Roosevelt, Russian Persecution of Jews, and American Public Opinion.

The article discusses the 1903 pogrom in Kishinev, Russia. The pogrom is an example of how American public opinion, led by the Jewish community, forced U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt to take a more anti-Russian position. Several events involving Jews in Russia happened before the pogrom in April 1903. The pogrom brought Roosevelt and U.S. Secretary of State John Hay under fire from the Jewish community. It shaped and unified American public opinion as had few earlier issues. From mid-June 1903, Roosevelt and Hay became involved in the issue of the pogrom in particular and Russian anti-Semitism in general.