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This article focuses on the international relations between various countries. The Axis-Japan pact has been called everything from a bluff to the blueprint of a new totalitarian world order. In fact it is a typical Nazi maneuver, and so it combines some elements of both. But Hitler has always used failure as a stepping-stone for new advances, and while it is legitimate to take satisfaction at the stubborn courage which has ended the hope of an autumn invasion of England, wise observers will not discount the importance of Hitler's grandiose substitute scheme. The pact with Japan has been treated, of course, as a resounding diplomatic triumph, and no doubt it will be accepted as such by the bemused masses of Germany and Italy.

Presents socio-political and economic news from the world. Report that the visit of French Premier Pierre Laval to Berlin, Germany, was important because it symbolized the desideratum of European recovery and stability--Franco-German rapprochement; Report that the Scandinavian countries which have followed Great Britain off the gold standard have done so primarily because they were in a similar situation; Report that the principal loss which Great Britain suffers as a result of the abandonment of the gold standard arises, not from the fall, but from the fluctuation in the exchange value of the pound; Efforts to bring peace and conciliation between Japan and China in the wake of the war in Manchuria, China; Cancellation of the biennial meeting of the Institute of Pacific Relations due to the Manchurian episode; Profiles U.S. educator and ichthyologist, David Starr Jordan; Speculation on Indian leader Mahatma Gandhi's visit to Lancashire, England; Report that for many weeks, the civil authorities of Harlan, Kentucky, who are openly allied with the coals mine owners against the striking miners, have exercised a press censorship; Economic situation of Detroit, Michigan and its consequences on public; Criticism of Governor of California for putting the district attorney Charles M. Fickert, on the state pay roll; Criticism of the cutting of trees in the U.S. for constructions on land.

Presents letters to the editors referencing various articles and topics published in the previous issues of the journal. International law seems to have arisen between England and Germany; Comment on the article "An American of December 14 issue; Jest in Heinrich Heine's 'Reisebilder.'

Discusses the political developments that have taken place in Europe. Focus on the capitulation of England in the Anglo-German war; Role of France in the victory of Germany over Czechoslovakia; Demand of German Chancellor Adolf Hitler to create a Nazi state within Czechoslovakia for the German minority living there; Speculation of the spread of Nazism in Hungary and Rumania; Role of England in helping to create Nazi hegemony in Europe; Speculation of Fascist takeover of Europe, Asia and Africa.

This article focuses on the social developments in various parts of the world. Although the German universities are not as yet formally open to women, nevertheless in several of them women are and have been for some time admitted to many of the courses of lectures. This is especially the case at Leipzig, but at Heidelberg, too, at Freiburg, and quite recently at Berlin, women have been permitted to pass the portals so Tong sacred to the male sex. In view of the proposed inquiry by a committee of the House of Commons into the Irish land laws, a sketch of the past legislation on this subject may be of interest. The reason for exceptional legislation in Ireland rested chiefly on the essential difference between the landlord and tenant systems in England and in Ireland.

The article focuses on world politics. In his message to U.S. Congress and to the country on Monday, American President Thomas Woodrow Wilson laid upon himself the same restraint and the same rules of prudence that have marked his attitude towards Germany from the first day until now. There are phrases in British Prime Minister Lloyd George's speech before the House of Commons which would seem to take the submarine war as seriously as the Germans profess to regard it. If Lloyd George in one place speaks of tonnage as essential to the life of England, he uses in another place the significant expression, "A shortage of tonnage required for the general needs of the nation, and even a slight shortage in the tonnage for military purposes."

The editor, in this article, discusses about various international issues. In connection with the bill to pay the militia of the U.S. out of the Federal Treasury, under certain conditions, the charge was freely made that great pressure was put upon the U.S. Congressmen by the militia of their districts. That such organized lobbying on a great scale is active in connection with every pension bill, is notorious. Although British Prime Minster Winston Churchill's speech, introducing in the House supplementary naval estimates, will temporarily increase the military tension between Germany and England, the forces making for friendlier relations between those countries should not be overlooked The appointment of Baron Marschall von Bieberstein to the London Embassy, in the interest of a better understanding between England and Germany, has already had one good result. Sensible men in both countries are beginning to ask whether it is not time to put a stop to the output of inflammatory pamphlets and heated rejoinders that has done so much to disturb British and German statesmen sincerely desirous of preserving amicable relations.

The article offers information on various issues around the world as of January 1920. It states that Germany will abolish all nobility titles little by little. It says that an earthquake happened in California and a book of poetry by the Poet Laureate is launched. It mentions that the Liverpool and District Federation of Brotherhoods and Sisterhoods in England declare their worry on the maintenance of the usual English Sabbath.

This article focuses on the changed moral atmosphere in England. There is less pro-German feeling than there was last year. Whether there is less anti-French feeling is another matter. Anti-French feeling seems to be permanent in England, although it is more or less at the surface at different times. No doubt, however, the English have a natural difficulty in understanding the French; and perhaps the French have an equal difficulty in understanding the English, although there is no widespread anti-English feeling in France, or at any rate it is not so fundamental as anti-French feeling in England seems to be. The excuse often given in England for anti-French feeling is that French policy since the war is to a great extent responsible for the existence of Nazi Germany

Discusses the speculations about Germany's progress during the World War II. Prediction of an imminent German invasion of England by the press; Reports from Paris, London and Berlin that a German invasion on Holland was imminent; Preparation German Chancellor Adolf Hitler in attacking Russia and conquer Ukraine for a passage to Baku; Possibility of Russia's help to Germany against England. Plans of Germany to subdue France and Spain.

The article focuses on German war strategy to invade England. There were plenty of army in Alsace-Lorraine and occupied the Belgium and French Channel ports, the bases of the British expeditionary force, as far as Boulogne or better still Abbéville. Germans took no account of sea power. It describes the England's position from the viewpoint of defense. Her situation as an island just off the Atlantic coast of Europe enables her to keep an eye on English Channel and the North Sea, it gives her a military security enjoyed by no other country of Europe. Her possession of a big merchant fleet and a navy is superior to all others.

The action taken by the Czechs, the French, and the British had the cumulative effect of staying Hitler's hand. But there are still two possibilities to be feared. One is that Germany may become convinced that the action of the three democratic powers on that day was after all only a colossal bluff, and that next time it must be called. The other is that Hitler, even if he is convinced that England and France are in dead earnest, may still invade Czechoslovakia and take the risk of a general war, especially if he has reason to believe that Italy will be on his side.

This section offers business-related news briefs from around the world. The participation of U.S. President Franklin Roosevelt in the Inter-American Conference is an indication of the start of a planned program of leadership in world business recovery. Germany is concerned over international reaction to its pact with Japan, keeping a close watch on Great Britain which is said to be affected by the new accord. England's business activity index for October 1936 was 8.5 percent higher than in the same month in 1935.

Explains that road-making is a constant and urgent necessity in the belligerent countries of Germany, England, and France in the midst of the First World War. Riveting of the banks on both sides; Widening of the roads; Streams of loaded wagons, lorries, heavy guns, and field kitchens going eastward; Clusters of Nisson huts made to pattern; German prisoners at work in gangs; Railways and permanent way tracks; Need for the rail lines to uninterruptedly feed the long battlefront and the advanced bases.

Presents letters to the editors commenting on articles published in the periodical. Criticism against the periodical for its alleged easy tolerance of Germany's actions which will inevitably inspire shallow opportunism; Claim that the periodical's editorial, entitled "War at Any Price," is an example of essential unfairness since it demanded that the Allies and Germany define their aims with a view to a prompt peace, which in turn ignored the fact that Germany can readily define its aims, which are military and commercial; Reasons why England and democracy cannot be synonymous.

Presents several letters to the editor regarding several previously published articles and various socio-political developments. Information regarding the aim of the meeting of the New England Association of Teachers of English held at Springfield, England; Information regarding author Abraham Flexner's clarifying remarks about his book, "The American College"; Information regarding the five hundredth anniversary of the University of Leipzig, to be held during August 1909.

This article presents information related to socio-politics. Maryland Democrats are determined to disfranchise every Afro-American in that State, according to dispatches from Annapolis. The Hague Tribunal has granted the blockading Powers — Germany, England. and Italy — exclusive rights to the 30 percent of Venezuelan customs set aside by peace protocols of February 1903. At first blush the decision is a disappointment. It seems to encourage the collection of debts by squadrons. It gives the three Powers that blustered a privileged position, while it makes the Powers with claims as good wait till the quarrelsome creditors are paid.

From everyone the author have talked to in London, no matter what his political opinions, he get the impression that England has been losing her nerve. Many Americans "fear Germany" but they have no conception of the immediacy of that fear as the Englishman feels it, nor do they, as he does, contemplate the possibility of actual conquest in the near future. England has lost the old sense that she is invincible. She had been losing it bit by bit for several years and the collapse of sanctions was the final blow, not only to pride but to self-confidence as well. And the most significant fact is that her people are united in their humiliation it in nothing else.

Presents a letter to Irish Prime Minister Eamon DeValera from an Irish catholic living in the U.S. that centers on the efforts of England in its war against Nazi Germany and the desired role of Ireland as a companion of England. Appreciation of England for her efforts against Germany for the cause of defeated countries; Essence of Irish freedom to persevere after years of struggle against England; Consequences in terms of extinction of Christianity and destruction of Europe following probable German victory in the Second World War.

The article presents information on the German garment companies which have relocated to England, and reports that the Germany had imposed conditions on raw material and machinery purchases on these companies to allow them to open foreign branches.

The article reports on the responses of several European countries regarding the announcement of four-power conference in October 1938. It mentions about the expected dislocation of normal human and business activity in England from increased costs, public resentment, and threat of war like situation. As stated, Germany is preserving food, raw materials and finance against blockade. Further it discusses the weak business condition of France with expected emergency situation in the nation.

In an article in the current journal "Political Science Quarterly," Professor Munroe Smith criticizes certain views developed by State Department in its correspondence with the British and German Governments as to the position in international law of the right of retaliation. In as much as people are at this moment on the verge of war with the latter of these governments on account of action for which vindication must be sought, if at all, in the right of retaliation, it will be seen at once that the subject is one of great practical, as well as theoretical, interest. In its second Lusitania note State Department declared that "a belligerent act of retaliation is per se beyond the law, and the defense of an act as retaliatory is an admission that it is illegal."

When the sudden canceling of Germany's pledge to observe humanity in ocean warfare brought into sight the possibility of war on our own account, the question was asked uneasily, in many quarters, what the financial effect of such a step would be. The emergency currencies of England and Germany were made necessary by the lack of provision for instantaneous currency issues to meet the shortage caused by hoarding of panic-stricken citizens.

One year ago, within a few days, the world's financial markets, suddenly realizing what was about to happen, made what hasty preparations they could to bear the brunt of the economic storm. Now that the full twelve months has elapsed since the war really began, from the financial markets point of view, it is in order to ask whether the expectations and apprehensions of those first days have or have not been fulfilled. Germany would be crippled economically, by the destruction of her foreign commerce, she would soon feel the strain of raising the necessary war loans. England would call in all her capital from abroad. At the first opportunity, all Europe would be throwing its billions of dollars of American securities upon the New York market.

This article studies the impact of the First World War on England and Germany. One of the larger organizations busied with the employment of women in England is the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies. The three basic principles of the Union in the task of finding employment for women are equal pay for equal work, the obtaining of proper conditions in housing and working premises and the adequate training of women for remunerative occupations. One sure result of the conflict of nations is the challenge made to German "invincible" science. Ceaseless iteration of its all-conclusiveness had ended by awing the incapable nine-tenths of the world into silent acceptance and the capable tenth had something else to do than to reduce its extreme claims to fit bounds.

This article focuses on attitudes of British towards First World War. It is hard to make the ordinary Englishman understand the difficult and delicate position of the U.S. Administration at Washington or to appreciate the fact that its action in a situation like the First World War, is for many reasons likely to lag considerably behind the feeling of the people at large. On the whole, if the average British citizen is ablaze with enthusiasm for America, this is mainly due to a misapprehension. As soon as he understands the difference between the official and the intrinsic attitude of the Americans , he will feel relieved of most of his perplexity. Notwithstanding its admirably scientific and business-like organization, there is much to be said in favor of the thesis that Germany is the most romantic of the nations engaged in this war.

Presents information on the involvement of Germany in the Balkan War. Statement that when the World War II started German dictator Adolf Hitler was determined to avoid a two-front war; Suggestion that Germany will have to split her air force to send an adequate number of planes to the Balkans; Report that for the duration of the Balkan campaign an invasion of England is probably impossible; Opinion that Hitler should engage the German armies in the southeast; View that prestige was the determining factor of the war; Fact that England's fate is now to a great extent in the hands of Yugoslavia and Greece.

Focuses on the crisis in Ireland. Invasion from England and Germany; Decision of England to establish protective naval bases off the west coast of Ireland; Menace of Ireland's neutrality.

The article presents information on various developments relating to international relations. Drawing for the first of the new armies which the United States is prepared to throw into the fight for civilization took place in Washington on July 20. Discouraging news has come from Russia, the chief moral of which appears to be that Germany continues to command in Petrograd an extremely effective live propaganda and to use it with great astuteness. German airplanes attacked the east coast of England on Sunday, killing eleven persons and injuring twenty-six at Felixstowe and Harwich.

Presents news briefs on various political issues and events in the U.S. and abroad as of September 13, 1958. Message delivered by U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower to U.S. workers on Labor Day 1958; Race riots which took place in England; Decision of Ludwig Erhard, Economics Minister of West Germany, to impose embargo on further import of coal.

The article offers the author's insights on domestic service, particularly in European countries including England, Germany, and Ireland, as of 1864. It states that the chief evils that should be considered on the part of households include wastefulness, ignorance, and pertness. It says that all housekeepers should have observed the existence of intercommunication among servant classes, especially among the Irish.

A calendar of events related to marketing in 1974 is presented. A conference titled "Organizational Reactions to Changing Value Systems" will be held in Oxford, England from June 5-7. The 27th annual European Society for Opinion and Marketing Research Congress will be held in Hamburg, Germany from September 1-5, 1974.