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A calorimeter equipped with a thermister capable of measuring the temperature change down to 0.5 ×10−4°C was constructed. By this apparatus the heats of dilution of three polystyrene solutions were measured and the values of interaction parameters were derived. The μ values for toluene solution and chloroform solution were both negative and large, but that for ethylbenzene solution was zero.In order to compare with the polymer solution, the heat of mixing of ethylbenzene, which may be regarded as the monomer-unit of polystyrene, with same solvents were also measured and it was found that the interaction parameters of polymer solutions have the same signs as that of the corresponding monomer-unit solutions.

Experience has shown that large kernels and high test weight have been associated in inheritance with tallness and lateness in the breeding of durum wheat, Triticum durumDesf. To determine if these unfavorable associations were genetic, F2, F3, and F4generations of four crosses were studied in the field. Phenotypic and genotypic correlation coefficients did show that selection for short, early‐maturing plants might result in lines with lower kernel weight and test weight in some segregating populations. However, the selection of short, early, large seeded lines appeared to be possible. Significant positive correlations occurred for kernel weight with grain yield and test weight and grain yield with test weight. Average heritabilities for kernel weight, test weight, and number of kernels per spike were 72, 67, and 69% respectively. Expected and actual gains due to selection agreed well for maturity, height, kernel weight, test weight, and number of kernels per spike. The data showed that kernel weight might be used effectively for rapid indirect selection of high test weight and, possibly, higher yield in large F2and F3populations.

An ideal three-dimensional model of a conduction calorimeter is presented. In the model, the heat transfer takes place only by conduction. The proportionality relation between the quantity of heat and the area enclosed by the recorded temperature curve and the time axis is proved under several sets of ideal conditions under which the proportionality relation is valid are examined, and thermal compensation is recommended for more precise measurements of heat and for convenience in obtaining thermogenesis curves.

An idealized one-dimensional model of a conduction calorimeter, composed of a container in which thermal change occurs, a thermal bath, and a solid thermal conductor connecting the container with the thermal bath, is presented. The boundary-value problem of heat conduction in the model calorimeter is solved by the Laplace transformation method. A proportionality relation between the quantity of heat evolved in the calorimeter container and the area enclosed by the recorded temperature curve and the time axis is establised.

The hydrolysis equilibria of Y3+, La3+, Gd3+, and Er3+ions have been studied at 25°C in 3 M (Li)ClO4by measuring the hydrogen-ion concentration with a glass electrode. All the test solutions containing hydrolyzed species prepared by the addition of alkali were acidified by means of constant-current coulometry. The data, which indicate a slight hydrolysis of the relevant ions, can be explained by assuming the formation of the following complexes: Y(OH)2+, logß2,1=-17.0±0.1; Y2(OH)24+, logß2,2=-14.04±0.01; LaOH2+, logß1,1=-10.04±0.01; GdOH2+, logß1,1=-8.20±0.01; Er(OH)2+, logß2,1=-17.4±0.1; Er2(OH)24+, logß2,2=-13.72±0.01.

A weighted least squares analysis of parental, F1, bulk F2and F3, B1C, and B2C means was used to estimate genetic effects of plant height, heading date, and grain yield in four crosses of durum wheat (Triticum durumDesf.). F3lines from randomly harvested F2plants from each cross were included in replicated tests in three of four environments. The F1hybrids exceeded their high‐yielding parents by an average of about 25% in grain yield; expression of heterosis, however, varied widely among the environments. Heterosis was of less magnitude in the expression of plant height and heading date. Dominance genetic effects ĥ were relatively more important than additive effects (d̂) in the inheritance of grain yield. Additive genetic effects predominated in the expression of plant height and heading date. Epistatic effects were detected in some crosses when analyzed in individual environments, but these effects were not detected for grain yield and heading date when data were combined over all environments. Some F3lines from all crosses were not significantly different from their corresponding F1's in grain yield and more desirable than the F1's in heading date (earlier) and plant height (shorter).

The hydrolysis equilibria of the copper(II) ion in heavy water have been studied at 25°C by measuring the deuterium-ion concentration by means of a commercial glass electrode. The total copper(II) concentration was varied between 50 and 90 mm, while the concentration of the perchlorate ion was held constant at 3mby the addition of NaClO4. A hydrolyzed copper(II) perchlorate solution was gradually acidified up to the point where hydrolysis was negligible by the use of constant-current coulometry. The experimental data, which indicate a slight hydrolysis in the log drange from –4.0 to –5.26, can be explained by assuming these equilibria;& Cu^2++D_2O=CuOD^++D^+,logβ_1,1=-7.71±0.07;& 2Cu^2++2D_2O=Cu_2(OD)_2^2++2D^+,logβ_2,2=-11.46±0.04.

The electrostatic parts of van Laar coefficients for binary systems of polar and non-polar liquids were calculated, assuming that (1) the polar molecule is anisotropic in polarizability, (2) that the polar molecule is an ellipsoid, and (3) that the dipole is a point dipole and its position is not at the center of the molecule.The results were compared with the experimental results.The agreement between the experimental values and the calculated values based on the refined model cannot be said to have been improved compared with the previous results, in which the calculations were made based on the much simpler model in which the polar molecule was spherical and isotropic, and the dipole was at the center of the sphere.

The influence of the mutual interaction between the molecules of different components in the sample on the retention volume of each component has been discussed from the standpoint of a strictly regular solution. The retention volume of each component in the mixture either increases or decreases, compared with that in the single component samples, according to the kinds of sample and of stationary phase liquid.

The heat of mixing of propylene glycol and di-propylene glycol with water was measured. The results obtained for these systems were compared with each other and it was found that the oxygen atom in the ether bond of di-propylene glycol plays an important role for the acceptor of hydrogen bonding and makes a great contribution to the heat of mixing.

For three solution of dichloroethane which is regarded as a typical molecule having internal rotation isomers, the excessive enthalpies arising from the internal reaction were calculated according to a simple theory derived from the Onsager model, and were compared with the result obtained from the measurements of heats of mixing for these solutions. The agreement was not very good and it seems to owe to the overestimation of the reaction field based on the simple molecular modern in the Onsager model. Especially for the dichloroethane-benzene system, special interactions may be expected to exist between dichloroethan and benzene.

The heats of dilution in the systems of polystyrene - benzene and polystyrene-cyclohexane were measured and the values of interaction parameters were derived. The heat of mixing of ethylbenzene, which may be regarded as the monomer unit of polystyrene, with the same solvents was also measured and it was found that the interaction of polymer solutions has the same sign as those of the corresponding monomer unit solutions.

The biological availability of the Amadori compounds fructose-L-leucine and fructose-L-tryptophan was examined in weanling rats. Relative to 14C-L-leucine, the apparent absorbability of fructose-14C-L-leucine was about 60%, but the incorporation of its radioactivity in the liver was less than 1.5%. Oral administration of fructose-14C-L-tryptophan showed that only a small percentage of the radioactivity was absorbed and incorporated. The absorption occurred mostly in the large intestine and was largely prevented after pretreating the rat with antibiotics. Intravenous injection of fructose-14C-L-tryptophan resulted in an accumulation of the counts in the plasma while a negligible incorporation of counts took place in the liver. Although the essential amino acids were highly unavailable when supplied to the rat in the form of the Amadori compound, the fructose-tryptophan was preferable to the total absence of tryptophan from the diet as seen in the readiness of the liver polysomes to remain assembled as well as in the ability of the animal to recover. The effect of the intestinal flora was discussed in relation to the absorption and utilization of the Maillard reaction products.

The effect of amino acid supplementation on the relative nutritive value (RNV) of brown egg albumin (protein:glucose 3:2; 70% RH; 37°C; 30 days) was studied in weanling male albino rats. Impaired availability of essential amino acids was found in the Maillard protein before and after dialysis by in vitro enzyme digestion and amino acid assay. Rats were fed 3, 6 and 10% protein for 21 days, and the following RNV with respect to untreated egg albumin (100) were obtained: 7.2 for dialyzed Maillard protein; 3.9 for the undialyzed brown product; 85.7 for the dialyzed Maillard protein as supplemented with all the essential amino acids that were microbiologically unavailable, and 83.9 for the undialyzed brown product supplemented as above. The protein efficiency ratio (PER) evaluation failed to detect the difference between the supplemented Maillard and the untreated proteins. From the portal vein amino acid patterns of rats fed a single meal of Maillard egg albumin it was apparent that: 1) the supply of most amino acids was decreased, and 2) lysine, arginine and isoleucine were the three least available amino acids after browning. Analysis of the total fecal nitrogen and amino acids corroborated the unavailability of most essential amino acids from brown egg albumin.

The statistical mechanical expression relating the solubilities of d- and l-optical isomers in optically active solvent is derived.It is shown that there exists a difference between these two solubilities.The possibility of optical resolution is also discussed.

The electrostatic part of the excess functions for 21 binary systems consisting of polar and non-polar liquids were calculated according to Onsager’s model. The electrostatic part of the excess free energy and excess enthalpy are positive over all the concentrations for all of these systems and these quantities are unsymmetric with regard to the mole fractions xagainst the value at the point x= 0.5.The concentrations xmaxwhere these quantities have maximum values, shift to a lower concentration of polar component. The larger the dipole moment of the polar components, the larger the maximum values and the shifts are. The electrostatic part of excess entropies have positive values over the whole concentration for systems consisting of a polar component of small dipole moment, but for those consisting of one with a larger dipole moment, these quantities take negative values for a high concentration of polar component, but take positive values for a low concentration range. The electrostatic part of van Laar coefficients is also calculated and these values increase with the decrease of concentration of polar component.

A statistical mechanical theory of solutions consisting of d- and l-optical isomers is developed based on a new model of optically active molecules, and the excess free energy of the system is also derived and the order of magnitude of this quantity is examined.

The anomalous stabilization energy for the systems containing polar and aromatic nonpolar liquids was evaluated on reasonable assumptions. The van Laar coefficient due to this stabilizing effect was found to be dependent on the concentration. The stabilization effect corresponding to the concentration dependent part of the van Laar coefficient was explained by the cooperative orientation of aromatic nonpolar molecules around the polar molecules.

The electrostatic part of the van Laar coefficients were derived from the observed value of heats of mixing and some regularity was found between these values and the dielectric constant of polar components if non-polar components are non-aromatic (group I). However, no regularity exists between them if non-polar components are aromatic (group II). These values were also compared with the calculated values. For group I, qualitative agreements were obtained and this confirms the fact that the variation of α with concentration is due to dipolar interaction of the polar components. The agreement is poor for systems containing a polar component with large dipole moments or for one containing a non-polar component with quadrupole moment. For group II, no qualitative agreement was obtained.

A semi-automatic microcalorimeter is constructed which is convenient for a large number of the measurements of heats of mixing of two kinds of liquid.The calorimeter is equipped with a removable mixing vessel, its holder, and a container, by which the efficiency of the measurement is much increased. Automatic registering of the time intervals during which the electrical current is supplied to the calorimeter, as well as automatic thermal compensation for endo-thermic systems, are performed. It is another feature of the apparatus to require only less than 1 cc. of each component for each measurement. The elimination of the vapor phase of the liquids in the mixing vessel makes the results certain. The heat sensitivity is 10−3joule.

The heats of mixing were measured for 22 binary systems of polar and non-polar liquids where the pairs of liquids have similar molecular sizes.For the systems in which the non-polar components are non-aromatic, the van Laar coefficients α are positive and increase smoothly as the concentration of polar liquids decrease. This variation of α with concentration is attributed to the effect of dipole of the polar component.However, for the systems where the nonpolar components are aromatic, the values of α are smaller than that of the corresponding non-aromatic system and are even negative for most of the cases and decrease with concentration of polar component in most concentration ranges.The sharp difference between two groups of the binary systems, was attributed to the structural difference of aromatic and non-aromatic non-polar components.The effect presumably due to the quadrupole of the non-polar components was noticed.

A microcalorimeter of the twin type has been constructed, one which is operated semiautomatically. Using this apparatus, the heats of mixing for alcohol-ketone, alcohol-hexane, and ketone-hexane solutions have been measured. From these heats of mixing, the hydrogen bond energy of the O–H…O= type has been estimated to be about 4kcal. by means of the thermochemical cycle.

Stability constants of the hydrolysis species of UO22+ion were determined in pure light water and 80% heavy water containing 3mNaClO4as an ionic medium at 25°C, and the results were compared with those in pure heavy water. The decrease of the stability constants in hydrolysis reactions of UO22+ion, as well as of Be2+ion, was discussed in terms of the equilibrium theory of the solvent deuterium isotope effects, which is based on the assumptions that activity coefficients of chemical species in isotopic exchange equilibria remain unchanged with the change in the deuterium atom fraction in the solvent, that the solvated hydrogen ion possesses three equivalent lyons, and that the isotopic equilibria are subject to the rule of the simple geometric mean. Satisfactory agreements were found between the observed and calculated values for the relative stability constants of the hydrolysis species of UO22+and Be2+in water of various hydrogen isotopic compositions.

The article examines the art works of American artist Louis Comfort Tiffany, a master French art movement Art Nouveau. The author reveals that Tiffany is one of the most advanced designer and artisan of Art Nouveau or new art, but he never let go his interest for the arts of the past. It was stated that the art works of Tiffany, including his mosaics, decorative windows, furniture and his "Favrile" glass, feature an American style but with the concept of Continental luxury and richness.

The article highlights the exhibition "The French Impressionists and some of their Contemporaries" at the Wildenstein Gallery in London, England. It is said that impressionism means modern art by which it becomes an endless source of exhibitions, catalogues and books. On the other hand, the exhibition provides an opportunity to contrast the various approaches to the movement such as Impressionist and post-Impressionist works from private British collections.

The article reports on the significance of Art Nouveau on Liberty & Co. in London, England. According to the author, the importance of Liberty has been underestimated due to the current literature on Art Nouveau. Moreover, it points out that Moorish influence of Liberty's can be seen in the work of first Art Nouveau designer Arthur Mackmurdo.

The article provides information concerning the nineteenth century art in London, England. The author implies that the almost exclusive interest in French Impressionism during the past thirty years has tended to make people overlook the fact that nineteenth century aesthetic taste embraced not only then revolutionary movements, but the many and varied styles shown at the Royal Academy.

The article provides information concerning the works of artist Lawrence Alma-Tadema in Great Britain. The author implies that it seems significant that Alma-Tadema is the most ridiculed painter of the nineteenth century, as well as the least written about. Several of his less important contemporaries have already been overcome the prejudice against literary painting.

The article discusses the downfall of the 1862 International Exhibition held in London, England. It suffered several postponements before it opened, one of them due to a political crisis in Italy and another to the sudden death of Prince Albert, who was closely connected with the Exhibition's conception. In addition, the pieces came into the hands of the Victoria and Albert Museum after the exhibition closed.

In the present work, experiments were carried out for the systems of 20, 80 and 99.8% heavy water. It has turned out that the relationship between the emf and the lyonium ion concentration in a H2O–D2O mixed solvent can be expressed at 25°C by the so-called Nernst equation within the limits of experimental accuracy of ±0.1 mV. This means that the lyonium ion concentration in a H2O–D2O mixed solvent can be measured with the same experimental accuracy (uncertainty of ±0.1 mV) as that in light water by the use of a glass electrode.

The 50Sand 30Sribosomes and 23Sand 16SRNA were hydrolyzed with ribonuclease A. The rate constants and number of fragments produced were determined for each reaction. The conformation of 23SRNA changes when the RNA is extracted from the ribosome. Specific regions of the RNA in 50Sand 30Sribosomes are protected from hydrolysis by the ribosomal proteins.

Expressions for the distribution of the isotope mixture in liquid-vapor phase system under centrifugal force were derived. By the use of these expressions, the efficiency of the isotope concentration was estimated for actual cases under accessible conditions. It was found that an efficient concentration of the isotope from their mixture was possible by the proper design of an apparatus for successive distillation.

The article reviews two exhibitions concerning the works of Alphonse Mucha at the Grosvenor and Arthur Jeffress Galleries and the Victoria and Albert Museum in London, England.

The article profiles painter James Jacques Tissot and describes some of his works. He had been exhibiting at the Royal Academy since 1864 and was doing caricatures of royalties and literary lions for Vanity Fair. The theme of his masterpieces concentrated mostly on pretty women. Some of his finest subjects include "The Captain's Daughter," "The Last Evening," and "The Officers' Quarters."

DENOUEMENT AND DISCUSSION APERT'S SYNDROME (Acrocephalosyndactyly) MANIFESTATIONS The major manifestations include premature closure of cranial sutures and syndactyly of the hands and feet. Because of closure of the coronal sutures the calvarium is lengthened vertically and decreased in the anteroposterior diameter, resulting in a flattened occiput and a prominent frontal area. There is hypertelorism, an antimongoloid slant, and bulging of the eyes secondary to the shallow orbits. Facial dysostosis consisting of hypoplasia of the maxillae, a prominent mandible, high-arched narrow palate and crowded teeth, an open mouth secondary to nasal obstruction, and occasionally a cleft palate are present.The syndactyly is marked and resembles a "mitten hand" or "sock foot." There is usually a complete fusion of the distal soft tissues and occasionally of the bones. The thumbs and big toes may or may not be involved in the fusion. Other skeletal anomalies include hallux varus, ankylosis of major joints,

In the treatment of syphilis with arsenicals and heavy metals, the therapeutic shock, or so-called Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction, has been observed, and we have noted the same type of reaction in 2 lepers with the lepromatous type of the disease who were being treated with "diasone" (disodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate diaminodiphenylsulfone).This drug, newly adopted in the therapeutics of leprosy, is given credit for the encouraging results we have been achieving. We have had the opportunity to study one of the first cases of this reaction to occur with the application of this drug.Pfuetze and Pyla1 reported a case of a severe reaction of the pemphigoid type observed in a tuberculous patient under treatment with "diasone." The pemphigoid eruption was followed by exfoliating dermatitis. Muir,2 reporting on his treatment of 12 lepers with "diasone," did not refer to any reaction resulting from the application of this drug. At the

The article reviews several exhibitions, including Maurice Denis' Nabisme style paintings at the Wildenstein's Gallery in New York City, the works of Scottish artist J. D. Fergusson at the Leicester Galleries in London, England, and paintings of French artist Paul Maze at the O'Hana Galleries in London, England.

The article reviews two exhibitions of animal sculptures in Paris, France in 1962 including "The Animaliers" at Mallet at Bourdon House and the exhibition of Pre-Raphaelites at the Maas Gallery.