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Little is understood of the reasons why eosinophils accumulate in vivo, although a tissue reaction to administered antigen has been shown to be a prerequisite for the response. The present experiments aim to understand the significance of the tissue reaction to parasitic larvae in the chain of events leading to eosinophilia. Trichinella spiralislarvae were injected intraperitoneally in rats, and the peritoneal exudate was examined at intervals. Eosinophils were closely associated with macrophages rather than with other cell types or with parasites. A striking collection of eosinophils around individual macrophages was noted 48 hr after injection, and in particular following a second challenge. Use of indirect immunofluorescence techniques showed that these coincided with presence of immunoglobulin on macrophage surfaces. Incubation of peritoneal cells in medium containing 0.25% trypsin reduced macrophage surface immunofluorescence and numbers of rosettes. Rosettes could be constituted in vitro by incubation of normal peritoneal cells in medium containing antigen and antibody. These findings suggest that in the tissue reaction to parasitic larvae a close association exists between eosinophils and macrophages.

A new concept of homogeneity enables a numerical value to be attributed to the homogeneity, or “mixedness”, of a given system. This concept was used to calculate the homogeneity of single ingredients in multicomponent, or compound, tablets and to trace the degree of mixing in two multicomponent mixtures. The relationship between homogeneity and a mixing index is mathematically derived.

The consolidation of powders during compaction can be relatively easily measured and indicates both the mechanism of consolidation and mechanical properties of the drug. Knowledge of whether a particular powder consolidates by fracture or by plastic deformation can be invaluable in a preformulation study. The development pharmacist may have to overcome bioavailability or stability problems arising during processing as a result of consolidation mechanisms.

Homogeneity or dose uniformity is an increasing problem in pharmaceutical technology. Sampling is considered from the practical viewpoint, since this is the most neglected area in the literature. The methods of expressing dose uniformity results are considered and homogeneity, rather than heterogeneity, is suggested as the most suitable solution. Problems of multicomponent systems and dispersed systems in continuous media are also outlined. The use of tracers in mixing problems is deprecated.

Previous reports of an association between cigarette smoking and the depression of immune function were investigated by studies of 35 subjects before, and three months after, they had ceased to smoke cigarettes. The studies included tests of natural killer cell (NK) activity against several target ceUs and the measurement of immunoglobulin levels in sera and saliva. Similar tests were conducted on 29 control subjects who continued to smoke. THe results indicated a' significant decrease in lymphocyte counts and a significant increase in NK activity against cultured melanoma cells in subjects who ceased smoking. Serum IgG and IgM levels rose significantly in those who ceased smoking cigarettes, but there was no change in IgA levels. Similar increases in immunoglobulin levels (lgA and IgG) in mucosal secretions (saliva) were .noted after cessation of smoking. The NK activity and immunoglobulin levels of smokers who continued to smoke did not show significant changes. These results were consistent with the reversal of changes in immune function associated with smoking. We suggest that these findings may provide further insight into the association of smoking with an increased incidence of certain malignant diseases and respiratory infections.

The dipole moment of D2O has been determined from Stark effect measurements for the 313-220 and 441-532 microwave transitions as 1·857 ± 0·006 and 1·869 ± 0·005D respectively. A rotational dependence of dipole moment has also been established for HDO through μa in the 220-221 and 532-533 transitions; μa was determined as 0·662 ± 0·001 and 0·644 ± 0·001D respectively. The total dipole moment for HDO has been determined from the 321-414 transition to be 1·85 ± 0·01D and to lie within 0·1° of the bisector of the HOD angle. High resolution Stark spectroscopy has been performed on the 624-615 transition of D2O with improved precision using the 337 μm emission line of the HCN laser. This experiment has confirmed the dipole results from the microwave work and the frequency of the 624-615 transition in D2O has been determined as 890 395 ± 3 MHz.The slight increase of dipole moment with deuteration is consistent with the dipole moment for H2O determined from the dielectric constant. This increase is discussed for the vibrational ground state (as for ammonia) in terms of anharmonicity in the bending vibration. The change of μ with rotational transition is interpreted in terms of large changes in molecular geometry for certain rotational states due to centrifugal distortion.

We use bathymetric and continuous seismic reflection profiles and rocks dredged in 1962 and 1964 to described topography, stratigraphy and structure of the North Slope of the Puerto Rico Trench between 65° 00′W and 66° 30′W. Abundant basalt, chert, pink and green claystone and minor limestone and soft mudstone were dredged from 3200–3700 fms at 20° 16′N, 65° 42′W. The basalt has porphyritic, amygdular or diabasic texture, is partly altered to montmorillonitic clay, contains plagioclase which is mainly labradorite or bytownite, is low in potassium and titanium, and is normally tholeiitic.

A series of left-lateral faults displace the axis of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge in the equatorial Atlantic. Two of the most prominent of these faults are the Romanche and Chain Fracture Zones. The ridge crest is offset 180 miles by the Chain Fracture Zone. The Vema Depth of 4106 fm is the maximum depth observed in the Romanche Trench. The floor of the trench is locally smoothed by sediments gravity transported from adjacent areas. Allochthonous fossils occur in cores from the trench floor. Scour by bottom currents is apparent in photographs and in the character of the sediments obtained by coring.

The distribution of carbon 14 labeled levodopa and its metabolites was examined in six patients with Parkinson's disease after oral dosage. Levodopa is well absorbed giving maximum plasma concentrations one to two hours after dosage. Measurable levodopa is in plasma for four to six hours after a single dose. At maximum levels, however, levodopa constituted only 10% of plasma radioactivity. Small amounts of radioactivity were found in the cerebrospinal fluid two hours after dosage (partly as homovanillic acid), while 85% of the dose was recovered in urine in 24 hours. Less than 1% of the dose is recovered in the urine as unchanged levodopa. Simultaneous feeding of milk to one subject apparently delayed absorption of levodopa and may have allowed more extensive degradation of the drug in the gastrointestinal tract.

The birth of a retarded child or a child with a developmental handicap threatens and disturbs the existing balance in the family to which the child is born. Depending on the severity of the handicap and factors within the family itself, this upset can be mild or severe, of short duration or permanent. Some characteristic aspects of this threat to parents, siblings, and relatives are discussed. The authors suggest a model for intervention by the pediatrician as he assumes responsibility in helping the family through this crisis.

This paper deals with the physics of lubrication. The principal purpose is to set up certain general relations which may be taken as a guide in the planning and interpretation of experiments to secure data for design. Readers interested only in results available for immediate use are referred to the discussion of the Ideal Bearing in Section V. That part of the paper is intended merely as an illustration of the way in which the foregoing general relations may be applied to particular cases, but the results are doubtless applicable as a first approximation to bearings of whatever type.

The author reviews briefly the historical development of incinerator plants and discusses the trends in design in this country and abroad. Although industrial-waste incineration is mentioned briefly, and the incineration of domestic and institutional wastes is discussed in some detail, the greater part of the paper is devoted to the incineration of municipal wastes. Many problems and conditions governing steam production in incinerator plants are touched upon, together with general rules for estimating required incinerator-plant capacity in American communities. The author discusses in detail the design of municipal plants with complementary or auxiliary equipment employed. The latter part of the paper is devoted to the utilization of garbage and rubbish as fuel, with examples pertaining to furnace heat balance and furnace temperature.