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Two cases of pulmonary nocardiosis occurred in the primate colony of the Yale University School of Medicine from 1961–1965. During this same period 22 monkeys were necropsied with tuberculosis.Pulmonary nocardiosis may be mistaken grossly and microscopically for tuberculosis. Although the gross appearance of the lungs in both diseases may be indistinguishable, there are important differential points. Pulmonary nocardiosis has the following features which tend to differentiate it from pulmonary tuberculosis: No tracheobronchial lymph node involvement,No extra-thoracic lesions, andDemonstration of typical organisms on direct smear.

Gas chromatography of the serum of mice inoculated 6 hr earlier with Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coliK-12, and Clostridium chauvoeirevealed the formation of products associated with the infections. Longer periods were required before compounds resulting from infecting the animals with Salmonella typhimuriumand other Clostridiumspecies were detected by gas chromatographic means. The technique is sensitive to the presence of metabolites elaborated in vivo as a result of the presence of 100 to 35,000 cells. Each bacterial species caused the formation of distinctive compounds in infected mice, and substances chromatographically identical to these products were generated by the microorganisms in vitro as well.

Rats inoculated with Streptococcus faecalisdeveloped endocarditis and demonstrated a 6- to 30-fold increase in aldolase, isocitric dehydrogenase, phosphohexose isomerase, and lactic dehydrogenase. The animals infected with Bacillus subtilisdid not develop overt disease nor significant increases in enzyme activities, but viable organisms were recovered at 2 weeks. Rats inoculated with mixed culture of these organisms showed a 2- to 10-fold increase of enzyme activities without evidence of pathological anatomic changes. Both organisms were recovered at necropsy. The total protein and glycoproteins followed the patterns of enzyme activities. There were major changes in alpha1, alpha2, and beta globulins and glycoglobuulins at the early stages of infection. The protein-bound hexose changes coincided with the severity of S. faecalisinfection, but were at normal levels after 72 hr of infection of B. subtilisand S. faecalismixed infections. The results indicate that B. subtilisinfection modified the pathogenicity of S. faecalisand by an unknown mechanism affected protein and glycoprotein production in serum of experimental rats.

Presents several letters to the editor about various topics. Twelfth annual convention of the International City Managers' Association; Subscriptions toward a children's Christmas tree and dinner for poor colored children.