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The article shares the author's thoughts concerning the assessment of fertility control through abortion in the U.S. The author notes that from the global point of view, fantastically accelerating rate of the world population was probably the most serious problem they would be facing in the immediate future. He said that abortion was likely to be one of the most effective methods of fertility control in a certain sector of population. He adds that evidence has demonstrated that under certain circumstances, abortion can be highly effective even in highly advance countries. He points out that realization of the demographic and surgical of abortion was necessary in order to understand the magnitude of the problem.

Thirteen patients were treated for their axillary hyperhidrosis by excision of axillary skin under general anaesthesia. The operation was performed by dermatologists. Significant benefit was obtained by ten of the thirteen patients. The sweat levels were measured in a control group, and in patients before operation, and at intervals up to 1 year post-operatively. This is a good operation; minor complications are common, but resolve quickly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The factors that complicate rehabilitation of the lower extremity amputee were studied. Diabetes mellitus, bilateral amputee status, cardio pulmonary disease and neuropsychiatric problems all contribute. Stroke and diabetes were found equally in all age groups. One could correlate above knee amputees with cardio-pulmonary disease and below knee amputees with more stump problems. Neuropsychiatric disorders and cardio-pulmonary problems most limited the level of achievement. Nearly eighty percent of the amputees were able to return home; stroke, pulmonary disease and neuropsychiatric problems were the major limiting factors in not returning home. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arterial bypass grafting to vessels below the popliteal trifurcation has been shown to be a valuable technique. Not only are patency rates high, but adequate revascularization of the limb is readily accomplished. Salvage of ischemic limbs via grafts as far distal as the dorsalis pedis artery is possible. Thus, an attempt at infrapopliteal bypass grafting seems a reasonable alternative to amputation of the severely ischemic leg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Twenty-eight patients were investigated psychologically before surgery. The purposes of the study were (1) to discover the nature of preoperative anxiety, and (2) to compare direct questioning with an indirect method. The merits and shortcomings of the two types of assessment emerged. The findings suggest that, in addition to worries about the operation and the anaesthetic, there was concern about leaving the home and family, which was accentuated by lack of communication and contact with hospital staff, including the surgical team. Pain was found to have a variety of implications including loneliness. These and other findings are discussed in relation to psychological theories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses a study on the management of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Criteria used in selecting study subjects; Impact of aggressive approach on upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage management.

Describes the operative treatment of spinal angiomas. Morpohology of the disease; Diagnosis; Aim of operative treatment; Prognosis.

The virgin ultimate strength of polyglycolic acid (PGA) suture material exceeded that of silk or gut, but it decreased significantly after residence in oral tissue of surgery patients. Low-cycle tensile fatigue tests showed that breaking strengths of PGA sutures were decreased appreciably by cyclic loading and by degradation in oral tissue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A hypothesis is proposed. To ensure adequate debridement when necrotic tissue occupies the apical portion of the root canal instrumentation should penetrate to, and this may well mean through, the apical foramen. Anatomical and physiological data which appear to be related to the proposal are discussed and the initial clinical testing of the theories put forward are described. It is hoped later to present the findings of the several investigations which are briefly referred to and which are continuing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the study of one hundred transorbital leucotomies. It reports the results of a program carried out at the Clarinda-based Mental Health Institute, covering a period from November 1951 to July 1953 and involving a total of 104 operations involving transorbital leucotomy performed by a neurosurgeon from a nearby university school of medicine and a staff physician from the institute itself. The main concern of the follow-up involved an evaluation of the total status of each patient after the operation, as compared to his condition before the operation.

The article discusses on the shift of balance of interests of the medieval science during the fourteenth century. Science has developed through the speculative reasoning of the philosopher, scientist, or mathematician is in closest touch with the manual skill of the craftsman, and this has become the most important factor in ancient and medieval science when technology was the part of science. There has been a long separation of surgery and medicine which indicated how cultural ideals of the past. It continued to exert the prestige of tradition on the development of medicine.

Presents a case report of the implantation of the Chardack-Greatbatch adjustable rate and current pacemaker in an infant. Details on the surgical procedure; Reasons for the implantation; Results of the operation.

The article presents information about the decision of the Supreme Court of New Jersey on the sterilization law. The artificial regulation of the welfare of society by means of surgical operations for the prevention of procreation being based upon the suppression of the personal liberty of; individuals must be accomplished, if at all, by a statute that does not deny to the persons thus injuriously affected the equal protection of the laws guaranteed by the fourteenth amendment to the constitution of the United States. That the statute in question was based upon a classification that bore no reasonable relation to the object of such police regulation, and hence denied to the individuals of the class so selected the equal protection of the laws guaranteed by the fourteenth amendment to the constitution of the United States. The question propounded is whether or not the statute under which the order now before us was made is a valid exercise of the police power. The statute is broad enough to authorize an operation for the removal of any one of these three organs essential to procreation. These organs are in pairs on either side of the body excepting the uterus, which is a single organ lying deep in the pelvis, back of the bladder.

This report describes newly devised modifications of a local surgical technique for the treatment of axillary hyperhidrosis and the results achieved in eighteen individuals. Because of the increased severity of their symptoms, this group of patients required a more extensive ablation of axillary sweat glands than that previously described. An increased reduction in sweating was achieved by undercutting and subcutaneous resection of sweat glands for 1-2 cm. on each side of an initial elliptical excision made through the centre of the identified primary zone of axillary sweating. When present, additional smaller or secondary zones of sweating in the given axilla were treated similarly, but on a smaller scale. Gravimetric and visual evidence of reduction to 10-15 % of the original sweating levels were recorded. An interesting effect of the procedure was an apparent increase in axillary odour, readily controlled by axillary deodorants and attributed to a diminished flushing away post-operatively by the eccrine sweat of apocrine secretion. The clinical features of axillary hyperhidrosis were also reviewed. No sexual or racial variations in incidence were detected. A family history was elicited in the majority of patients and concomitant volar hyperhidrosis was frequently but not invariably seen. In all, the onset of the disease was at or after the age of puberty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Skin biopsy specimens were taken from lesions on the flexor aspect of the forearm of five male patients before, during and after treatment with a regime using dithranol paste. On histological examination, capillary abnormalities remained after completion of treatment. An increased dermal infiltrate was noted underlying areas of persisting parakeratosis. A marked reduction in the thickness of the prickle cell layer occurred during the first three days of treatment but thereafter the reduction was not significant. This finding is related to the clinical importance of a good initial response to dithranol treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study indicates that women who seek and obtain interruption of pregnancy differ in several respects from those who have later abortions. These findings have important implications for pregnancy interruption services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents abstracts of several studies on public health. They include "Current Estimates from the Health Interview Survey, United States—1969," "Surgical Operations in Short-Stay Hospitals for Discharged Patients, United States—1965," and "Streptokinase in Recent Myocardial Infarction: A Controlled Multicentre Trial."

Examines the percentage of megathrombocytes in various clinical disorders. Methodology; Results of the study; Discussion of findings.

Provides information on a study that compared the progression of patients with idiopathic hypertrophic muscular subaortic stenosis without surgery and those with the reported surgical experience. Methodology of the study; Results and discussion on a study.

Presents a study on the effect of parenteral fluids on a patient with intestinal obstruction. Examination on the fluid need of the average good risk patient on the day of operation following such procedures as uncomplicated cholecystectomy or thyroidectomy; Reason for limiting the administration of water on the day of operation; Administration of sodium salts during the operation.

Discusses operations for hemorrhoidectomy. Description of the Whitehead concept, developed by Walter Whitehead, of operating on hemorrhoids; Comparison between conventional types of operation and the Whitehead concept.

Fourteen patients of Armenian, Jewish, Arabic and one of English extraction with periodic peritonitis were given a 20-gram fat-diet. While taking the diet, episodes were stopped in four; in two, episodes were milder and farther apart; in three, episodes ceased temporarily but resumed in kind and tempo, and six obtained no benefit. The results were as inconsistent as the effect of pregnancy, jaundice, surgical operation and emotional shock on the repression of episodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents a study on the replacement of the entire esophagus for malignant or benign stenosis. Use of gastric tube operation in the treatment of carcinoma of the upper thoracic esophagus and cervical esophagus; Details of the application of the operative technique; Discussion of the case of a patient with a medical history of a squamous cell carcinoma of the upper third of the esophagus diagnosed by esophagoscopic biopsy.

The experience gained from the surgical treatment of 1,000 cases of carcinoma of the colon has led us to the following conclusions: 1. Preoperative sterilization of the bowel contents is essential and must be controlled by antibiotic sensitivity studies. 2. Operative procedures must be designed to prevent dissemination of tumor cells through the lymphatics and veins and via the intestinal lumen. 3. A more radical resection of the colon will reduce the incidence of second primary lesions. 4. Careful long-term follow-up studies and autopsy reports on all patients dying following resection for carcinoma will ultimately prove or disprove the validity of these observations. This material is presented at the present time as a preliminary report. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study of 175 patients of subtotal gastrectomy for duodenal ulcer one or more years postoperative was undertaken because of the status of the large number of patients seen in our clinic. Patients are discussed under 14 headings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents observations on the course of esophageal achalasia treated with mechanical dilatation with special reference to reflux. Most common operative procedures; Case reports; Primary features of achalasia.

Thirty-six cases of endemic enterocolitis were observed over a period of three months during the latter part of 1957. A coagulase positive S. aureus was incriminated. There is evidence to indicate that hospital inmates, without enterocolitis, harbor apathogenic (coagulase negative) S. aureus in their stools, and that when these organisms become pathogenic (coagulase positive) the patient develops enterocolitis. During the period studied, the majority of cases occurred in patients undergoing major surgical procedures of various types. All but two patients received antibiotics prior to the development of enterocolitis. Since the antibiotics are used with equal promiscuity on both surgical and medical patients, it may be assumed that postoperative shock, anesthesia and electrolyte disturbances are factors in lowering host resistance to such infection. The role of the cutaneous S. aureus carrier is important in the transmission of the infection. The similarity of staphylococcus enterotoxin food poisoning and post-operative staphylococcus enterocolitis is noted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents data from the Cancer Detection Center of the University of Minnesota Hospitals on the surgical treatment of polyps of the colon and rectum. Examination of the patients at the center; Incidence of precancerous lesions in asymptomatic patients attending the center; Surgical methods used.

Discusses the results of a study on steatorrhea, a condition associated with the excretion of excessive fat in the feces. Factors that result to steatorrhea; Number of patients who had defective absorption of fat by the intestinal mucosa; Surgical operations performed on patients who had steatorrhea.

Discusses the procedures used in performing surgical operations for gastric ulcer. Results of employing gastroenterostomy; Advantages of subtotal gastrectomy; Ways to detect malignant gastric ulcer.

Reports on the simplicity of the removal of large sessile polyps of the rectum by external operation. Placement of rectal tube through the rectum into the lower sigmoid and sutured to the skin around the anus; Avoidance of the external anal sphincter and the internal anal sphincter; Dissection of the levator ani muscle from the rectum.