Search

The article offers various United Nations atomic energy news. The United Nations Atomic Energy Commission met on September 10 and 11, 1947 and adopted the second report to the Security Council. The nations who voted in favor of the report are Australia, France, United States, Brazil, Canada, and China. Russia rejected the report, and Poland abstained. The proposals submitted by Russia involves the investigation of mining and production facilities and accounting of atomic materials, and the conduct of investigations in case of violation of the weapons ban.

The article offers information regarding the declaration of war between United States and Russia in 1917, and the way diplomats and influential people of the U.S. faced the situation. It states that the U.S. President Woodrow Wilson had a talk with his friend and industrialist Charles Crane on the diplomatic relations between the U.S. and Russia. It mentions that Wilson wanted Crane to represent the country on international front, but Crane declined and the post gradually went to George T. Marye of San Francisco.

This article highlights and presents papers on reviewed subjects from the conference on forest protection, held on November 30-December 02, 1971 in Moscow. It was one of the broadest conferences in this field in the Soviet Union till that time. Its general theme was application of new chemical and biological control methods in combating forest pests and diseases. The abstracts of the reports presented at the conference were published in three volumes. In one section of the conference topical problems of forest pathology were treated.

The article discusses the 1903 pogrom in Kishinev, Russia. The pogrom is an example of how American public opinion, led by the Jewish community, forced U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt to take a more anti-Russian position. Several events involving Jews in Russia happened before the pogrom in April 1903. The pogrom brought Roosevelt and U.S. Secretary of State John Hay under fire from the Jewish community. It shaped and unified American public opinion as had few earlier issues. From mid-June 1903, Roosevelt and Hay became involved in the issue of the pogrom in particular and Russian anti-Semitism in general.

This paper has a threefold purpose: (a) to examine the concepts employed by Russian statisticians in computing labor productivity; (b) to indicate the trend of labor productivity in Russian industry (including manufacturing and mining) since the inception of the five-year plans; and (c) through study of productivity changes in an illustrative industry, coal mining, to point up the problems involved in dealing with Russian productivity statistics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents comments on social thinker, Vatro Murvar's paper "Messianism in Russia: Religious and Revolutionary." Murvar does nor give us a formal definition of messianism, but in the course of his analysis he nonetheless provides a clear delimitation of the term. Briefly, what he means by messianism is a social movement which exhibits certain doctrinal traits namely (a) millennialism, (b) twain cosmogony with a corresponding division of humanity into the children of light and darkness, and (c) collectivism and/or monism. Murvar proposes, and proceeds to demonstrate that the two sets of Russian messianism-religious and revolutionary-have many similar, if not identical, characteristics. The religious-revolutionary dichotomy should therefore be replaced by the old religious-secular one and revolutionism or politics should be recognized as a separate dimension. A division of millenarian movements into religious and revolutionary (political) categories generates an analysis which obfuscates on the conceptual level the potential presence of political elements in religious movements. Conversely, the distinction also obfuscates the presence of religious elements in revolutionary messianisms.

The article narrates the author's visit in Russia and some series of events including the paper that the author is scheduled to present in the First Congress of the International Federation on Automatic Control to be held in Moscow on June 27 to July 6, 1960, the author's application for a 60-day tour permission in Intourist, the visit in several Russian cities, the 40-day trip by boat to Odessa, the series of kilometer-drive to the city of Kiev, Kharkov, Yalta, Simferopol, Melipotol, Zaporoshe, Kursk, Orjel, Moscow, Kalinin, Novgorod and Leningrad.

The paper describes a method for determining the time of formation of oil and gas accumulations on the basis of the number of epigenetic minerals contained in granular reservoir rocks. The beginning of the accumulation is established by comparing the epigenesis state in the oil- or gas-bearing crest areas of the trap with the water-bearing part of the reservoir at different depths of the geological section. This takes into account that the epigenetic processes tend to intensify with depth and to slow down after the rocks become filled with hydrocarbons. The time of accumulation completion is found by comparing the degree of epigenetic alteration of the oil- and gas-bearing reservoirs with the water-bearing reservoirs occurring at the oil (gas)-water interface in the trap. The greater the differences, the older is the age of the pool completion. Lack of a difference indicates a youthful pool completion. In this paper, the ratio of detrital to authigenic titanium minerals, the quantity of regenerated quartz grains, and the pelitization of feldspars have been used. The application of this method is exemplified by oil deposits occurring in the productive Valangien and Hauterive beds (Lower Cretaceous) of the Ust-Balyk and Megion fields of western Siberia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the course of Russia's wheat exports and suggests that the slower growth during the 1880s and 1890s marked a turning point when, under the impact of foreign competition and changes in demand for particular qualities of wheat, a new pattern of trade emerged. In this period Russian exporters developed new markets, and it was the further growth of these markets after 1900 which accounted for most of the rapid increase of exports thereafter. It is also suggested that the poverty of the Russian market and the agrarian system within which the farmer was producing prevented any widespread diversification despite the acute distress caused by the low world prices, and that
1 I am grateful to several of my colleagues, and particularly to Professor F. J. Fisher, for helpful comments and suggestions on an earlier draft of this paper.
2 The data for this chart are from the sources used in Table 3, below.
3 The period 1910-13 when exports again declined is too short to determine whether a new trend had emerged. Harvest fluctuations considerably affected the exportable surplus and the Balkan Wars interfered with trade, especially in the Sea of Azov where Greek shipping usually carried the bulk of grain exports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The field of management science has reached a stage of development where it can profit from the enriched collection of empirical information currently available about factory problems. This information can be useful in the process of constructing a unified theory of management science. It can also be useful by showing to what extent rational models need to be elaborated for an optimum result in applications. The paper shows that rational models intersect in a fundamental way with the value logics of the people affected. The result is that restraints and restrictions arise; these must be taken into account in developing rational techniques for factory activity. Rational techniques, in essence, should supply a framework within which the value logics of the various groups involved can come to equilibrium. A particular technique with this property is the technique of job evaluation. Within the rational base of a job evaluation system, there exist abundant possibilities for the expression of value logics. A particularly revealing example is the existence of the so-called halo effect; this effect can profitably be exploited for making needed local adjustments, always, of course, with the rational base as framework. In summary, the Russian factory system is shown to exhibit similar characteristics. Rational techniques there too are constantly interacting with the value logics of the groups affected. This contradicts the original view that the factory system could be run exclusively by rational means. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses work in the field of linear programming. The author attempts to give American readers an idea of the kind of work being done in the field of rational planning in Russia. Specific examples are given, through which the author hopes to convey the types of interpretation that Russians have made of abstract mathematics. The author has made a number of contributions in the field of pure mathematics and also to the theory of functional analysis. Also noted are the author's contributions to applied mathematics in numerical analysis and in the theory and practice of computation.

This paper deals with a change in self-definition among a group of Siberian Eskimo. Such a change, which has begun over the last generation,may be traced to a concomitant series of conditions which has affected the group. In the years between 1940 and 1955 the Eskimo people living in the small Bering Sea coastal village of Gambell have come into intensive contact of both a personal and impersonal nature with the white world; they have been given opportunities for jobs and new forms of satisfaction of basic wants; they have been subjected to many "stressor agents" of different types; and they have continued to observe and draw reasoned conclusions about conditions which affect their lives. These factors have combined to bring about a change in the function of the mainland with reference to themselves. The mainland no longer supplies only material goods; it now also supplies basic criteria of choice and models for the identification of self. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to explore the usefulness of Weber's city typology in relation to the Russian urban experience and to attempt to locate the Russian city within Weber's celebrated Oriental-Occidental dichotomy. The failure of various intellectual and revolutionary groups before and in 1917 to liberalize a traditionalistic societal system is correlated to the absence of a middle class in the Russian cultural context. Kiev, Novgorod, and Pskov existed long before the Mongol conquest of Russia in the thirteenth century and were exposed to certain Western influences due to the political connections with the neighboring Western countries. Unknown before the Mongols arrived, Moskva "still in the nineteenth century before the liberation of the peasants from slavery retained all the characteristics of a great Oriental city of about the time of Diocletian of the second century A.D." In addition to being the seat of the patrimonial ruler, Moskva was a "locality where rents from possessions in land and slaves as well as income from office holding were spent." Elsewhere Weber said that the cities in Russia "never arrived at freedom in the Western sense. Everywhere the military, judicial, and industrial authority was taken from the cities." This act of taking away autonomous-autocephalous authority is probably Weber's reference to the total destruction of Novgorod and Pskov by the Russian rulers as soon as they emerged from the shadow of Mongol dependence as well as to the Russian colonial conquest of the non-Russian cities and countries in the more recent centuries including the twentieth. Seven major characteristics basic to Weber's Oriental vs. Occidental typology of urban behavior, as tentatively modified in view of the needs and the contribution of recent research, will be utilized in examining the Russian experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the futurist movement in Russia. The futurist movement was led by people in art who scarcely understood politics and was sometimes also painted with the colours of anarchy. Alongside people of the future went those trying to look young, screening their aesthetic putrefaction with the left flag. Joining the futurist group were the first production-futurists and the constructivists. In order to propagate the ideas of the futurists by agitation, the paper "Art of the Commune" and a tour of factories and workshops were organised.

This is an attempt to portray some of the more important currents of thought and personalities associated with the progress of geography in pre-Soviet Russia, with the chief aims of 1) indicating some of the roots of present Soviet geographical thinking, and 2) placing the Russian contribution as an integral yet distinctive part of the developments in world geography before 1920. The main part of the paper is organized chronologically and appraises the life arid work of the more significant geographers of each period, their impact on the character of the subject, and their relation to their historical and intellectual milieu Finally, the nature and extent of the carry-over to the Soviet period is suggested. The recent intense methodological debate is seen as, in good measure, inspired by the work of the pre-Revolutionary scholars, and by the awareness of a broken heritage. In conclusion, some continuities of thought in Russian geography, then and now, are postulated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]