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(1973). A Holistic Group Approach to Psychogeriatric Outpatients. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy: Vol. 23, No. 4, pp. 432-444.

To a high degree, negative evaluation of the self by counseling clients is seen as being the outcome of various kinds of irrational, unreasonable, or illogical thinking. Counseling practice and logical considerations, both based on an analysis of such thinking, suggest principles and points of view that might be taught to students for the purpose of correcting or avoiding such thinking.

Social and behavioral scientists, including psychotherapists, have become increasingly aware of themselves and the necessity to study and define themselves as "objects" of scientific investigation. As students and specialists in understanding human intrapsychic and interpersonal systems, psychotherapists have developed increasing interest in aspects of self and personality which go beyond transference in effecting the therapeutic process and outcome. It is difficult to accurately define such everyday concepts as personality and self. Lasswell stated, "The frequency of occurrence of an act on comparable occasions in the career line of a person is a trait of the personality." Webster defines personality as (1) a quality or state of being personal or of being a person and not a thing or abstraction; (2) that which makes a being a person; personal existence or identity; (3) that which constitutes distinction of a person; distinctive personal character; individuality; (9) philosophically: the mode of being of the soul when joined to the body; (10) psychologically: (a) the totality of an individual's characteristics, especially as they concern his relations to other people; (b) an integrated group of emotional trends, interests, behavior tendencies, etc. At times the concept of personality is used synonomously with the concept of character. For example, "that man shows himself alternatingly as two different characters or personalities." So personality is not considered to be a mood or fleeting emotion, although a person might be described as having or being a "moody character" or "personality." There is no doubt in my mind as to the importance of the therapist's personality in the therapeutic process for individuals, couples, and groups. For us to speak of the personality structure of the group therapist we must be aware when we use this concept that what is reflected in personality are cultural mores and traits, drives, needs, desires, values, anxiety, controls, inherited familial biology and transmitted myths, conditioning, social conformity and rebellion, super-ego, conscience, idealized image, adaptive functions, awareness of context or situation, capacity for reality testing, and of course residual elements of unconscious multi-transferences. All these are in operation simultaneously and the past in the present is reflected as transferential phenomena. Much waste of patient and therapist time, money, and potential occurred in the evolution of modern, dynamic, psychoanalytically oriented psychotherapy when so many therapists dehumanized, mechanized, and masked themselves and their personalities in a misguided attempt to be perfectly scientific and perfectly objective with their patients. Because of the trend at that time they could not clearly see that the detachment and silence of the therapist was experienced as abandonment, cruelty, and not caring. Such

Ethnographic data from a study of rural hippie communes suggest a clear attenuation of the normative differences usually ascribed to children on the grounds of their age. The participation of children in drug use and sex, as well as their autonomy in the settlement of their disputes, are cited as examples of this decline in age grading. Interpretations are offered of the ways in which this equalitarian conception of children is systematically sustained by other facts of communal life and by the ideological postures of parents. Finally, inferences are made from the decline of age grading in the communes of the counterculture for possible changes in the relations between the generations in the future.

In vitro enzyme hybridization was carried out with combinations of six allozymic variants of Esterase-5 from Drosophila pseudoobscura. Studies on heat stability and specific activity changes accompanying hybridization were done to examine the possible expression of overdominance at the biochemical level. In 11 of 15 combinations no significant change in specific activity was found following hybridization. In two cases hybridization resulted in a decrease in activity in the mixture, while in two cases esterase activity was elevated. Heat stability studies, in several cases, revealed reduced rates of inactivation in in vitro and in vivo heterozygotes compared with homozygotes. From these and other data a model for the molecular mechanism of heterosis is presented.

1. 1. Basal and stimulated lipolysis and re-esterification were determined in tissue slices of epididymal and subcutaneous adipose tissue in four strains of mice and in subcutaneous adipose tissue slices of man. 2. 2. When related to the EFA content of the tested tissue sample, the lipolytic activity of adipose tissue is different, within the same genus or species, even if tissue slices are taken from the same region. 3. 3. The lipolytic activity of the individual fat cells is similar in young, normal-weight men, in young metabolically intact mice and in those mice that later on will develop diabetes and obesity, depending on their genetic code. 4. 4. Differences in re-esterification are rather a consequence of the nutritional state than species-specific.

Functional ribosomes from Drosophila virilis dissociate to form 40S and 55S subunits. One-dimensional gel electrophoresis in either dodecyl sulfate-acrylamide gels (Fig. 1) or urea-acrylamide gels (Fig. 2) reveal complex protein patterns. Increased resolution in two-dimensional acrylamide gels (Figs. 3 and 4) indicate the existence of at least 28 proteins in the small subunit, and 39 proteins in the large subunit. Molecular weight estimates indicate a molecular weight range (and average) of 16500–40000 (25800) for the 40S subunit proteins, and 12500–45000 (24300) for the 55S subunit proteins. Comparison of larval and adult ribosomal protein patterns did not reveal qualitative differences between them.

SUMMARY Plasma aldosterone, plasma cortisol and plasma renin activity were determined at short time intervals in three supine patients suffering from primary aldosteronism. The patients were studied both under normal conditions and during suppression of ACTH secretion by dexamethasone. Though abnormally high levels were found, aldosterone was secreted episodically in each patient while plasma renin activity was uniformly undetectable. In each patient the secretory episodes of aldosterone were paralleled by those of cortisol indicating that physiological variations in ACTH secretion markedly altered the secretion of aldosterone. The assumption that ACTH played an important role in the regulation of aldosterone secretion in primary aldosteronism was strengthened by the observation that, contrary to normal controls, dexamethasone produced a significant decrease in plasma aldosterone concentrations and that during suppression of ACTH secretion no secretory episodes of aldosterone were observed.

An schwirrenden Kolibris (Amazilia fimbriata fluviatilis, mittleres Gewicht 5,7 g) wurden O2-Verbrauch, CO2-Produktion, Atemfrequenz, respiratorische Wasserabgabe und Flugelschlagfrequenz gemessen. Die Versuche wurden bei Temperaturen von 0–35 ° C durchgefuhrt.

The vibrational spectra between 800 and 30 cm—1, derived from measurements of the time‐of‐flight distributions of initially ``cold'' neutrons inelastically scattered from thin samples, are presented for highly crystalline polyethylene at sample temperatures below and above both the glass transition and the melting point, and for samples of branched, irradiated, and quenched polyethylene at room temperature. The acoustical torsion mode v9 with a high‐frequency limit of 200 cm—1 and the acoustic deformation mode v5 with an estimated high‐frequency limit of 550 cm—1 are observed in agreement with recent calculations of the normal modes of an infinite transplanar polyethylene chain. However, the measured spectra indicate that, although intermolecular forces appear to have a negligible influence, the distributions of frequencies associated with these modes are strongly influenced by the presence and by the phase of the disorder in the sample. Similar measurements for a series of n‐paraffin hydrocarbons between...

SummaryChlorphenesin (3-p-chloro-phenoxy-1,2-propanediol) has shown antineoplastic activity in a number of experimental tumor systems, including virus-induced murine leukemias and several transplantable tumors. Therapeutic activity was most evident in neoplasias characterized by a protracted course, and optimal drug effects were manifested well after discontinuance of treatment. The drug was not cytotoxic at therapeutic levels, and had no detectable antiviral activity. Experimental results suggest that chlorphenesin may act by enhancing cell-mediated immune responses of the host. Preliminary clinical trials indicate that chlorphenesin may be of value in the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin.We are indebted to Dr. R. H. Gustafson of Wallace Laboratories for antiviral studies, and to Miss Linda Carter, Mrs. Hildreth Danforth, and Mrs. Marilyn Seals for technical assistance. The portion of these studies conducted at the Sloan-Kettering Institute was supported in part by Grant CA-08748 from the...

Summary The influence of W-398 on the absorption of [4- 14 C]cholesterol and the dis-appearance of [4- 14 C]cholesterol tagged chylomicrons from the blood was investigated in rats kept on a normal diet. The results suggest that it possesses a novel action consisting of depression of the recirculation of labeled cholesterol after its uptake by the liver. Evidence is also presented to show that W-398 has little effect on cholesterol absorption from the gastrointestinal tract, or its degradation or excretion in vivo .

Expertise in leading therapeutic groups requires one's immersion and involvement as a whole person. The integrated mixture of the experiential and didactic in training programs may allow more group leaders to function humanistically as well as scientifically, the author believes. He reviews the work in the field and describes the program at the New York State Psychiatric Institute, where the experiential approach is being successfully incorporated into the training program.

SummaryThe hemolytic action of 16 water-soluble ethers of glycerol has been examined and compared with their paralyzing and toxic action. Mephenesin was the most potent paralyzing agent and also possessed strongest hemolytic action. The 3-o-ethoxy-1,2-propanediol which approached mephenesin in paralyzing action, had only about one-half of its hemolytic activity. Several other water-soluble compounds which have considerably weaker hemolytic activity have been found. These compounds, however, were also much poorer paralyzing agents than mephenesin. No significant correlation between the solubility of the compounds, their water-oil partition ratios, and their paralyzing and hemolytic action was evident.

The literature comparing meprobamate and the barbiturates is extensively reviewed, and the differences between these agents are found to be significant, from both pharmacological and clinical standpoints. These include major differences in site and mode of action, effects on conditioned responses and other animal behavior, primary indications for use in human beings, and effects on normal human behavior. The barbiturates are shown to be useful primarily as hypnotics which, in clinical doses, produce motor and intellectual impairment. Meprobamate is shown to be a specific antianxiety agent which produces no significant behavioral impairment at clinical dosage. A critique of this review follows.

Nach Auswertung der Einzelergebnisse aus 5800 Jagdrevieren konnen nunmehr erstmalig in der Bundesrepublik recht verlasliche Angaben uber die Pachtpreisentwicklung fur Jagdnutzung gemacht werden. Im uberwiegenden Teil der gemeinschaftlichen Jagdbezirke begann die erste Pachtperiode-nach Wiedererlangung der Jagdhoheit-im April 1952 und lief im Marz 1961 aus. Fur die Dauer der vom deutschen Gesetzgeber vorgeschriebenen neunjahrigen Mindestpachtzeit (fur die relativ wenigen Hochwildreviere betragt sie 12 Jahre) wird in der Regel ein konstanter jahrlicher Preis zwischen Verpachter und Pachter ausgehandelt. Bei einer Gegenuberstellung der durchschnittlichen Preise der abgelaufenen mit der gegenwartigen Periode ergab sich fur das Bundesgebiet ein Anstieg des Pachtpreisniveaus um 125 Prozent: Der Preis fur das Hektar jagdlicher Nutzflache kletterte von ursprunglich 1,55 DM auf 3,48 DM. Allerdings ist die Steigerung in den einzelnen Bundeslandern aus Grunden unterschiedlicher Einkommen und Siedlungsdichte sehr ungleichmasig verlaufen. Die Extreme finden sich in dem armen Agrarland Schleswig-Holstein mit einem Jagdpachtpreis von 1,60 DM, dem ein funfmal hoherer Durchschnittswert von 7,96 DM im reichen Industrieland Nordrhein-Westfalen gegenubersteht.

(1962). An Overview of Group Psychotherapy: Its Past, Present, and Future Development. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy: Vol. 12, No. 3, pp. 287-294.

We have found that vulcanizates of MD-551 and butyl rubber at identical crosslink densities have similar properties in low deformation tests at room temperatures. At high extension, the butyl has considerably higher tensile strength which we have associated with crystallization. The MD-551, on the other hand, shows heat stability far superior to that of butyl. It is postulated here that both these differences follow from the nature of the crosslinks in each polymer. The crosslinks in the MD-551 are thought to be both mechanically and chemically more stable than those in butyl. This prevents crystallization on stretching and enhances high temperature stability. Thus far, we have been concerned only with the gum properties of the MD-551. From our previous work, we would expect carbon black to improve the tensile properties of MD-551. Furture work will therefore be concerned with properties of reinforced MD-551. In addition, studies will be made in order to learn more about the crosslinks and how they affect vulcanizate performance.

Summary Chlorphenesin administered jointly with sheep or chicken erythrocytes or with penicillin conjugates suppressed the antibody-producing capacity of isolated spleen cells as evaluated by the localized hemolysis in gel technique. The production of humoral antibodies was also depressed. The suppressive effect of chlorphenesin was dose-dependent and was also influenced by the concentration of the drug present in the chlorphenesin-antigen mixture. Administration of chlorphenesin before or after the antigen had little effect on the immune response. Chlorphenesin did not affect pre-existing antibodies and did not produce immunologic tolerance. The drug inhibited the immunologic responses to the antigen but nevertheless primed the animal, as evidenced by the rapid rise of antibodies after a booster injection of the antigen. Chlorphenesin was also able to suppress the tuberculin reaction in guinea pigs when administered at the time of challenge.

Beim nordamerikanischen Abendkernbeiser (Hesperiphona vespertina, Korpergewicht um 60 g) wurde die Atmung bei einer Reihe von Schreckrufen aufgezeichnet. Die Rufe wurden beim Ausatmen ausgestosen, der Luftstrom war in Pulsationen von 55–60/sec zerlegt. Bei den dazwischen liegenden Einatmungen waren Atemstrom und Atemvolumen im Vergleich zur Ruhe erhoht. Die Einatmungsdauer betrug nur 0,1–0,15 sec, was der Atmung im Flug sehr ahnlich ist.

Whole mycobacterial cells, which are used in Freund's complete adjuvant, besides inducing hypersensitivity to tuberculoprotein, also can elicit hyperreactivity to endotoxins, lymphoid hyperplasia, and allergic polyarthritis in rats. The data reported here demonstrate that a potent water-soluble adjuvant obtained from mycobacterial cell walls is also effective in increasing the immune response to viruses, and that it is free of the toxic effects observed with whole mycobacterial cells.