Search

A method for determining schedules in a paper mill is described and applied to real production data. The problem is to allocate products to machines and determine their sequence so as to minimize total costs. The costs include production losses through set-ups, stock holding and penalties for delayed delivery. The method is based on a permutation representation of the production schedule and the determination of a locally optimal solution. A permutation is locally optimal if it cannot be improved by transferring groups of products to a different place in the schedule. The method has been programmed and the results show a considerable improvement over alternative manual procedures. The paper has been written in two parts, the first dealing with the development of the method and the second discussing its application to a specific problem.

WHILE, so far, the spot test on filter paper, developed by Dr. F. Feigl and his co-workers, has been used exclusively for qualitative purposes, we have discovered a method for the estimation of various substances by using circular filter papers and the solvents which are commonly used in paper partition chromatography.

In the examination of questioned documents, problems involving the source or authenticity of carbon copies may be encountered. The copy presented may have been prepared through the utilization of individual sheets of carbon paper, or it may have been produced through a carbonless paper system. In some cases it may be significant to determine whether the copy was produced in the conventional manner or with a carbonless system and, if the latter, which particular carbonless system was utilized. For these reasons, a study of the carbonless systems currently in use was undertaken.

search anthologies for the long paper imposes considerable, sometimes deleterious, control. I want to describe an approach designed to realize the best and avoid the worst of both approaches by a combination of group learning and individualized instruction. But first, I think, I must acknowledge that some Freshman Composition instructors do not want to teach the research paper (term paper, multiple source paper, or investigative paper) by any method or by any name. I want not so much to argue for teaching the research paper, as to suggest a possible improvement for those who are going to teach it anyhow. Those who would like to drop it have formidable support from Albert Kitzhaber, who has contended in Themes, Theory and Therapy that secondary source research is not an activity endemic in English studies and should not take up time in an English class which can better be devoted to writing several shorter papers.' That's a compelling position, but there is another view. If the research paper is not exclusively the concern of English, it is at least as much its business as that

I HAVE recently developed in our laboratory the following method for the circular development of a large paper disk which has the advantages of (a) rapidity, requiring no more than two and a half hours for a satisfactory separation of sugars and amino-acids, and (b) simplicity, as it does not need the various devices of other workers1,2.

COMPARATIVELY little use has been made of paper chromatography for micro or semimicro preparative purposes. A difficulty encountered in such work is that of applying relatively large quantities of material to the paper. The methods hitherto used are either time-consuming, for example, multiple, manual application of contiguous spots along a line some 24 in. in length, or require special apparatus, such as the kymograph method of Yanofsky, Wasserman and Bonner1. The need for a quick and simple technique of application has led to the development of the following procedure.

The feasibility of a compact bandstop-filter geometry is demonstrated. The filter geometry is particularly suited for stripline and microwave-integrated-circuit (MIC) fabrications in that grounding is not required for any part of the filter. Hybrid geometries allow the filter designer increased flexibility in choosing a suitable shape factor without significantly affecting the filter's electrical characteristics. Folded-line filter geometries are suitable for narrow bandwidths (provided capacitive-coupled stubs are used) to wide-bandwidth applications. Experimental confirmation is presented.

A technique for the optimization and sensitivity analysis of broad classes of electrical networks is illustrated. The method utilizes the exact algebraic partial derivatives of functions with respect to any desired independent variable. This completely automated technique has the obvious advantage that the derivatives of any circuit response function with respect to any desired component parameter may be obtained with no additional analytical effort on the part of the designer. Several examples are given to illustrate the procedure.

An automatic test system for determination of the tuning and output characteristics of voltage-controlled solid-state oscillators is described. Hardware, software, and functional capabilities of the broad-band modular system are presented. The utilization of a minicomputer for data collection with on-line curve fit and rapid CRT display of test and analysis results facilitates device tuning and streamlines traditionally tedious measurement tasks.

Two trends, the growth of interdisciplinary research and the proliferation of machine-readable data bases, require that new techniques and tools be applied to facilitate use of scientific and medical literature in support of research. In order to permit systematic searching of multiple data bases to satisfy requests in interdisciplinary areas, a mapping of a portion of Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) to three other controlled vocabularies has been constructed. A description of the development of the mapping is followed by details of a preliminary test of its effectiveness based on searches in the subject areas of applications of physics and engineering in medicine. The test shows: (1) Index Medicus provides an average of 81% of the citations retrieved in searches using more than one source; (2) in some subject areas use of the mapping does allow an increase in the number of items retrieved, but with a loss in precision. Limitations of the mapping revealed by the test suggest possible alternative applications of the mapping in controlled vocabulary development and in on-line searching.

adds the component of affordable, local access to information via data banks and communications networks, access that can aid student learning and personal productivity. The trick for campuses in coming years, then, will be to integrate computing into the curriculum in ways that recognize all three dimensions and their interdependence, especially when it comes to the support of instruction and student learning.

A procedure based on an analysis algorithm and practical rules is described for the design of waveguide multiplexer. Simple rules, which enable the designer to quickly find a near-optimum solution in a small number of iteration steps, are given. An example of a 6-channel communications multiplexer, which utilizes narrow-bandpass elliptic function waveguide filters, is also included.

SummarySeveral case studies of document analysis are presented, including examination of burned documents, handwriting identification, and examination of typewriting samples.

The proceedings contain papers given by the members of the chapter who come from both the University and Business environments. Some operational indexing, bibliographic, SDI and Retrospective Search Systems which include CAN/SDI, Compendex, TEXT-PAC, SIS II & III, KWOC and FAMULUS are discussed. Also included are papers on two projects conducted by the Computing Science department of the University of Alberta; the one project is an on-line thesaurus and the second an Information Retrieval Laboratory. Other papers are about the computerized circulation system at the University of Calgary's library, the Marc project at the University of Saskatchewan and the problems of design and coding questionnaires. (Author)

This second volume of a two-volume report on a fully automatic high quality translation (FAHQT) contains relevant papers contributed by specialists on the topic of machine translation. The papers presented here cover such topics as syntactical analysis in transformational grammar and in machine translation, lexical features in translation and paraphrasing, requirements for machine translation, current status of hardware and software as it affects FAHQT, bilingual computer dictionaries, and the shape of the dictionary for machine translation. Volume 1 (FL 002 936) includes papers as well as specific consideration of the FAHQT inquiry. (VM)

The primary aim of these five technical papers is to indicate aspects of proof theory which may be of use in the study of non-numerical computing. The three main papers are entitled: "Checking of Computer Programs;""Consistency Proofs and Programs for Translators;" and "Experiments with Computers on the Complexity of Non-numerical computations." The author shows that many theorems on computability in traditional metamathematics are of little use to the computer scientist because they do not lead to feasible algorithms. He also suggests alternative approaches to proof theory which would be of greater applicability. (MM)

The large-scale development of Time-Shared, Interactive, Computer-Controlled, Information Television (TICCIT) at Brigham Young University is described in this paper. The TICCIT project was designed to provide a market success example for computer-assisted instruction, particularly for junior or community colleges. The project incorporated a combination of computer terminals and television consoles that were able to provide the learner with a complete instructional system. This paper discusses the relationships between the general elements of the system: design, training, courseware, and management. The system is unique because it incorporates industrial techniques to a large instructional system. (MC)

The paper has four main sections. The first is concerned with the characteristics and structure of satellite networks. The second discusses pressures within education that are causing the development of various types of networks and also identifies studies in which networking needs for educational sectors and services are defined. The third section examines the current status of educational networking for educational radio and television, instructional television fixed services, inter- and intra-State educational communication networks, computer networks, cable television for education, and continuing and proposed educational experiments using NASA's Applications Technology Satellites. The fourth describes possible satellite-based educational telecommunication services and three alternatives for implementing educational satellite systems. The paper concludes with some remarks concerning public policy aspects of future educational satellite system development. (Author/JK)

A Symposium was held in May of 1972 to assist in the resolution of the varied problems effecting the advance of educational technology. Most of the papers presented at the symposium dealt with the current situation of various aspects of computer assisted instruction (CAI) throughout Canada. Other papers covered CAI centralization, minicomputers, co-operative research projects, educational games, educational management simulations, logic instruction, program design, language standards, group use of CAI, teacher-authored instruction, and "do-it-yourself programing." The concluding speaker noted that a very small amount of hard data was presented in the papers and emphasized that the fate of CAI will be determined by cost-benefit analysis. (MC)

This paper represents a careful study of published works on computer security and access control in computer systems. The study includes a selective annotated bibliography of some eighty-five important published results in the field and, based on these papers, analyzes the state of the art. In annotating these works, the authors try to be objective, indicating the strong as well as the weak points. In addition, they attempt to show how one piece of work is related to or influenced by another, since research works seldom evolve without interaction. Because a number of outstanding works on computer security and access control in computer systems are classified or unpublished, this collection is not exhaustive. The annotated material is organized into four sections of which the sections on computer security and access control in computer systems are emphasized. In addition, to provide some background and broad understanding of the issues of computer security, they have included several bibliographies, some articles on the business and management overview, and several works on social and legal implications. (A related document is LI004415.) (Author/DH)

Some of the major results of future goals of an automatic program synthesis project are described in the two papers that comprise this document. The first paper gives a detailed algorithm for synthesizing a computer program from a trace of its behavior. Since the algorithm involves a search, the length of time required to do the synthesis of nontrivial programs can be quite large. Techniques are given for preprocessing the trace information to reduce enumeration, for pruning the search using a failure memory technique, and for utilizing multiple traces to the best advantage. The results of numerous tests are given to demonstrate the value of the techniques. The other paper gives a brief overview of the automatic programming system within which the above algorithm is being used. This system is still under development. (Author/CH)

One hundred and fifty papers deal with the current range of concerns in the emergent field of environmental design research and emphasize the relating of research to practice. The papers focus on (1) original research in the social and behavioral sciences with direct relevance to environmental design, planning, and management; and (2) new methods and approaches (including computer-based techniques) for dealing with complex environmental problems. The papers are grouped under (1) man-environment relations, (2) environmental quality -- specification and evaluation, (3) design -- the generation and exploration of solutions, (4) design communications -- methods and media, and (5) design research and education. (Author/MLF)

The small college computer center's problems--sources and types of service, programing support and faculty development, administrative and academic interfaces, computer science and computer center interfaces, computer center policies, orientation and organization and services of users and groups--are generally individual, and any given problem will have many alternative solutions. This report of a symposium on small college computer centers presents papers and addresses which are oriented around this theme, with each set of papers being presented according to one of the problems listed above. In addition, the symposium's program, an introduction to the symposium, and its keynote address are included. (Author/SH)

Proposals for the use of the computer in the humanities often ask more of the machine than it can reasonably yield, and the enthusiastic generation of data for dictionary projects may well overburden the editors who must eventually cope with it. Procedures in lexicography are not well enough defined for a substantial burden to be placed on the logical capabilities of the computer. Most data collection must still be left in the hands of human readers, though editing of the data may be carried on with the use of on-line devices in which man interacts with machine. The use of the computer in the final stages of producing a dictionary, however, may yield important results in speeding production and in making available a reservoir of data for other purposes. This paper will be published as part of a "Festschrift" for Hans Kurath later this year. (Author/FB)

In August, 1967, a conference was held at the University of Oregon to identify, forecast, and discuss the evolving requirements of educational information systems. The general purpose of the conference was stated as follows: if chaos is to be avoided in educational systems by the mid 1970's, intensive research development efforts in the field of educational system requirements must be mounted. While much has been written about systems requirements, the educational community is in need of a summarizing statement regarding what has been done and what most needs to be done regarding educational information system requirements in the next one to two decades. The general purpose of the conference was to produce a statement, representing the thinking of a select group of educators and information science specialists representing the several sectors of education. The papers in this volume constitute the beginnings of such a statement which has since served as a basis for further dialogue throughout the country and abroad. (Author/CJ)

This paper is concerned with the application of information engineering approaches to the design of large general purpose educational systems. The subject is developed through a brief discussion of such topics as (1) design objectives of future educational systems, (2) an information processing model of the educational process, (3) a basic configuration of a general purpose information system for education, and (4) the state of art of information technology relevant to such a system. The paper concludes with a description of one educational system under study. (RP)

The question at hand is: Can a computer program be copyrighted, patented, or protected as a trade secret? All three protective methods are examined, with special attention paid to the advantages and disadvantages of each pertinent to computer program protection. The scope of the protection and relevant case law are considered. The paper concludes that laws relative to the protection of computer programs are in a state of flux for two reasons: (1) the uniqueness of the computer and its programs in light of the currently accepted protection methods; and (2) the lack of case law in point. (TL)

Past problems encountered in the use of computers are discussed. They include: (1) computing and data storage costs; (2) machine speed and capacity limitations; and (3) the limited number of languages and Input/Output devices available to facilitate man/machine communication. The improvements in all of these areas are explained. The problems which remain, it was contended, lie in the area of communication. For example, the desires and demands of a programmer and a psychologist and the expectations of the computer are not in concert. Data rates for all three are discussed in order to emphasize the magnitude of the discrepancy between what men and machines can do. The paper concludes with the modest hope that soon a machine can be made to communicate only with the scope and clarity of an intelligent man. (TL)

This paper proposes computer assistance in the synthesis operation of vocational counseling. The goal of vocational counseling is to match the client with a vocation in which he will be both satisfied and satisfactory. The computer would, through its rapid scanning and computation, produce probabilities of satisfactoriness based on (1) the individual's unique pattern of vocational abilities, and (2) individual differences in ability requirements of various occupational environments. Probabilities of satisfaction would be based on (1) the individual's vocational needs, and (2) information on the reinforcer characteristics of various occupational environments. These four lists of potential jobs would result: those in which the client would be (1) satisfied and satisfactory, (2) satisfied and unsatisfactory, suggesting training, (3) unsatisfied but satisfactory, and (4) unsatisfied and unsatisfactory. The computer could also be used in individualizing assessment techniques which provide the banks of data on which the probabilities are constructed. The advantages would be time saving, increased motivation, simultaneous prediction, clarification of reliability, and the greater amount of information at the counselor's disposal. (BP)

Vehicle testing is seen to have the dual purpose of ensuring customer satisfaction and increasing engineering design experience and knowledge. The techniques used vary in accordance with the objectives of the investigation. Research and development test methods are designed to assess the achievement of product performance objectives and to provide information to guide engineering design. Specific examples of tests, instrumentation and analysis used in relation to vehicle durability, noise, ride and handling, heating and ventilating systems, and engine cooling systems are included. Importance of overseas testing to evaluate vehicle behaviour in various environments is stressed. Production validation testing of vehicles built by production methods, prior to new model introduction date, is designed to ensure that performance specifications, vehicle reliability and quality targets are satisfied. Quality control testing is designed to ensure that product objectives are maintained. Test methods are simple and results are interpreted on a ‘Go/No-Go’ basis. Testing continues throughout the model life to assist in correlating warranty claims and customer complaints with the test methods used in product evaluation.

R. H. Earle: In the development of the hydraulic division of automatic control systems for hydro electric units, it has been the experience of the writer that the major problem is to obtain the desired action of the turbine gates during the periods of starting and stopping the machine. In response to electrical signals the turbine gates must be opened or closed and the gate opening must be controlled in such a manner as to prevent violent speed changes and to prevent unnecessary shocks to the machine itself, the water conduits, and the power system. As stated by Mr. Wensley this action is secured by modifying the usual governor system, by using motor-operated gates, or by using a special electrically controlled service motor to move the gates.

Throughways is the name given to an urban rapid transit system that is based on the use of standard buses operating on ordinary urban roads for part of the route and on reserved tracks, either at ground level or as elevated structure, on sections of routes where traffic congestion would ordinarily restrict the speed and make it difficult to predict schedules. On the reserved tracks the buses are automatically steered by a guidance unit. By this means narrow tracks can be used, and the buses can keep up a higher average speed (which is largely independent of weather) than would be possible with manual steering. The system includes automatic signalling equipment, to ensure safe merging of buses from lay-bys and feeder routes into a main stream operating at high density. This is intended not only to help maintain high schedule speeds and high capacities, even in bad weather or poor visibility, but also to reduce braking and acceleration rates, thus contributing to passenger comfort.