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The article talks about a paper on professional socialization as a model of the pre-training period applicable to students of physical education. This provides definition of terms for professional socialization, anticipatory socialization, socialization settings, and socialization agents. The pre-training period may be considered as the time of anticipatory socialization preceding the formal professional training. The three types of anticipatory socialization are the acquisition of attitudes and values about adult roles, the acquisition of specific information which cannot be applied directly, and the learning of both general and specific skills that can be practiced in the immediate childhood situation.

The article presents the author's report on her impressions on the state of affairs of Russian scientists which includes the dismal attendance of a Soviet scientist in several international conferences which she explains to be the result, not of lack of interest, but by the refusal of visas to Russian scientists. Moreover, she cites the inability of the Russians to acquire apparatus for research purposes as one of the grievances that further alienated them. Notwithstanding the grievances, the Russian scientists expressed interest in the field of research abroad, the author reports that she exchanged knowledge with several Russian scientists and professors from various fields of study which included discussions on methods of computation, Fourier analysis and electron diffraction.

The article mentions project management, line and staff organization, and small group dynamics, and focuses on managing and motivating interdisciplinary teams. The project team approach in research and development is characterized by its small groups that foster communication and mutual respect, the availability of technical support from other groups, information sharing, and a group or project leader who has authority status in the organization. Professional employees want challenging work, responsibility for controlling their work, and a minimum of managerial restriction. The functional, vertical structure in manufacturing organizations and the multidisciplinary, horizontal structure in product development are mentioned.

Work in industrial human relations to date has been too narrowly oriented to needs and problems defined by management, in the view of the author of this discussion, who challenges researchers to broaden their horizons to include study of the attitudes of individual workers toward their jobs, of unions as social institutions, of the process of collective bargaining, and of the interrelationships among institutions and individuals in the economic process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of organization levels upon organization performance. The methodology involved the establishment of experimental organizations of four, three, and two levels, and these were evaluated in terms of profitability, communication speed and accuracy, and individual member attitudes. The results of the experiment provide support for the hypothesis that the number of levels in an organization will affect organization performance. It provided limited support for the hypothesis that the fewer the number of levels the better the performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a discussion of occupational sociology and reports on the growth and development in the field of study. Beginning in the 1930's, social psychologists began evaluating the way employees viewed themselves within an organization. Worker identity can have an impact on motivation, organizational commitment and the performance of various work groups. Employee behavior is discussed as a mix of commitment and identity between professional orientation, company orientation and individual self interest. A specific example of scientists as a part of an organization is presented.

The proposition that open two-way communication is associated with a satisfying and effective superior-subordinate work relationship is examined. Different patterns and degrees of openness were related to five areas of subordinate work satisfaction. The results indicated that greater openness of communication by one or both members of the relationship was associated with increased satisfaction. In addition, openness of one member of the pair was significantly related to openness of the other members. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the authors' ideas that attempt to reconcile the conflict between science and art. The author holds that the notion of a conflict between art and science is so superficial as to prefer striking an attitude rather than learning from history, criticism, and daily experience. This notion only sprung from the lack of understanding between the scientist and the artist. Creation, whether it is in art or science, results from an intellectual process that is essentially the same, whatever field it is applied to.

The article presents a study on the effects of professional affiliation and clinical experience levels to the attitude towards group psychotherapists training. It states that members of social work, psychology, and psychiatry of Kentucky were mailed with questionnaires, assessing the attitudes on the group psychotherapists training. Results show no reliable relationship between the procedures that psychotherapists considered important for clinical training with the group training experiences.

This article discusses various aspects of clinical psychology. All signs indicate that the future holds great promise for psychology as a clinical profession. In order to realize the greatest possibilities, however, it is necessary that the relations with psychiatrists-which have not always been too happy in the past-be carefully examined and more satisfactory working agreements be established at a truly professional level. The appointment of committees on interprofessional relations by both the American Psychological Association and the American Psychiatric Association indicate official recognition of the problems and offer encouragement for solution.

In this paper Mr. Byng, who is Vice-Chairman of Standard Telephones and Cables Ltd. and Vice-Chairman of the Institute, discusses the claims of administration to be regarded as a definite profession. He deals with modern developments in the conception and technique of administration, with the qualities of the ideal administrator, and with the selection and training of candidates for administrative posts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the concept of "the two cultures" introduced by Lord Snow. According to the author, Snow claims that the two cultures refers to the estrangement of the artistic intellectuals and scientific intellectuals. However, he argues that the two cultures fundamentally do not exist and underlines that sciences are not a separate culture and can be regarded as humanities. After discussing the differences between science and humanities, and science and technology, he presents three primitive axiom which supports that sciences are humanities. He concludes that the place of the art is at the side of the sciences.

This article presents information on the cooperation between the mass media and the judiciary in the U.S. If a newspaper prints an incorrect account of a trial or an improper plea by an advocate engaged in a trial, the likelihood of the prejudicial statements being brought to the attention of persons interested on the other side or of the court, so that steps can be taken to prevent the corruption of the trial, is at least fair. Misleading statements and improper pleas made over the radio are fleeting and impermanent. Any attempt to correct them has to be addressed to what is supposed to have been said rather than to a printed statement which can be quoted and refuted with definiteness and accuracy. The responsible broadcasting companies, for obvious reasons, protect themselves against the misuse of their facilities in this direction but local broadcasting companies are under a severe temptation to permit the dramatization of a local trial which is exciting public interest and danger of having two trials going on at the same time. The one in the courthouse aims to arrive, dispassionately, at a result which will be just to the accused and just to the state. The object of the trial in the air is to achieve a dramatic result, to arouse sympathy and perhaps even to create prejudice. The trial in the courthouse is surrounded by the rules of evidence which require the exclusion of hearsay and gossip and assure the full presentation of both sides of the issue.

The article provides information on social status as the basis in the judgment of occupational prestige in the U.S. The theory suggested that high status subject would displace their judgments on moderate and low prestige occupations towards the low end of the high standing attributes and those with unfavorable positions gives their opinions based on statements which varies from their views towards the favorable end. A table showing the comparison of the judgment of Yale students and from the previously published judgments base on a nationwide sample supported by the theory is presented.

In the following article Dr. Ichheiser suggests that analysis of the conflicts involved is very important in studying occupations and the occupational situation of any particular individual. He distinguishes and discusses four different types of conflict which may arise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the following article Professor Bartlett, of the Cambridge Psychological Laboratory, argues that although the need of co-operation between social groups may be recognized as essential to civilization, there is, however, no organized study of the human conditions which assist or prevent co-operation in actual cases. He suggests lines of enquiry which might be followed, and describes experiments which have been carried out at Cambridge in this connexion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents quotations from various sources on the status of dentistry including one from the "Journal of Dental Research," on their affinity for the term dentistry, one form the Carnegie Foundation's Bulletin on Dental Education that explains their approach to dentistry and another from the New York Academy of Dentistry on cooperation between physicians and dentists.

The article presents notes from the minutes of the 1930-1931 meetings of the New York Academy of Dentistry. The article notes that all six of the regular meetings held during the year were held at the Yale Club in New York City. Some of the year's highlights included the work of the Committee on Community Dental Service on tuberculosis and the discussion of cooperation between dentists and physicians.

Information about two papers discussed at a symposium held by the New York Academy of Dentistry on cooperation between physicians and dentists is presented. Topics include the obstacles that medical and dental students face as undergraduates, the treatment of oral diseases and the treatment of disease at the community level.

The article presents the response of Clarence M. Pruitt, editor and publisher of the periodical "Science Education," regarding the decision of the National Association for Research in Science Teaching (NARST) to terminate its relationship with the periodical. The decision was a result of the failure of both parties to agree on the proposal by NARST to obtain control of the publication. At the 1960 meeting, it was understood that an editorial committee of NARST would collect and edit all subsequent materials to appear in the periodical. Pruitt argues that some members of the organization seemed unsatisfied with the concessions. Other details concerning both parties' termination agreement are provided.

The article presents a memoranda to members of the National Association for Research in Science Teaching regarding the decision by the Executive Committee to terminate its relationship with the periodical "Science Education." The decision was a result of the failure of subsequent negotiations to carry out the mandate of the membership with respect to acquiring control of the publication. Information is also provided for the terms agreed by both parties. In addition, the members are urged to solicit their opinion as to whether the organization shall initiate a new magazine as its official publication.

The article presents a code of ethics for superintendents reported by a committee appointed by the executive committee of the Town and City Superintendents' Association of Illinois. Attitude of the profession should be professional and never commercial. The relation of the profession towards his teachers is described as frank, courteous director and supervisor and of a personal friend.

This article is concerned with exploring and delineating a particular type of work/non-work relationship, a type of relationship which, though it has been well illustrated by many studies, has never been thoroughly analysed and discussed: the occupational community. An occupational community represents a particular relationship between men's work and the rest of their lives, a type of relationship which is probably increasingly rare in modern societies. Members of occupational communities are affected by their work in such a way that their non-work lives are permeated by their work relationships, interests and values. In this article an attempt is made, based on a review of many published studies of occupational communities, to list the components and determinants of occupational communities and to suggest a classification of types. It is of considerable interest and importance to investigate those workers who belong to occupational communities and who, by allowing a fusion of their work and non-work lives, present such a marked contrast with workers who separate the two spheres of life.

The article discusses a legislative proposal from the German government for a "Law on Industrial Physicians and Assistants for Job Security." The bill is said to contain many ambiguities and to need a number of amendments. For a transitional time, general practice physicians may be called upon to work part time as industrial doctors in one or more enterprises. Convergence of industrial and general practice physician operations is suggested.

During the past year, in 1958, the activities of the Association followed the customary pattern of completion of some projects carried over from earlier years and launching new projects and programs. An exact measurement of progress is neither possible nor necessary. Each year represents only a small segment of the continuing stream of influence on accounting education and research fostered by the Association. The periodical "The Accounting Review," continued to hold its high place in accounting literature and to grow in circulation and influence. The Association has continued its policy of cooperation and cordial relationships with other accounting organizations. Recognition of varying points of view was encouraged by the appointment of non-teaching members to various Association committees. A Committee on By-Laws was appointed during 1958 to consider the creation of the office of president-elect. The recommendations of the committee were approved by the Executive Committee and presented to the members at the annual business meeting for consideration. The establishment of a special fund for a doctoral fellowship program was announced at the annual convention in Syracuse.

Assesses the problem-oriented medical record. Description of the structure and function of the problem-oriented medical record; Characteristics of the old-style medical record; Role of supervision in a medical environment; Advantages of the problem-oriented medical record.

Presents the text of the convocation oration of John W. Gardner, chairman and chief executive officer of Urban Coalition, on April 24, 1969 at the Annual Session of the American College of Physicians, which deals with the need for regional economic development and the strengthening of the local government.

Editorial. Discusses the problems in the relation between medicine and nursing. Responsibility of the physician; Communication between the physician and a nurse; Studies of patient care and the physician-nurse relationships.

The article reports the results of a survey in Great Britain concerning academic-industrial collaboration. Data is given for: contact between research and development units and university scientists; company size and contact with university scientists; difficulty in contacting university staff; usefulness of graduate cooperation; and the interests of companies such as metallurgy and physics. Four categories of businesses that found no reason to engage in scientific collaboration with universities include: subsidiary companies whose parent company is responsible for research; companies whose work is based on customers' rigid specifications; and firms that use trade associations' research facilities.

This paper reports on the National Statement of Principles of Cooperation Between Life Underwriters and Lawyers, adopted by the American Bar Association on February 24, 1948 and by the National Association of Life Underwriters on March 16, 1948, for better service to the public by both lawyers and life underwriters. For many years the organized bar has been waging a battle against what has been termed by legislatures and courts to be the unauthorized practice of law or the illegal practice of law. Thus in New York, the Penal Law states it shall be unlawful for a person not a lawyer to practice in court or to furnish an attorney and counsel to render legal services or to hold himself out to the public as being entitled to practice law as aforesaid or in any other manner. Leaders of the bar and in the insurance profession, realizing that both were engaged in public service, sought to find a way by which litigations between bar associations and insurance men could be obviated and eliminated. It was hoped by many that a way could be found to avoid misunderstanding and friction. In estate planning, the 1946 National Conference of Lawyers and Life Underwriters has stressed the importance of the life underwriter working with his or her client's attorney as early as possible in the negotiations.

The article discusses principles for a guidance department created by a guidance counselor in the U.S. She believed that each school had to develop its own guidance program in accordance with the needs and characteristics of the school. Teachers should also be actively concerned with the guidance program without real personal involvement in it. It also emphasized the importance of people concerned with the school to establish an understanding of the purposes and methods of the guidance initiative.

This article examines the teaching profession and the characteristics of a good teacher. Educators constantly seek to isolate, describe, and predict these qualities. The concept of a good teacher has been questioned in research, but some researchers question the expectations and values by which a teacher is being judged. School sociology is also scrutinized, in particular the different relationships between the administrators and teachers and teachers and pupils.

The article discusses the professional problems encountered by elementary school teachers. According to a study, teachers have no difficulty in maintaining relationships with principals. It was found that they have more difficulty in handling the materials of instruction, discipline and control. This study also includes the time for individual and remedial work and counseling services for children. Also discussed is the need for adequate instructional materials for slow children. The author notes that teachers have recognized ways to meet the specific requirements needed in individual children.

The article discusses the expert teacher action study (ETAS), a new approach to teacher education. This ETAS program requires teachers and administrators to work together in long-range team efforts wherein each teacher-administrator team has been required to analyze and criticize criteria for teaching expertness. Teachers completed the ETAS program has assumed their responsibility for leadership in teaching processes. This program requires a joint effort by teachers and evaluators, maintaining the closest cooperation from selecting the goals to designing specific means and actions for attaining the goals.

The article focuses on the role and qualities of an ideal supervisor. A study was conducted by various groups pertaining to their perceptions about an ideal supervisor's role. The study asked two questions of various subgroups: (1) what are the perceptions about an ideal supervisor role? and (2) are any of the subgroups oriented toward viewing the idea supervisor as an affector of perception and an agent of change? According to elementary supervisors, their most important task is to conduct three-way conferences with a student, a cooperating teacher and a supervisor, to stimulate students regarding their evaluation of the teaching behavior. The crucial differences existed between the perceptions of supervisors and students which may have hindered communication and limited supervisory effectiveness.

The article focuses on the role of motivation, ideational fluency, and interprofessional attitude in teacher preparation programs. Significantly, an investigation is initiated to correlate and analyze patterns of the characteristics as well as to formulate hypotheses about the teachers' future performance in the classroom. The use of the educational test and measurement includes the Personal-Social Motivation Inventory, the Minnesota Tests of Creative Thinking, and Interprofessional Attitude Inventory. Significantly, critical and power motivation are the two aspects that differentiates among the groups investigated in the study. The findings have suggested that preparatory programs for different levels of schooling tend to attract and retain prospective teachers with different characteristics of motivation. Finally, further studies have to be made in order to assess the differences between candidates for teaching in the three preparation programs.

The article presents a study which cites the details of drug administration system at Kingseat hospital in Aberdeen, Scotland. It highlights the changes that take place in the system of drug handling which aim to eliminate transcription errors of nurses. Instructions on the use of Treatment Record for prescribing, drug administration and recording were strictly determined. Hospital Pharmacist is noted to be responsible for ordering and maintenance of drug supplies and supervision of drug storage. Improvements in the accuracy of drug administration as well as the time taken for various stages in drug handling are discussed.

The article presents the author's point of view on restructuring the community mental health care in Amsterdam, Netherlands. He comments on the Poor Law, wherein the municipality had to bear the burden of the care of patients in mental institutions. He notes that the first step in restructuring was to make an inventory of patients in mental hospitals. He adds that the next step was making use of the existing facilities and organizing new ones as far as circumstances allowed. He concludes that the re-establishment of the patient equals the re-establishment of the equilibrium, which can only be brought by the community itself.