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In this article the author discusses about the importance of conservation for survival. Under the impact of a rocketing population, an insatiable spiral of economic expansion, as well as a gargantuan and pitiless technology, the very character of the concern of conservation has shifted. Once preoccupied with the quantity of resources, its attention is now focused on the quality of environment. Once a question of supply, conservation is now an issue of survival-of species, of habitat, of mankind. All the calamities and crises which now tread on one another's heels are symptoms, environmental warnings. The land is burdened with more people, production and machines than it can possibly sustain.

The article looks at capitalism and economic growth, as of 1967. The author says that economic growth does not equate to an improvement in human welfare and develops this theme with respect to three topics: automobile transportation, tourism, and the creation of wants through advertising. Topics include urban planning and public transportation, cost-benefit analysis, and preservation of nature.

The article looks into the issue of capital gains taxation in the U.S. as of April 1955. It presents the debate on whether taxing capital gains favors the rich or blocks economic expansions. It also discusses the history of capital gains taxation that reportedly began with the temporary income taxes of the Civil War up to changes made under the Administration of Franklin Delano Roosevelt.

This article highlights the progress and economic development of Mobile City in Alabama. It cites many signs of prosperity in the city such as the number of loan companies springing up, building of hospitals with first-rate facilities and establishment of symphony orchestra with a full-time conductor. The city's population also increased and industries continue to expand. It explains that one of the factors that has helped the city to progress is its accessibility through water transportation.

The article reports on the economic expansions in the U.S. during the Second World War and postwar years. It states the first expansion wave was during the period of the Second World War where the U.S. government offered, tax concessions for building production plants, and the second wave where the U.S. companies spent their own money for plants happened during the postwar years. It forecasts that the third wave during 1950 will see the actual expenditure set a new record in the country.

The article focuses on the rapid economic expansion and unification of the European Economic Community (ECC), its impact on U.S., and the possible joining of Great Britain. It notes that the six nation EEC will be held together by common customs tariff, agricultural policy, and some kind of political confederation. It tells that in order for U.S. to meet the economic impact of the unification, the administration of President John Kennedy has decided to drastically liberalize its trade policy.

The article discusses the impending fall of American exports as feared by U.S. economists. Countries buying from the U.S. may curb economic expansion and/or imports because of the shortage of gold and dollar reserves. The respective annual reports of the United Nation's 1956 World Economic Survey and the General Agreement on Trade & Tariffs (GATT) disclose a slackening in Free World production and trade. The flow of U.S. private investments overseas, particularly in Latin America, is seen to alleviate the severity of the dollar gap.

The article outlines the economic problems being discussed during the 1956 presidential elections in the U.S. It states that the Republicans call for continued balancing of the budget to maintain the purchasing power of the dollar, and they favor tax reductions, especially for low and middle income families and small businesses. Meanwhile, Democrats assert that a fully expanding economy can yield tax revenue to meet the obligation of the government to balance the budget.

Focuses on the maintenance of the full employment by the U.S. Responsibility of the U.S. Government to achieve full employment; Need for insistence on allocations and controls as the continuing means of implementing public policy in an economy in which available supplies of men and materials are always less than the recognized demand for goods and services; Enactment of the Full Employment Act to transform fully employed economy into a full employment economy; Need for controlling inflation to achieve economic stability; Expansion of the U.S. production capacity for enacting a welfare program for Americans and to provide a constant increase in their standard of living; Bottlenecks in the expansion of the American industry; Pledge of the U.S. Government to strengthen competitive enterprise by an intensive enforcement of the anti-trust laws with adequate appropriations; Unified development of major U.S. river valleys; Conservation of the fast diminishing resources of U.S. wild life, minerals, water, land, and forest as the major objective of its public policy; Information on the U.S. Government's agricultural policy; Information on government-supported programs for social security, better housing, medical care and education as the principal means of winning parity of living standards for farmers.

Focuses on de-industrialization of Germany and her transformation into an agricultural country. Role of former Secretary of the Treasury Henry Morgenthau in outlining a plan for de-industrialization of Germany; Description of economic provisions of the Morgenthau plan which consists of a program for the destruction of Germany's heavy industries and a program for pastoralization; Statement that allied control over all of Germany's foreign-exchange transactions is a practical policy and her exclusion from cartels is an obvious lesson of experience; Account of Berlin Declaration which, in contrast to the Morgenthau plan, does not necessarily entail the de-industrialization of Germany, it proposes economic decentralization for the purpose of eliminating the present excessive concentration of economic power as exemplified in particular by cartels, trusts and other monopolistic arrangements; View that destruction of heavy industry would disorganize and contract international trade at a time when expansion is most urgently needed.

Focuses on the social and economic development of colonies. Reason behind the establishment of colonies in the modern world; Role of the international cooperation in the economic and social development of the colonies; Explanation of the British colonial policy; Appointment of two strong commissions by the British government; Initiation of a new phase in British colonial policy by the British Parliament; Role of private capital in the development of colonies.

The article focuses on the Doctrine of the Natural Frontiers of France. This doctrine has had profound influence upon the political policy and the territorial expansion of France, both in medieval and in modern times, especially during the reign of Louis XIV, the King of France, the period of the Directory, the Napoleonic era, and under the Second Empire. It is the root of the Alsace-Lorraine question. French publicists have long recognized and clearly formulated the nature and principles of this doctrine although the import and influence of it have been curiously ignored or misunderstood outside of France.

The letters to the editor refer to articles published in previous issues of "Harvard Business Review." Readers comment on "Patent Rights Under Federal R & D Contracts," which is written by Lee E. Preston Jr. and is in the September-October 1963 issue. "Champions for Radical New Inventions," by Donald A. Schon, is in the March-April issue. "Gearing Military R & D to Economic Growth" is by Robert A. Solo and in the November-December 1962 issue. A letter from George W. Wilson, which appeared in the July-August 1963 issue, is also discussed.

The article mentions seven trends in technology and the impact of technological change on industries in the United States. The trends involve transportation capacity, power generation, reduced deterioration of goods, the characteristics of materials, and extension of human sensory capabilities. The consequences are given for increased competition and marketing opportunities, technological obsolescence and displacement, and the acceptance of more risk in business decisions. Topics include the effect of technological innovation on corporate growth, employment security, and economic expansion.

The basis of Italy was laid in 1935, and now the superstructure has developed in the interim. It is an Italy with an insatiable thirst for power and for expansion, an Italy with a nationalism that, probably for the first time since the establishment of the regime, has become definitely and visibly pernicious, an Italy for which the earth is just too small. On the other hand, it is a hungry Italy, an Italy in which the standard of living has visibly declined, in which there is more restlessness, more criticism of the regime, and more fear than ever seen before. Italy's financial condition has certainly deteriorated during the past three years. The two wars and the preparations for a third have fallen heavily on the shoulders of the people. Italian economic life is now practically conducted on a war basis.

The article discusses the history of the industrial and economic expansion of the U.S. to other countries as of mid-July 1928. It cites the plan of Colonel Charles A. Lindbergh to fly into the countries of Central America and the Caribbean. It claims that the U.S. has adopted the new concept that all commercial enterprise is inter-related and interdependent and that every exchange of goods or service should be mutually profitable.

The article reports on the U.S. economic recovery of the in 1961 from the postwar recession. It notes that the unemployment rate had sloped down from 7% to 6.18% in November. It mentions that the country's economy, for the first time in 20 years, had expanded without inflation, where in the cost-of-living increased by less than one percent.

The article discusses American attitudes towards success. The urge to obtain quick fixes for spiritual emptiness that has accompanied the great economic expansion of the 1950s indicates that the American version of success goes beyond material gain. Objective measures of success like career success are easy to measure, while subjective measures are more complex and depend on personal philosophies. Examples of success include conquest of nature and the Classical balance of life, success in relationships and success on an international scale.

The article examines the potential for public-private sector cooperation in international development projects. Private enterprise has a decentralized authority for economic decision-making and measures success by its market profitability, which gives it an advantage over governmental operations. Foreign enterprise, entrepreneurship, foreign private investment, and direct investment are forces that generate economic progress, particularly in developing countries. Topics include joint ventures and the U.S. State Department report "Expanding Private Investment for Free World Economic Growth, which was prepared by Ralph I. Straus.

The article examines key issues relevant to economic imperialism. The author describes imperialism as the forceful expansion of nations at the expense of other nations. He discusses historical viewpoints of communist or socialist imperialism. He presents a comparison between free enterprise and ordered enterprise. The relationship between imperialism and war is discussed. The author disagrees with the claim of socialists and communists that capitalism leads to war and international conflict. A Marxist view of imperialism is discussed. Influential socialists in the history of the criticism of imperialism include Rudolph Hilferding and Rosa Luxemburg.

The article discusses a dynamic theory of production and five growth categories in society: the traditional society; transitional society; society in the take-off process; society in the drive to technological maturity; and society at the age of mass consumption. Rapid expansion causes a direct demand for new inputs of capital which consolidates new growth and creates new industries. More economic expansion in the United States is expected when the nuclear arms race is resolved and a decision is made on how to create sustainable development and promote democracy in underdeveloped countries.

This article discusses basic assumptions about the position of the U.S. in the world economy. These assumptions include that the domestic market is the most important market for the U.S. economy; U.S. superiority in productivity, technology and managerial knowledge is normal; the dollar gap is a permanent fixture of the world economy; and the position of the U.S. internationally is both crucial and precarious. Americans need to accept the fact that they are going to be increasingly dependent on the world economy and the world economy will be less dependent on them. They need to maintain and strengthen the ability to compete on a central objective of national and business policy, which is as important as the goal of economic expansion and growth and more important than full employment.

The article reports on consumer spending and economic expansion in Great Britain and the Continental countries of Western Europe. Increased buying power among the working classes due to full employment and higher wages, the creation of a European upper working-class, and a trend toward two-earner households are factors leading to a one-class market for consumer goods. Statistics for retail sales of household appliances in Great Britain, Italy, Switzerland, and West Germany, as well as automobile sales, indicate a rise in personal consumption. Topics include installment credit, distribution methods such as chain stores and mail-order, opportunities for American trade and investment in the postwar market, theory of open and closed economies, and Europe's ability to resist communism.

The article reports on the labor market in the southern region of the United States. Factors leading to the expansion of industrial opportunity in the South include the quality of southern labor, the availability of raw materials, and access to sources of energy. The region offers an adequate supply of trainable labor, good labor relations, and relatively low labor costs. The disadvantages of operating in the South are the shortages of vocational training programs and workers with supervisory skills. Topics include unionism, companies such as Ford Motor Company that have expanded into the South, and reserves in agriculture.

The article mentions a capital formation process called the joint capital trust for manufacturing industries in the United States. The capital formation concept, which is used in profit-sharing plans, brings together and solves three problems--securing capital to keep factories and equipment efficient, providing incentives to inspire management, and giving employees security and a sense of participation that ensures full productivity. Sources of funding for the capital trust are company, employee, and government contributions. Topics include the implications for tax policy, pension planning, labor relations, economic expansion, and national defense.

The article focuses on economic activity in the United States and the outlook for the year ahead. Trends such as the high rate of births, population shifts to rural or urban areas and different regions, increased longevity, the importance of home and automobile in the family budget, the acceptance of television and growth of the TV industry will contribute to economic expansion. Defense spending is expected to stay at current levels and contribute to the volume of industrial productivity. Business spending should remain constant as industrial research creates new markets and obsolescence in others.

The article focuses on the impact of military mobilization on the United States economy since the World War II era. Economic expansion is attributed to a depreciating dollar, rather than real growth in gross national product (GNP). The 53% increase in GNP during World War II and government expenditure rising by 450%, along with the subsequent decline in private domestic investment suggest that mobilization expenditures will reduce investment and capital formation, which in turn impacts industrial capacity and future output. Topics include liquid savings in a civilian economy, a balanced budget, and the effect of a cheap money policy on inflation.

The article discusses factors that contribute to business conditions in the United States, and predicts a significant expansion in production during the 1950s and a moderate rise in prices. The eleven principle influences on expansion or higher prices include the cold war, maturity of Series E government savings bonds, infrastructure expenditures by state and local government, and a rise in private debt and in labor cost. Five factors that slow business expansion are: increase in the supply of agricultural products; decline in the number of married couples; decline in automobile production; decline in housing construction; and continuation of high tax rates. The net national product will have to increase to $300 billion in order to avoid a higher unemployment rate.

The article discusses the impact of profit on United States' postwar economic expansion and concludes that business profits for 1948 were not excessive. Four points of view are represented: the business perspective in the National City Bank of New York publication "Monthly Letter on Economic Conditions" refers to price inflation and peacetime employment; the labor union perspective is from Stanley H. Ruttenberg of the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) who accused industries of self-interest and price gouging; an economist's perspective is from Dr. Sumner H. Slichter who told the Senate that American corporate profits are overstated; and the government's perspective on national income, which was published by the Department of Commerce in "Survey of Current Business."