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The article discusses the use of tests to improve teaching. Several reasons commonly given by teachers for administering tests include determining faulty learning and poor teaching, stimulating the students and providing a basis for the monthly grades. The article several reasons why tests should be administered frequently. Several features of a well-balanced testing program include a combination of short-answer and essay-type items. Furthermore, the article discusses the results of studies of classes of high school science at the universities of Michigan and Minnesota, designed to determine which of the four common practices in evaluating tests was most effective for teaching purposes.

The article reports on the implications of the efforts taken by John Madigan, a teacher at the Saint Thomas College in Saint Paul, Minnesota on marking the examination of papers of his pupils with odoriferous chemicals. Madigan's efforts have showed an astonishing 30 percent improvement in grades. He has scented examination papers which are satisfactory with attar of roses and those that are not so good with hydrogen sulfide and failures with butyric acid. He has also checked students' tardiness.

The article focuses on an increase in the inclusion of world news in college newspapers. The front page of the papers are loaded with news from across the globe leaving no space to include the news of college and campus affairs. According to Fred L. Kildow, director of the Associated Collegiate Press, and professor in the journalism department of the University of Minnesota, students are more concerned about the world outside than the issues on government, politics, war, and labor.

The article presents a news brief related to research at the University of Minnesota Industrial Relations Center in Minnesota, as of July 1, 1972. The research of faculty members Mahmood Zaidi and Mario Bognanno is highlighted. Topics of research at the institute include labor unions, organizational behavior, and personnel management.

The article presents proceedings of the Annual meeting of the Phycological Society of America at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, held between August 27-September 1, 1972. All sessions of the program at which contributed papers are presented were joint sessions of the Phycological Society of America and the Phycological Section of the Botanical Society of America. Various research papers were presented at the annual meeting. Section one was on Nuisance Algae and Bloom Phenomena. Section two was on Physiology and Biochemistry.

The article presents a study on the increasing interest of readers in foreign news by increasing content of foreign news in the mass media in the U.S. It states that the content of foreign news on newspapers are small in general due to the belief of editors that average citizen has little interest in other countries. It states that a field experiment was administered at the University of Minnesota to test the theory that an emphasis on foreign affairs in the media will stimulate interest in international news, and students were asked to be participants in a newspaper performance survey and were assigned to three groups. The newspapers "The Christian Science Monitor" and "Milwaukee Journal" were used. The results do not support the hypothesis on the importance of foreign news.

This paper analyzes Minnesota FAIR Plan and Excess Rate Plan rates according to the types of properties insured, the extra charges and surcharges paid, and the effect of occupancy and environmental factors. The evidence suggests the FAIR Plan rates may vastly underestimate internal hazards. The difference in the average FAIR surcharge of 65 percent compared with that of the ER Plan of 131 percent is probably too great to be explained by internal hazard differentials. Assuming preliminary national data are correct and the objective of FAIR plans is solely to remove environmental hazards as an underwriting deterrent and spread their cost, FAIR Plan rates should be increased to the extent necessary to meet internal hazard costs and the rate inadequacy attributable to environmental hazards should be spread to other insureds or to taxpayers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A conference paper that discusses the results of a research study conducted to compare the accuracy of using clinical versus roentgenolic methods for the diagnosis of dental caries is presented. The paper was read at the 16th General Meeting of the International Association for Dental Research (IADR) held in Minneapolis, Minnesota from March 12-13, 1938.

In recent years, there has been a proliferation of voluntary citizens' patrols in the urban areas. This paper focuses on a citizens' patrol of the relatively enduring type: the Indian Patrol of Minneapolis, Minnesota, which was sponsored by the American Indian Movement (AIM). The material presented here is drawn from a field study which was conducted between January 1969 and June 1970. Patrols were observed by the author on twenty evenings. In addition, the research included a survey of a selected sample of 40 AIM members and a survey of a random sample of 44 residents of the neighborhood served by the Indian Patrol. The results of the neighborhood survey support the notion that the Indian Patrol in the East Franklin Avenue neighborhood functioned primarily as a means by which a particular ideology could be demonstrated by one group and perceived by another. Although almost half of the residents interviewed had heard about the Indian Patrol, very few had ever seen it; even fewer had any personal experience with it. None seemed to know how to get in touch with the patrol in time of need.

The article focuses on the data of the Test of Understanding in College Economics (TUCE). The purpose of this paper is to present additional data on the TUCE, primarily with regard to its validity as an experimental testing instrument and as to its construct design. Primary data for this paper were obtained from an experimental research study dealing with critical thinking skills in the introductory course undertaken at the University of Minnesota in 1969. It provides evidences which suggest that the TUCE is a discriminating measure of performance in the principles of economics. It also indicates that the TUCE effectively discriminates performance of varying ability levels. Furthermore, the data indicate that those who scored highest on the pretest were approximately the same ones who scored highest on the post-test. The results from this study indicate that the TUCE is effective in discriminating between "good" and "poor" students in economics. The TUCE also incorporates prior ability and critical thinking skills while also effectively discriminating on other knowledge.

Farm family fertility in five areas selected on the basis of nationality and religion has shown a differential decline in the period from 1875 to 1940. In this paper no effort was made to explain the over-all decline in farm family fertility. German Lutherans showed the greatest decline, namely 65 per cent, followed by the Norwegian's 58 per cent and the German Catholic's 40 per cent. Nationality coupled with religion are obviously factors explaining some of this differential decline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses marketing of agricultural lands in Minnesota and North Dakota. It is the purpose of this paper to review, as briefly as possible and yet considering the more important forms, the methods of transferring land in the Red River Valley of the North, which lies in Minnesota and North Dakota. This area had long been a favorite field for fur-traders, explorers, missionaries, and adventurers. Incoming farmers now rapidly displaced the half-breed Indians who had been the chief occupants, and at this point came the first step in the transition of the land from free to economic goods. Within a few years the title to almost every available acre had passed over to the national government. Methods of transferring landed property in densely populated centers have been considered to some extent, including the significance of building and loan associations and other institutions of like nature or having like purposes in view; but it would seem as if less attention had been given, at least in the U.S., country to a consideration of methods of transferring agricultural lands than to any other phase of the land question.

The article reports proportionate increase in students planning to attend college was off-set by a decrease in the proportion planning to get jobs immediately after graduation. In 1950, 30 per cent of the boys planned to seek employment whereas 11 years later only 15 per cent had such plans, a reduction of 50 per cent. The decline for girls with this plan was not quite so great, and the proportion of the total group decreased one-third, from 86 to 24 per cent. High school seniors over the past decade reflect many social and attitudinal changes. Hot and cold wars, rockets and space travel, computers and automation, and a changing economy and labor market have all influenced the attitudes of young and old toward social problems and personal decisions. Throughout this era, in both public and private thought and action, education-particularly advanced and post-secondary education-has received unprecedented emphasis. This paper is concerned with the plans of students in one state, Minnesota, to partake of higher education. The increase in college plans was proportionately greater among the boys than among the girls, although the proportion of girls planning to attend college did increase from 84 to 87 per cent. The increase also was proportionately greater among students coming from metropolitan areas than from other areas, and smallest for students coming from towns and small cities.

The article focuses on the family strategy in middle class suburbia. The middle class family has a set of responsibilities that may or may not be shared with families from other social classes. Like the others, it is concerned with broad aspects of education; but uniquely, it strives to inculcate a sense of responsibility and worth in the individual members, habits of work and the peculiarly identifiable middle class attitude towards work. It strives to develop an ability to control one's own world, and one's self. In a society characterized by change and social mobility, the individual performer has a critical problem of identity. The family must work out programs for the relief of these tensions; unless this is done, the family is failing to present its members adequately to society. This paper reports on a small study done in a middle class suburb of Saint Paul, Minnesota, in the fall of 1962. The survey was proposed at PTA meeting after a stand-up comedy routine on parental-child conflicts.

A study was conducted in 1967 to determine the effect of the Minnesota Dairy Industry Unfair Trade Practices Act on the conduct and performance of selected Minnesota fluid milk market. In this paper, the results are presented to illustrate this effect and its implications for the administration, interpretation and enactment of unfair trade practice laws. It was concluded from the study that the law discourages competition or encourages cooperation among firms in oligopolistically competitive markets which results in less than desirable market performance. This paper suggests that there is a need for further investigation into the effect of unfair trade practice laws. Given the limited scope of the 1967 study, the implications are presented only as testable hypotheses.

This paper reports one aspect of the Nobles County, Minnesota Mental Health Survey which has been underway since 1949. The general investigation had three main aims: (1) to undertake a study of the prediction of adjustment over time, (2) secure age data on personality and adjustment measures, and (3) develop screening instruments for locating children and adolescents in need of special attention. The first of these aims, the prediction of adjustment, is reported on here. The predictions cover a four year period and the results reported are for the men in the sample. The problems of the present prediction study can be reduced to (1) the development of predictors, (2) the development of criteria, and (3) the relation of predictors to criteria.

Data from a study of college aspirations among 40,000 Minnesota adolescents indicate that the relationship of family size to aspirations is somewhat higher among Protestants than Catholics. Overall aspirational differences between religious groups are minor. Further analysis suggests that these differences are probably not a function of financial capacities but rather of more basic socialization practices. The data are used to illustrate an alternative approach in analyzing the relevance of religion to contemporary society: examining processual differences between religious groups rather than concentrating only on outcomes—such as net differences in aspirations. The paper concludes by speculating that social process may be critical in distinguishing Protestants from Catholics but has generally been neglected in contemporary research on religion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]