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Alternaria solani produced two homogeneous exocellular polysaccharide fractions when grown in shake culture with fructose as the carbon source and the NH4NO3 concentration of the medium 1.7 g/l. Chromatographic techniques indicated that fraction I contained glucose, galactose, and glucosamine in a 2.4:1:1 ratio whereas fraction II contained glucose, galactose, and mannose in a 6.4:1:1.2 ratio. Fraction I was found at levels seven times greater than II. Total polysaccharide produced was 1.8% of the dry weight of the mycelium and 1.2% of the available carbohydrate.Growth and polysaccharide production were greatest with fructose as the carbon source. Decreasing levels of growth occurred with mannitol, glucose, and sucrose, respectively. Exocellular polysaccharides were not detected with mannitol as carbon source. At 10 days, growth on fructose is maximum at NH4NO3 concentrations of 1.5 to 2.5 g/l, but exocellular polysaccharide production is maximum at 0.8 g/l. When produced on a medium of 2.0 g/l NH4NO3 the nitrogen content of I is double that when the medium is 0.8 g/l NH4NO3. In addition the ratio of I to II is about four times greater.

Cell walls of the marine Oomycete, Atkinsiella dubia were prepared and an analysis of the wall constituents was made. The walls contained approximately 80% polysaccharides and 14% proteins along with small quantities of lipid and ash. The carbohydrate fraction was composed primarily of glucan along with 1.8% glucosamine and a trace of galactosamine. An analysis of the amino acid composition of the protein fraction showed the presence of 18 identified amino acids including a surprisingly high (20% of total amino acids) hydroxyproline content. The polysaccharide fractions of the wall were mostly glucans with solubility properties similar to those reported for other Oomycetes. As anticipated, the glucans of mechanically isolated walls were virtually identical to those prepared from chemically isolated walls. The minor glucan component, cellulose, was found to occur in the form of poorly crystalline cellulose I As expected, electron microscopy of wall specimens showed microfibrillar and amorphous regions. It was stressed that Atkinsiella walls, like those of other Oomycetes, contain large quantities of β-1→3 and β-1→6 linked glucan along with a smaller amount of cellulose.

Bisalbuminaemia in two members of a Kashmiri family is reported. This, the first Asian variant, is described in terms of its electrophoretic mobilities and dye-binding properties.

Multiple electrophoretic species of arylsulfatase were demonstrated in sonicates of Proteus rettgeri by paper electrophoresis. Subsequent treatment of the sonicates with streptomycin sulfate and DEAE-cellulose chromatography resolved enzyme activity into four fractions. Electrophoretic examination of each chromatographic fraction revealed sulfatase heterogeneity comparable to that of the initial extract. These electrophoretic components differed in their general response to a number of arylsulfatase inhibitors. The results are discussed in relation to the finding of multiple species of arylsulfatase in other biological systems.

Fifteen lactating Holstein cows in a 3×3 Latin square experiment determined effects of ground newspaper in the diet. Test components of the rations were: A) 20% cottonseed hulls; B) 10% paper and 10% cottonseed hulls; C) 20% paper. All animals received 2.3kg of long alfalfa hay daily. Proximate analysis and gross energy determinations indicated that the paper rations contained more crude fiber, ether extract, and gross energy and less crude protein and ash. Ink in the paper apparently caused higher gross energy values and probably increased ether extract. Estimates of dry matter digestibility by an in vitro technique were not significantly different being 77.4, 77.4, and 77.5 for the control, 10% paper, and 20% paper rations. Average daily ration intakes were significantly different among rations with intakes of 21.5, 17.0, and 12.5kg per day for the control, 10% paper, and 20% paper. Paper at 20% of the ration significantly lowered actual milk yields but did not significantly lower fat-corrected milk yield during the six weeks. Average daily fat-corrected milk yields for control, 10% paper, and 20% paper treatments were 15.9, 16.9, and 16.3kg. Milk fat percentages were 2.6, 3.1, and 3.4 with significant differences between treatments. Milk protein and solids-not-fat were not significantly different; however, there was an inverse linear response between treatment and milk protein percentage. There were small differences in ruminal volatile fatty acids with a significantly lower pH for the 20% paper compared with the control. Paper at 10% in the ration would maintain milk fat percentage without reducing actual milk production during six weeks.

Procedures are presented illustrating methods of preparing glass columns (3.5 to 9.9 cm in diameter and 117 to 170 cm in height) packed with powdered paper for chromatography. A reaction mixture of anthranilic acid-l-C14, 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid-l-C14 and 5-hydroxyanthranilic acid-1-C14 was placed on a powdered paper column and the components separated by passing different organic solvent systems through the column. DL-Kynurenine-keto-C14, DL-Kynurenine-ring-2-C14, Hydroxy-DL-Kynurenine-keto-C14, and DL-Tryptophan-7a-C14 were resolved into the pure D- and L-isomers by the use of the powdered paper columns with very little loss of material.

Separation of simple saturated hydroxamic acids with a chain length of one to nine carbon atoms has been achieved by partition chromatography on paper. The relative merits of a number of solvents are discussed.

A substance present in culture filtrates of enterotoxigenic staphylococci that is distinct from alpha-, beta-, or delta-lysins causes vomiting; in cats when injected by the intraperitoneal route. An emetic fraction containing only vestigial traces of lysins can be resolved into three protein components and one polysaccharide by use of the Durrum ionophoresis method. The only component of this group that gave indications of enterotoxicity was a protein with specific mobility, relative to the others. Hemolytic proteins were separated by paper ionophoresis using the method of McKinley, Maw, Oliver, and Common.

In vitro dry matter disappearances were determined for 11 paper sources and three complete rations containing 0, 10, and 20% newsprint. Inoculum was from an alfalfa hay-fed steer. Alfalfa hay, brome hay, and Solka Floc were reference substrates. Brown wrapping paper and brown cardboard had the highest dry matter disappearances of 90.8 and 77.8%; whereas four glossy or slick magazine papers had significantly lower values of 46.1, 45.1, 41.3, and 41.0%. Newsprint with black ink, without ink, and with colored inks had dry matter disappearances of 33.2, 32.6, and 26.5%, which were significantly lower than those of the glossy magazine papers. Lowest dry matter disappearances of 24.0 and 20.1% were from two magazine papers. The complete rations had 77.9, 80.1, and 81.8% dry matter disappearances for the 0, 10 and 20% paper rations. These data indicate substantial differences in digestibilities of various paper sources.

PAPER-PARTITION chromatography of tissues of genetically known strains of Drosophila melanogaster as well as those of certain plants has shown that each strain gives a constant and distinctive pattern. The chromatographic patterns of heterozygotes carrying recessive genes can be easily distinguished from those of either parental homozygous strain, even though the phenotype of the heterozygote is indistinguishable from that of the homozygous dominant. This is the case for: (a) the fluorescent patterns observed under ultra-violet light in the chromatograms of adult Drosophila melanogaster heterozygous for the following mutants: bent, eyeless2, short-vein, spineless-aristapedia, vestigial; (b) the ultra-violet-fluorescent and the ninhydrin-positive patterns of root-tip smears of heterozygotes for the mutant male-sterile2 in tomato1; (c) the ultra-violet-fluorescent and the ninhydrin-positive patterns of root-tip smears and leaf extracts of heterozygotes for the yellow-green mutant of musk melon2 (see also chromatogram).

An adaptation of a moist-chamber method is described whereby Verticillium albo-atrum, V. dahliae, and V. nigrescens can readily be isolated from herbaceous and woody hosts and easily identified. Segments of infected stems, petioles, and roots cut transversely can be observed microscopically at daily or frequent intervals to determine the origin of outgrowing fungal hyphae in the absence of troublesome contaminants.

The reaction of Paramecium caudatum to solutions containing the ash of cigarette paper was consistent with the response of Paramecium aurelia previously reported. After this confirmation, both these species of Paramecium were used as test organisms during a search for the causative agents for the "Paramecium reaction". A qualitative spectrochemical analysis of cigarette paper ash showed that its chief constituent is calcium (97%) with 12 other detected elements present at levels too low to elicit any response from paramecia. Hydroxyl ions in concentrations equivalent to 0.001 M Ca(OH)2, 0.0008 M KOH, or 0.002 M NaOH simulated but did not duplicate the effect of standard cigarette paper ash solution (as of one cigarette paper in 20 ml water). While neutralization caused the three hydroxide solutions to lose their toxicity, the toxicity of cigarette paper ash solution was not appreciably affected by neutralization. Equivalent solutions of facial tissue, filter paper, and a paper towel, burned the same way as cigarette paper, were used as controls. Each of them affected paramecia differently and none simulated the Paramecium reaction. Further, a comparison between ashes from a paperless cigarette, a whole cigarette, and one with two extra roll-your-own wrappers demonstrated a dependence of the Paramecium reaction on cigarette paper ash as well as a direct correlation between the reaction intensity and the amount of cigarette paper ash present.

During a search for hemoglobin variants in Manitoba, two unrelated patients were found who appear to possess the trait for hemoglobin E Saskatoon (β22 Glu → Lys) on the basis of peptide map analyses of the variant fractions.