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The article presents a list of books and papers related to law. Some of the papers are: "International Law and National Behavior," by Ahmed Sheik; "Conflicts Between Regional and International Work on Unification of Rules of Choice of Law," by Kurt H. Nadelmann; "Multinational Intercompany Agreements," by L.E. Miller; "European Commercial Law," by Berthold Goldman; "The Ombudsman in Finland," by Mikael Hiden; "An International Business Centre," by R.D. Hallam; "Foreign Exchange Controls"; "Nature and Extent of Executive Power to Espouse the International Claims of United States Nationals"; "Trade Secret Protection" "Hazards of Maritime Transit," by Thoinas A. Clingan; "The International Law of Pollution," by James Barros and Douglas M. Johnston; "International Relations and Future of Ocean Space," edited by Robert G. Wirsing; "International Legal Practice Restrictions on The Migrant Attorney," by John C. Hoppe and R. Snow and others.

The article presents abstracts of various papers related to international law. One of the papers discussed is "Defenses to Action on Foreign Judgment." By the civil law a foreign judgment, in the absence of treaty or statutory provision, is reviewable on the merits. When approved it is declared executory and enforced directly. At common law the rule is otherwise. A foreign judgment is conclusive on the merits, because it creates an obligation which is recognized like any other foreign-acquired right. Other papers discussed are "The Effect of Changing the Use of Land Taken by Eminent Domain," "Revision of Alimony Decrees," "Actual Competition As an Essential Element in Unfair Trade Cases" and "Effect on Incomplete Release of Appointment of Debtor As Executor."

In the course of his paper, "Understanding Factor Analysis," R.J. Rummel makes a rather unfortunate side trip into the realm of philosophy of science. His treatment of these topics is confused and thereby confusing. It is quite clear that he intends to undercut debate over the power of factor analysis to deliver causal explanations by destroying the distinction between causal explanation and description or classification. It is really too bad, however, that the notion of functional relationship between phenomena does not in itself discriminate between types of relationships. The question to what extent states adhere to the rules of international law in the formulation and implementation of. their national policy is a fundamental one for scholars interested in the study of international relations. One must first ask whether the criterion that Rummel employs, i.e., whether a state does or does not "subscribe to the statute of the International Court of Justice," is an adequate indicator of a state's acceptance of international law.

The relationship between the democratic state and other associations of its citizenry has been the subject of theorizing and philosophizing from the very beginnings of modern democratic thought in the 17th century. The early discussion focused primarily on sovereignty and natural rights. Tocqueville, an adherent to the latter point of view, is an early source for the subsidiary thesis that secondary associations also serve the important function of drawing their participants into the life of the general society. Restated in terms of voluntary associations and the political arena by the writers is the focus of this paper. The thesis specifies a dynamic relationship in which participation in voluntary associations is the independent variable, political activity the dependent variable, with the general society the context for both. The analysis focuses on those adults who in the period 1948-1949 voluntarily affiliated themselves with the Association by contributing one or more of the following: money,property, personal service. Individuals who contributed money, property, or both, but not personal service, are here called financial participants.

This paper presents an analysis of the factors causing variation in the degree and character of civil rights leadership competition in 14 cities. Leadership competition is found to be closely linked with structural components of the Negro subcommunity. Organized competition is found in cities where leaders have several independent bases of support, while independent competition occurs where there is a weak community prestige structure. Also, evidence is presented which clarifies the social consequences of leadership competition. Organized competition facilitates intense activity, but individual competition most often results in sustained civil rights activity. Cities with no leadership competition seem best capable of maintaining a disciplined drive for specific goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the international human rights protection state practices in Great Britain. The author contends that British state practice in the subject of sovereign states for the protection of human rights offers evidence of unrivalled continuity. The treatment of individual within the British Empire provides the moral justification for actions which sometimes stretched existing international law in the service of Christianity, humanity and civilization.

The article comments on the paper, Unions and the Negro Community, by Ray Marshall, published in the January 1964 issue of the "Industrial and Labor Relations Review." The author finds some misinterpretations in Marshall's writing about the case of Ernest Holmes, a Negro worker, against Local 10 of the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union before the New York State Commission for Human Rights, the agency that administers the state's fair employment practices statute. Marshall characterizes the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People'S effort to secure the decertification of anti-Negro trade unions by the U.S. National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) as a failure. Furthermore, the recommendation by an NLRB trial examiner that the certification of the Independent Metal Workers Union be revoked at Hughes Tool Co. in Houston, Texas because of discriminatory racial practices, which Marshall refers to, is now before the Board and it has been anticipated that it will be sustained by the full NLRB.

The article presents an annotated selection of materials from the United Nations System related to population, health, food, environment, economics, society, social policies, human rights, education and science. The information includes reports of governments on seizures carried out, problems raised by world population trends and implementation of treaties on narcotic drugs.

The article presents that the interaction between others laboring in the policy vineyard and public law impact researchers are increasing. Initial impact studies came with a shift from a traditional concentration on the U.S. Supreme Court's doctrinal output toward a perspective which accepted the Court as another political institution. The early studies of the outcomes of cases, narrowly descriptive and narrative, were concentrated on civil liberties and civil rights matters, initially school de-segregation, followed by church-state relations, the area of the first two major political science impact articles such as obscene literature, internal security, reapportionment, and criminal procedure.

The article focuses on the effect of World War I on international law. The law must take them into account, no matter what the theories of doctrinaires and Utopians. The world is familiar with the successive laws through which the U.S. has protected its population against the disagreeable results of immigration. The the decree of October 2, 1888, followed by the law of August 8, 1893, required foreigners residing in France to make a declaration to the police authorities and to carry papers which should be vise, in the commune to which they moved, each time that they changed their residence. The moving about of individuals which will be caused by military operations is likely to contribute to the exchange of knowledge and the comparison of law. Sometimes it will cause a case of conflict.

The article provides a historical sketch of military law given by the author. In his annual report, the author has urged the appointment of a committee to secure a series of papers on important topics appropriate to consideration and discussion by this society. The author furthermore pointed out the advantage of choosing these topics systematically with the object of covering in the proceedings the broad subject of military law, before branching off to an investigation and discussion of the more intricate questions involving constitutional law and relations with the judiciary: -questions which offer a broad field for their activities in the future. With this in mind the author endeavored in his report to set forth, subject to comment of the members, the different meanings sometimes applied to the term Military Law. By the same token, it seems pertinent to review in a very brief sketch the history of military law. It is also seen that the military law must be distinguished from martial law.

The abstracts of papers and articles about legal rights and assistance are presented. They include "Legal Services and the Community Action Program: Oil and Water in the War on Poverty," "Health Advocates," "Legal Services for Appalachia," and "Not for Lucre or Malice: The Southern Negro's Right to Out-of-State Counsel."

This article discusses the paper "Police Arrest Privileges in a Free Society: A Plea for Modernization," by O. W. Wilson. Our free society has created a system designed to identify and apprehend the person who commits a crime and to give him a fair trial in which the truth of his guilt or innocence is to be established. This system is based on the principle that guilty persons should be adjudged guilty. Both unbounded liberty and its restriction place basic human rights in jeopardy. Unbounded liberty jeopardizes the security of life and property and, indeed, the security of our free society. Compromise is a characteristic of a free society, the strength of which is derived from consolidating the most acceptable features of opposing views into a workable system. It is apparent that equilibrium in the scales of justice may necessitate adjustment of the weight in one pan to compensate for a change in weight in the other.

Discusses issues on emancipation plans related to property rights in man. Views of the society on the emancipation of slaves; Interpretation of slave emancipation.

The article presents documents and publications of the United Nations and Specialized Agencies on several topics. The publications have been categorized under following headings: General, population, health, food, housing; Social structures, economics, social service; Education, science; Legal and political questions, human rights; Sociology etc. Contents of documents and publications are briefly given along with its cost and year of publication. Some of these publications are "World Population Prospects as Assessed in 1963," "The Training of Health Laboratory Personnel," "Regional Physical Planning," "Cost Benefit Analysis of Social Projects," "Orientation Course in Mechanized Data Processing," "Periodic Reports on Human Rights," and others.

The article reports on the decree issued by the USSR imposing that the brains of educated people as property of the state, with total disregard for humanity and the rights of the person who happens to have these brains. The new Soviet regulation mandates a graduated scale of exit fees for educated citizens who wish to emigrate to non-Communist countries. Soviet intellectuals were shocked and expressed their disapproval of this government regulation which makes the Soviet system of higher education into a means for enslaving its citizens for life.

The article presents information about the paper "The Idea of Democracy in Contemporary Catholicism," by William J. Fitzgerald. It is an objective analysis of the Pope's Christmas message of 1944 and of his addresses to the Rota in 1945 and 1946. In explanation of the apparent hostility or indifference of some nineteenth- century popes toward democracy, it is correctly noted that in the past on the continent of Europe, democracy has usually meant extreme liberalism and anticlericalism. Fundamental Catholic premises are well outlined: it is recognized that there is no isolated Catholic theory of the state, but a Catholic theory of society in which the state has a definite and limited place. The Church has lived under different regimes, insisting only on the protection of fundamental human rights. From the Christmas message the main points elaborated are the emphasis on the "common man," the juridical statement of freedom of opinion and expression, the distinction between the people and the masses which is at the foundation of representative parliamentary government and the necessity of authority rooted in the natural law.

Intellectual Quincy Wright had procured the writing of the papers and had supervised the arrangements, and proceeded to launch the discussion and keep it on the rails for five sessions. His comments were penetrating, sometimes pungent, but always fair. Quincy Wright was short and stocky, with dark hair parted near the middle, a twinkle in his eye, and a quick smile. Quincy worked prodigiously and in a short period turned out a series of memoranda, one of them on the role of the Social Sciences Department. Drawing as he did on a rich fund of knowledge and experience, he naturally had some confidence in the conclusions he was reaching; but when any of us raised questions, he was willing to hear and weigh our criticisms. Finally, Wright was young at heart. He liked to meet young people, to talk about their work and their plans, to give them the benefit of his counsel. Despite his great contributions to international law and the study of international relations, he was not one to dwell on them.

The article discusses the case of Oliver Lee in Hawaii, for his professional survival and rights of a free man under the protection of the First Amendment of the Constitution. Lee is a naturalized citizen of Chinese-German background and an assistant professor in the department of political science at the University of Hawaii. Lee was recommended for tenure in a split vote by his department but was questioned for being an advisor of the anti-war student group, Student Partisan Alliance. The decision of the Hearing Committee noted that the administration did not have reasonable cause to revoke the letter of intent.

The article presents an essay on the Columbia University Bicentennial lecture series entitled "Man's Right to Knowledge," by Mr Hans Speier, broadcast over the CBS Television Network on November 21, 1954. It discusses on war, peace, and civilization. In the past ages, referred to as the dark ages, large part of the population lived in misery wherein the rich as well as the poor were exposed to epidemics. In the present times, progressive civilization hasn't conquered war. Science and technology have reduced the hardships of everyday life and lightened the burdens that in earlier times pressed down upon the many, sparing only the privileged few.

The article presents the author's tribute to social activist Martin Luther King, Junior on his death. The author says that King's followers will surely endeavor to immortalize his life's work for Civil Rights so that history may bring meaning to his martyrdom.