nonverbal expression.1-4 Our search of the literature failed to uncover work specifically directed toward the experimental verification of the affective disturbances in schizophrenia reported

In 2 carefully controlled studies with the same women with chronic schizophrenia, chlorpromazine was shown to raise serum cholesterol levels consistently and significantly. It was also a consistent finding that prior to chlorpromazine therapy cholesterol levels appeared to be related inversely to measures of withdrawal, seclusiveness, and gross psychopathology. After chlorpromazine therapy the cholesterolbehavior relationships were no longer apparent.

Influenza was first noted in the north of Chile in the second week of July, 1957 A week later it was present in Santiago and subsequently in the central and southern provinces of the country. It was identified by serologic studies which also showed that the majority of the patients with pneumonia developed antibodies against the A/Japan/ 305/57 influenza virus. The sharp increase of pneumonia in Santiago on Aug. 2 came 10 days after the sharp increase of influenza cases. The twofold increase in deaths during the epidemic was mostly attributable to influenza and pneumonia, and the marked increase in deaths from pneumonia resulted primarily from the increase in total cases rather than from any increase in the proportion of cases that could not be treated successfully. The organism most frequently isolated from fatal cases was Staphylococcus pyogenes. The concerted study of this epidemic gave an early, relatively complete, and valuable picture of the characteristics and potentialities of Asian influenza.

1. The point of onset of ‘airway closure’ has been determined by simultaneous analysis of expired argon and nitrogen in twenty-five subjects studied in the sitting and supine postures. 2. Estimates of ‘closing volume’ derived from nitrogen analysis were less than those derived from argon analysis, the difference being partly attributable to a less readily defined inflexion in the record of expired nitrogen. 3. The relationship between the two estimates of ‘closing volume’ was linear and was not influenced by the age or posture of the subjects. 4. It is valid to use nitrogen as the tracer gas for the measurement of ‘airway closure’, despite the difference in the formation of the inspired bolus, but results should be compared with normal values established separately for this gas.

Sixty-six alcoholics were exposed to sound, color, motion pictures of themselves taken while under the influence of a small amount of alcohol. The pictures were obtained while patients discussed personal issues with a psychiatrist. Patients displayed three patterns of coping behavior during these sessions. These were: a consultative-receptive attitude, polite-impersonal attitude and a casual-impersonal attitude. These patterns indicated various degrees of cooperation and self-understanding.

Three groups of hospitalized psychiatric women patients were exposed to three experimental situations. The first group saw videotaped recordings of themselves in biweekly scheduled sessions, the second group saw audiovisual recordings of another person and the third group was not shown any recordings.