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The article discusses the climatic cycles and treegrowths in the U.S. It highlights the ecologist interest in the correlation of treegrowth rainfall. According to that author, in dry climates, the ring thickness is proportional to the amount of rainfall in the year with an accuracy of seventy percent. It says that the trees were tabulated in groups of 10 or more, but a remarkable correspondence exists between individual trees of each group. It also says that double rings in the arid regions were found to be correlated with deficient winter snowfall, so that the tree had not enough water to continue forming its summer wood, and passed to forming autumn wood before the summer rains enabled it to start a fresh zone of wide elements.

This article focuses on study related to soviet psychological research. With the present dearth of published research in English on Soviet psychology and the fewness of those with the language competence and experience necessary for direct inspection of psychological material in the original Russian, it is not surprising, in view of the great interest of Americans in Soviet science since sputnik, to find the visitor to Soviet institutions of psychology regarded, on his return, as somehow endowed with special knowledge and insight. In consequence, the tourist in the Soviet psychological domain finds himself slipping into the inadvertent role of substitute for the scholar with results that sometimes are very much on the unfortunate side. Since very many of the research problems in biophysics, physiology, medicine, ophthalmology, etc., as the latter are understood in the Soviet Union, would be bracketed in the West as definitely within psychology or some hyphenated aspect of it, this meant consultation of both psychological and nonpsychological journals.

The article examines the academic science preparation of Idaho high school biology teachers for the 1964-65 school year. Table I presents a recapitulation of the undergraduate majors of Idaho biology teachers. Table II shows general preparation among biology majors and minors and non-majors and non-minors in all science areas. Table III lists some comparative data between teachers prepared in Idaho and those receiving their biology preparation from Utah institutions and those prepares in states other than Idaho or Utah. The descriptive areas of biology and college biology courses is being presented in table IV.

The article focuses on the teaching of intern program in biology and chemistry in order to curb the existing crisis in the recruitment of physics instructors in the smaller schools in the U.S. The main purpose of scheme is to increase the number of capable young educators who will make their careers in college teaching, then their internships must be on college campuses. These ideas were embodied in the proposal for the support of a teaching intern program by the Great Lakes Colleges Association.

The article evaluates the progress report of an experimental in-service institute in science for elementary school teachers in the U.S. As a result of scientific advances and the associated publicity, elementary schools throughout the country are becoming increasingly aware of the importance of science instruction. This has led to the increased emphasis on science in the elementary school curriculum. The lack of institutes in biology for elementary teachers reflects the widely held but questionable assumption that elementary teachers have had a high school and college course in biology they need no upgrading.

The article presents a comparative study on interests in biology by adolescents in the U.S. and Egypt. The topics on the questionnaire that was administered include plants, animals, human body, diseases, health and evolution and development of species. The study concluded that biology is an interesting subject for adolescents but the Egyptians had a higher interest in biology compared to Americans. The most interesting topic for Egyptian group were human body and evolution for the American group. The researcher found out that the two groups had shared little interests on the interrelationships of animals and plants. The results showed that culture played a vital role on the determination of adolescents interests.

The article focuses on the segment of science material that concerns on the marine environment in the U.S. The science contains a few selected principles and ideas in biology designed to create interest in biological field, more specifically in marine biology. It also provides an opportunity for direct observation and discovery. An instructional period will be used to link together all the material studied. The comprehension questions are designed to measure understanding of the concepts inherent in the material.

This article presents information on the education of science teachers in the U.S. The science educator accepts responsibility for the methodology of the profession. In these cases, the professional scientist and professional educator assume joint responsibility for the preparation of the science teacher for our public schools. The author explains that one of the very impressive hurdles to overcome in any institution of higher learning is that imaginary barrier fortified by long-time suspicion between the professional schools and the science departments. To be effective in science teacher education, the large University needs an active Committee on the preparation of science teachers. This Committee should draw its membership from all of the science departments and from the professional school. Modern philosophy of certification places more and more responsibility on the teacher training institution. Hence, the responsibilities of the Science and Education Committee become even more realistic. The article discusses the field of biology, and explain how the guidelines for this program have been used to improve teacher education in the sciences. The first guideline states that the program should include a thorough college level study of the aspects of the subject that are included in the high-school curriculum.

The article offers information about the program of summer institutes for science and mathematics teachers, organized by the National Science Foundation in the U.S. Fifty secondary school teachers participated in the course and its purpose is to present new ideas for experiments, projects and demonstrations. The course provided new concepts in the teaching of biological principles. The initiation of laboratory work conducted to group activity. The opening session of the class began with introductions, discussion of the organization of the course, assignments, grading, and a discussion of the philosophy of teaching biology.

The article examines the curriculum for the talented student in biology in the U.S. A curriculum for the talented student in biology is one that provides a variety of environments and learning experiences through which the student may explore his interests and be stimulated to capitalize on his native abilities. Talented students in biology require guidance and inspiration from well-trained, enthusiastic, dedicated biology teachers. The total curriculum for the talented biology student is one that is well-balanced in the humanities. The curriculum includes at least one year each of chemistry and physics, a minimum of three years of mathematics, some shop experience to acquire skills in the use of tools and machines, and training in mechanical drafting.

The article cites a study from the U.S. which sought to determine the backgrounds, characteristics and circumstances of scientists. The study aims to guide the selection and promote the recruitment of young persons into scientific work. The investigation involved the study of a group of sixty men who had earned doctoral degree in the biological and social sciences. The chief objective of this study was to determine what personal traits and background factors were to be found among biological scientists. The scientists studied gave no evidence of any characteristic personal peculiarities. They reported that they enjoyed social contacts.

The article discusses several problems concerning biology sciences in general education in the U.S. There are several issues which pose challenges to the curriculum worker including the type of science courses to be offered, laboratory works, discussion of biology courses by specialists or by an instructor, questions on imposing biology courses as part of requirements for a college degree, and inclusion of introductory biology course in college. The curriculum workers tried to solve these issues that continue to plague biology teachers as general education are being organized in colleges and universities.

The article focuses on the cooperative project by the National Association for Research in Science Teaching and the Office of Education, Science Education Research Studies, that summarizes seventy-three research studies in science education in the U.S. The status of general biology in the teacher education situations in public schools is investigated. The principal objectives of the course in biology were the development of an understanding of basic principles and understanding of the relationship of biology to life.

The article focuses on the identification of inheritance as a factor influencing achievement in science and other academic areas in the U.S. Determining the relative influence of hereditary and environmental factors affecting the development of and environmental factors in affecting the development of an organism has been a perennial problem. Twin and sibling studies have been prominent among the investigations related to this area. According to the author the study presented in this article does not differ materially in method or procedure from other studies previously cited.

The article discusses the biology requirements in the general education programs of some Midwestern colleges and universities in the U.S. Responses to questionnaires sent in 152 colleges and universities were studied. According to the study, biology was more commonly a required general education course in teachers colleges. All but one of the responding institutions had a science requirement, but the institutions requiring biology were in the minority. The required biology courses were usually six or more semester hours in liberal arts institutions, and five or six hours in teachers colleges. These courses were usually taken by freshmen or sophomores in two semesters or three quarters

The article focuses on a study, which determines the opinions of students concerning the relevance of topics they studied in survey courses in the natural sciences. Two lists of topics, one consisting of topics related to the biological sciences and the other, of topics related to the physical sciences, were used in the study. More than half of the teachers assessed that more than 70 percent of the terms in the lists for general science and biology as essential for inclusion in the glossaries of textbooks in these subjects. Whereas, only 3.02 percent of the general-science terms and 1.45 percent of the biology terms were judged undesirable by more than half of the teachers respectively of general science and biology. The diversity of opinion may have been due to the lack of proper perspective of teachers with respect to the course and the inability of students to differentiate between topics of relative importance and unimportance.

The article discusses the development of school nutrition education program in the U.S. Teaching of nutrition must have the basis of organization of all educational experiences. The needs of school children must be defined first so that they have a useable understanding of nutrition. The social area, the first area of teaching nutrition, has the individual and social importance of food. A suggested outline that consists elements which can be incorporated in whole or in part is introduced. The biological area, the second area of teaching nutrition, has elements which can be integrated as units, lessons or informally in biology. An outline is presented to further develop nutrition in order that it can become the focus about which most of biology course can resolve.

The article presents the significant concepts and beliefs in anthropology and biology for entering college freshmen and the implication to general scholastic aptitude of students in the U.S. The study determines the college freshmen's degree of mastery of some specific elementary and basic science concepts, the degree of prevalence of some misconceptions and unfounded beliefs hindering mastery, and the relationship between the acceptance of the correct and the rejection of the false concepts and beliefs and general intelligence.

The article presents a study that trace the appearance and nature of the outstanding biological generalizations through secondary school textbooks from 1800 to 1933 in the U.S. An analysis was made of the changes in conceptions held by several authors in chronological order. It evaluates the content of several textbooks which represents biological science that was taught in the secondary schools. The study was able to trace the changes in biological concepts that were being published. It

The article evaluates the method used to teach the beginning of new life in high schools in the U.S. According to the author placing biology in the tenth grade was purely according to the traditional high school science sequence. This teaching method enable students learned the reproduction of man, birth control, malformation, and care of the mother and the developing child. The author asserts that the emergence of new teaching methods call for new types of evaluation. A test on the application-of-principles was devised by the teacher and administered to give both pupils and teacher an idea as to how much real meaning had been taken on by some of the important principles studied in the unit.

The article presents information on a study which aims at providing information related to requirements, salaries, and possibility of employment in the field of biology to students interested in careers in the field of biology. All available literature was checked for information related to positions in the field of biology. It was determined to send a questionnaire to biology professors in universities and colleges in the United States. The questionnaire sought information concerning special training, the demand for workers in the field, the salaries paid beginners, and changes for promotion in the field of biology filled by students during the past five years. Several responses were gathered from professors in various colleges. Several professors sent literature related to the various phases of biology training. As per the study, the demand for high school biology teachers was the highest. The salaries had a considerable variation, ranging from $800 per year to $3,700 per year.

The article presents a study related to the problem of principles or matters which are to be included in the biological courses of secondary schools study. This study was made to decide the issues prominent in a federal government project and its relationship with the content of course in secondary school biology. The United States Biological Survey was taken as the basis for this study because it is one of the closely related activities to this field. The social structure of the United States is becoming complicated as well as highly organized. Three aspects need to be identified for ascertaining the aims to develop the principles to solve problems related with biology. They include scientific conceptions capable of modifying the thoughts of an individual, health and safety of the private and public life and principles, generalizations and hypotheses of science with respect to natural environment. The items of the study were taken from sources such as textbooks and courses of study.

The article discusses the status of science education in the U.S. In Public Schools the prestige of science is significantly low. The public Schools possess excellent science equipment and fine laboratories. The larger schools compete with each other to see which can acquire most (Oxford or Cambridge) Scholarships. The most important problem before American teachers is that of devising a system which will be more diversified than the present in regard to its sustainability for pupils of different mental calibre. Secondly, the enormous size of schools also raises a problem for teachers. The laboratory facilities for individual work are very meagre. Biology receives a greater attention in American schools. The teachers are graduates from Oxford and Cambridge universities. Their qualifications include either a brilliant academic record or a brilliant sports record. It is mandatory for them to have gone to a "public School" and possess a diploma in education

This article presents information on a study that was undertaken to determine to what extent, the general science pupils were more interested in science than those having had biology and to what extent, they were better trained in science as indicated by the results of their work in physics and chemistry. For this study the data are limited for the most part to those students who graduated from the West High School in six graduating classes. The number of students considered in the major part of the study is 938. Graduates of the West High School were selected for the study because there were no serious racial or environmental differences in students coming from either the grammar schools or the junior high schools. The article further informs that as a rule no student is allowed to take physics or chemistry until he has completed a year's work in plane geometry or its assumed equivalent in the case of commercial students. The article concludes that in view of the above facts it seems fair to assume that any gain in the study of the physics and chemistry as a result of general science versus biology is due to the development of certain desirable attitudes, method of study, and interest rather than as a direct result of memorized and duplicated material.

The article presents the background characteristics of the students enrolled in college physical science courses in the U.S. Examination reveals that physics science student were of great interest in the areas of social sciences, physical sciences, biology, and they were less interested in mathematics. Attitudes of students toward science were determined by the Scientific Attitude Inventory and by ten cluster scores of a semantic differential test and were used as criterion instruments. The areas of interests of students includes career plans, previous science training, and college status.

The article talks about a survey regarding the support for plant science research and teaching strength in American universities in 1965-1975. Responses to questionnaires sent by K. V. Thimann, the plant sciences study committee chairman, to established educators and plant science research staff showed a commitment to advanced level research and teaching. The distribution of research support among interest groups and the need for increased research support and science equipment and facilities are discussed.

The article offers news briefs on biology. The name of the Institute of Molecular Evolution at the University of Miami was changed to the Institute for Molecular and Cellular Evolution. S. David Webb, associate curator of fossil vertebrates with Florida State Museum, has received an award from the Simon Guggenheim Foundation. A sea grant of $250,000 was given to the State University System of Florida for marine-related research and advisory services.

Science is presently enduring a Federal cutback in monetary support. In addition to Congress, the American public has lost some of its enthusiasm for scientific research. This change in the public attitude is not entirely due to economic reasons. It is the result of a severe upheaval in many of the basic issues of society. Science must respond to the public challenge that it become involved in the issue of man's survival. In meeting this challenge, science must never abandon discipline or methodology. However, it can demonstrate its committment to the "new realities" by promoting interdisciplinary involve- ment and helping to relate modern biology to the problems Of modern society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information on the analysis of basic ecological research in the U.S. from 1966-1967. The analyses were based on an examination of approximately 50,000 Notices of Research Projects for the life sciences filed with the Science Information Exchange of the Smithsonian Institution in December 1966. According to the article, a study group was charged to evaluate the state of the science of biometeorology and to make recommendations concerning its future. Moreover, analyses according to level of biological organization, by granting agencies and geography, and of environmental variables under study are discussed.

This article focuses on a study of American women. These few paragraphs of the study of women are considered as merely one half of the human race. They are that half of the human race about which least is known: No one knows what, if any, contribution they will make to the solving of the life and death problems which the whole human race is facing. No one, least of all women themselves, knows whether there is any distinctive characteristic in the contribution of women to society today or tomorrow because the contribution of women has not yet been made to the only problems worth considering in a time of crisis. The problems of humanity are mass problems, concerned with great areas of life and the author knows that they cannot be solved piecemeal, but must be tackled on a planetary stage. Women's responsibilities, beyond their biological functioning, are as yet unformed, either by women themselves or by social scientists. When a nation is at war, new moods of economy change habits and outlook on the worth of even small things.

The article discusses the author's perspectives on the teaching of biological evolution at the public schools in the U.S. He points that the principle of biological evolution meets the criteria in science exceptionally well. He adds that it rests on a multiple of discoveries of different kinds that concur and complement one another. Among the evidences presented include the fossil records of previous existing life, careful comparisons of the structure of the living things, and comparisons of their inner workings and their behavior.

Presents a study on children with focal scleroderma at the Children's Hospital of Los Angeles in California. Comparison of the findings with those in normal children of the same age and sex distribution; Number of patients who had positive tests for rheumatoid factor (RF); Principal role of RF in general biology.

The article discusses a bibliography for a seminar on evolution. Colleges and universities in the U.S. teach evolution as a seminar course. Since the field is broad, journals and other papers have appeared with discussions and other necessary data useful to students and instructors alike. Leading evolutionary biologists in America have been welcomed to participate with the recent papers. The contributors include Dean Amadon of he American Musesum of Natural History, George W. Beadle of the California, Alan A. Boyden of Rutgers University, Bayard H. Brattstrom of Adelphi College and others.

The article offers news briefs related to biotechnology in the United States. Rene Dubos gave the B. Y. Morrison Memorial Lecture for 1972 at the AAAS meeting in Washington D.C. An Institute for Environmental Studies has been established at the University of Illinois. A cancer research program will be established at the Weizman Institute of Science in Israel.

The article discusses the paper from the Commission on Undergraduate Education in the Biological Sciences (CUEBS) Symposium held in the U.S. The paper focuses on the relationship between research participation and good teaching. The publication of CUEBS, "Biology for the Non-Major," has raised questions about the structure of a biology course intended for the nonmajor. It cites that the replies on the questions have been edited into a book to present several perceptions represented in the letters of respondents. The author also stresses that the same technique was applied to address the problem of the assumed relationship that exists between research participation and good teaching.

The article focuses on the promotion of fruit abscission with abscisic acid in the U.S. It notes that diffusates from fruits and senescent leaves are rich sources of abscission accelerating substances. The abscisic acid effect on abcission was assessed on detached fruits, representing various stages of fruit development. The study shows that abscisic acid promoted the abscission of detached fruits by 30-70% as indexed by fruit removal force. This acid tends to enhance the rate of cellular changes associated with layer development.

The article discusses the role of higher education in changing the U.S. society. The author cites that the central problem of higher education is how to bring up new generations, fit to live as individuals and as citizens. He appreciated the role of science in the framework of a stable democratic society and how this society can be adapted to the rapid changes in style, circumstances, accomplishments, and dangers of life as science changes and shapes it. In addition, the integration of general education is considered important for wider teaching of physics, chemistry, biology and anthropology on all levels.

The article presents a note regarding the possible scientific value of further nuclear explosions, presented to the Academy of Sciences at the meeting of January 11, 1960. It investigates if explosions of the same types could provide supplementary information, which could contribute to the solution of various scientific problems. Investigations revealed that nuclear explosions in their usual form does not seem to have sufficient value from the point of view of fundamental research in the fields of physics, biology, and chemistry. Further nuclear explosions in the atmosphere at low or medium altitudes will doubtless contribute nothing to the progress of science.

The article reports on the test program conducted by the United States which included experiments contributing to the thermonuclear weapons research. It cites the joint news release by the Defense Department and the Atomic Energy Commission which stated that the information on several projects in biology, medicine, and radiobiology will be declassified and provided to appropriate agencies of the government when the results have been analyzed and evaluated. The tests also include a study on the measurement of blast and thermal effects on structures, aircraft, and various other items.

The article offers news briefs related to biology. Basic pfysics will need about $1.24 billion by 1969 according to a study conducted by the Committee on Science and Public Policy (COSUP). A marine experiment station has been established within the Graduate School of Oceanography at the University of Rhode Island. There are new officers of the Animal Disease Research Workers in the Southern States, including Glenn C. Holm, Everett D. Besch, and W. Malcolm Reid.