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It has been a most common practice at the paper mills that the method called the acidic fixation in lower PH (PH 4-4.5) was applied to size the paper, however, due to the excess of aluminum sulphate would decompose alkaline earth filler such as calcium and magnesium carbonates and destroys its sizing effect.After a long carefull studies and experiments were carried out we have finally succeeded in produce the neutral sizing agent which produced excellent sizing effect even in the nearly neutrality (near to PH 7.0).For the example, we mixed with about 10-40% of precipitated calcium carbonate into the pulp in the beater adding with the neutral sizing of about 1-4% and the aluminum sulphate of 1-3%, then we are able to observe the perfect sizing effect on the tissues and printing papers. In other words, the test result of Stoickigt method was indicated about 30-50 seconds (60g/m2).Also, it is known to manufat cure the high grade none-filled paper (such as writing, bond, name-card paper etc.) made with the process called the acidic sizings, in this connection the required amount of aluminum sulphate is to be limited approximately between 1/4-1/5 as to compare with previous method. Assuming as to obtain size of 2 per cent it only required between 0.4-0.5 percent of aluminum sulphate are sufficient.Many tests carried by actual operation at the various paper mills, we are convinced more from those data and results, this is more effective medium for paper sizing than any other sizing agents. In this field and many Japanese paper mills are to start using and adopting the neutral sizing for the purpose, therefore we are prepared to state the merit and advantages of this material as follows.1) In the past a most important filler for the papers are those of various clays, however to obtain with the whiteness (above 95 %) and perfect filling effect many paper mills are able to use of those calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate as the filler from now on.We recommend to use it for high grade tissue paper such as air mail and india paper which are required more translucent. It also can be used for a suitable common writing paper making because resistance against the Perker's fountain ink which consist of high degree of PH2) In the manufacturing Japaness paper by the cylinder paper machine, this neutral sizing agent will give much satisfaction for the reason of it's nature which will not destroy the fibre dispersing ability of mucilages (abelmoschus manihot) which will be able to adjust the uniform suspension of long fibres to coagulation in the acidic reaction of rosin and aluminum sulphate sizing.3) On account of the neutral nature in sizing, the durability and preservation of paper could be maintained and gain many other benefits by using it.4) It is known fact that a close relationship exists between the rate of dryness of paper and or printing ink and in this connection the expert on this subject recently recommended of the neutral slightly alkaline fixation for the sizing. (Ref. A. Voet : Ink and Paper, Part II pp 193 5) 5) This neutral sizing agent is a quite effective and ideal method and proceed with the method of neutral size, it will not only save a larger amount of aluminum sulphate but also save a big amount of fluorescent dye which intended to improve the whiteness of papers thus by using it themanufacturing cost will be sufficiently reduced. (In the case of the size produced under the acid condition will have a tendency of change of the red shade) 6) Due to the neutral nature of itself, this will definitely help to reduce the erosive action on the machine wire thus prolong the life of the wire.The neutral size is a sort of high-free rosin soap which is produced under a special saponification, process and it was prevented the coagulation of rosin particles by using the protective colloids.

Coagulations of paper mill wastes were investigated by the use of polyelectrolytes. Nonionic polyacrylamide was the most effective for the purification of wastes. The suspension of pulp fiber was rather dispersed by the addition of anionic polyelectrolytes, such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium alginate, and sodium polyacrylate. No remarkable effect of pH was seen for the coagulation of polyelectrolytes. The possibility to using polyelectrolytes for the purification of paper mill wastes was recognized in the case of the wastes suspending large fibrous colloid.

1.1. Filter paper electrophoretic analysis of the serum and urine proteins in thirty-five cases of multiple myeloma has been carried out. In all thirty-five cases characteristic protein abnormalities were observed; seventeen cases showing homogeneous peaks in both the serum and urine, eleven cases in serum only, seven cases in urine only. 2.2. All urine samples showing a positive Bence-Jones protein reaction also displayed a characteristic electrophoretic abnormality. Eight of the twenty-four electrophoretically positive urine samples were Bence-Jones protein negative by the usual tests. Because of the relative simplicity of urine electrophoresis by the filter paper technic, this test is considered to be a practical clinical procedure. 3.3. Two cases are presented in detail because certain atypical clinicopathologic features of their disease patterns possibly assist in an understanding of the relationship of the plasma cell dyscrasias to chronic lymphatic leukemia and the lymphosarcomas. A third case, which demonstrates the value of serial electrophoretic studies in myeloma, is also presented. 4.4. Consideration is given to some of the physicochemical properties of the myeloma serum and urine proteins, and to the possible nature of their interrelationship.

Filter paper electrophoretic analyses of serum were carried out in a series of eighteen proved cases of multiple myeloma, twenty-three normal controls and 130 patients with non-myelomatous diseases, and compared with the results of classical Tiselius electrophoresis and chemical fractionation. Abnormal electrophoretic patterns were found in all of the cases of multiple myeloma studied, and tall narrow spikes representing abnormal proteins with varying mobilities in the globulin range were demonstrated in 78 per cent. The latter were considered diagnostic of myelomatosis since similar patterns have not been described in any other disease and since none were observed in any of the present controls. In six of the eighteen cases the diagnosis was first established on the basis of these electrophoretic patterns and subsequently confirmed by bone marrow biopsy. In eight others they were merely confirmatory in previously diagnosed cases. Of special interest were the diagnostic patterns found in four patients in whom myelomatosis was not suspected. There were significant quantitative differences between the results obtained by filter paper and classical electrophoresis, and the results of both differed from those of chemical fractionation. However, the diagnostic peaks of myelomatosis were equally well demonstrated by both electrophoretic methods. It is concluded (1) that the electrophoretic patterns of serum obtained by both the filter paper and Tiselius methods exhibit highly characteristic peaks in a high proportion of individuals with multiple myeloma, (2) that such patterns are of great diagnostic value and (3) that the filter paper method offers the advantages of simplicity, low cost and speed, without any loss in sensitivity or specificity, which make it especially valuable for screening large numbers of specimens in patients suspected of having myelomatosis.

The relationship between physical properties of paper, especially stiffness and/ or rigidity, and printabiltiy was investigated.The samples studied were 32 fine papers which were manufactured on a midget Fourdrinier paper machine according to the experimental design previously planned, including several factors which were considered to affect the physical properties of paper.The printing experiments were carried out on a M-3 type laboratory printing press, using four plates comprising a solid and half-tones.As the first step of this study, a numerical expression of printability was investigated. Result was obtained that reproducibility which was tentatively designated to the value obtaining from the following equation had highly significant correlationship to the printability (order, ranked by a functional examination).Reproducibility=WPG/WOG (1-α/100) WPG : Brightness of printed surfaceWOG : Brightness of original paperBoth measured by the Hunter Multi-PurposeReflectmeter, using green filter.χ : Area of half-tones of used plateAt the second step, inquiries were carried out into the correlationship between printability and physical properties of paper including stiffness and/or rigidity, smoothness, compressibility, oil absorbency etc. In this case, reproducibility was used as a printability value.Further, relations between reproducibility, coefficient of ink transfer and printed opacity and printing conditions were analysed.Furthermore, the correlations in some combinations among five physical properties comprising Youngs' modulus, compressibility and stiffness of three types, such as Clark (softness, rigidity and stiffness), Olsen and Gurley, were made clear.Following conclusions were obtained.1. In the scope of these experiments, there was no correlation between stiffness of paper and printability.2. Other physical properties which correlated to printability were only the properties indicating smoothness of paper.3. Reproducibility related merely to the properties of ink used, i.e., tack and film thickness on the plate.4. Although coefficient of ink transfer have been affected by the type and tack of ink, film thickness and printing speed, printed opacity referred not to printing speed. Further, it was made clear that in these two properties there was a reverse tendency in each other.5. In five physical properties of paper concerning stiffness or the like, it was indicated that highly significant correlations have been found in seven combinations, for example, in the case of Gurley stiffness vs. Clark stiffness plot, 0.9065 was obtained as the correlation coefficient, Olsen stiffness vs. compressibility, -0.7283.

A simple method is described for determining the uric acid: creatinine ratio (UA/C ratio) in urine collected on filter paper. Uric acid and creatinine can be eluted quantitatively from Schleicher and Schuell 903 filter paper in alkaline buffer; the eluate is analyzed for the two compounds simultaneously by an automated method. The mean UA/C ratio was defined in 820 newborn infants in the postnatal period of life. After the third day, the average is 1.49 ± 0.60 (mean ± 1SD), falling from a high value of 2.25 ± 0.85 on the second day. There is no significant sex difference or diurnal variation at this age and neither gestational age nor birth weight apparently affects the ratio. The technique can be used to screen population, particularly the neonate after the 3rd day of life, for disorders of purine metabolism. An abnormal ratio (i.e., above 3.29 or > 3SD above the mean) would indicate such a disorder. Transient high UA/C ratios can be anticipated in at least 0.5% of samples often because of acquired perinatal complications.

A sample of 147 men drawn from the workers in a pulp mill was compared with one of 124 men from a paper mill. The former included those exposed to chlorine and to sulphur dioxide. No significant differences were found in respiratory symptoms or in simple tests of ventilatory function in the two samples, but men working in chlorine had a somewhat poorer respiratory function and more shortness of breath than those working in sulphur dioxide. The working population of both mills together had a lower prevalence of respiratory disease than that of the male population of Berlin, N.H., previously studied, suggesting that working populations may not be representative of the general population. Further, a low prevalence of disease in a working population exposed to pollutants may not indicate their `safety9 in general populations.

Among the factors affecting the stiffness of paper, the effects of density, loading and basis weight were studied on the hand-made sheets. A formula and a diagram, by which the effect of basis weight on the stiffness can be calculated independently of pulp variety, beating equipment and pulp freeness, were derived and the concept of stiffness factor was defined as follows.log S =log a+1.832 log WStiffness factor=S(100/W)1.832where S=stiffnessW=basis weight in g/m2 α=α constantAlthough “Koshi”, one of the Japanese traditional methods evaluating paper quality is not a mere stiffness but it depends on the sense of human being, a formula evaluating “Koshi” was derived and it was named “Composed Stiffness”.Composed Stiffness= [S- (1.0-D)× 86.7]× D×T.S.where S= StiffnessD=Density in g/cm3 T.S = Tensile strength in kg

The pulp and paper industry has fallen on evil days since 1929. It is still our largest manufacturing industry both in value of output and amount of payroll, and still ranks second only to wheat among the export staples on which our economic life is built: in the calendar year 1934, wheat provided just over 20 per cent, of the value of our exports; pulp and paper, 17¼ per cent, a gain of 4¼ per cent, since 1930. Unhappily it is also second only to wheat in the calamities which have overtaken it. In 1933, its salary payments were barely 68 per cent, of the pre-depression figure, its wage bill not quite 50 per cent., its bond and debenture interest payments less than 15 per cent., its dividends about 9 per cent. Mr. C. P. Fell, in his valuable chapter in The Canadian Economy and its Problems, says that “mills having 58 per cent, of the total Canadian [newsprint] capacity are in bankruptcy or receivership, or are passing, or have recently passed through, some form of reorganization; … they include five out of eight of the larger newsprint manufacturers in North America.”The general decline in prices and consumption will explain only a small part of the disaster. It is tempting to dismiss the rest as no more than an instance of the common plight of all export industries; especially as the only section of the pulp and paper industry in a reasonably satisfactory financial position is the small group of firms producing fine paper and specialty goods for the protected home market. But this explanation also is hardly adequate. The Canadian wheat grower has had to contend against the vagaries of nature, against foreign tariffs, quotas, and other such restrictions, against a considerable expansion of home production in his chief markets, and against the formidable competition of exporters from countries with depreciated exchanges. The Canadian newsprint manufacturer, on the other hand, faces no such obstacles. On the contrary, he has free entry into the United States market, and, until the worst of the depression was past, enjoyed the advantages of a depreciated exchange, netting him at times as much as $8.00 a ton, and an average of $3.00 in 1933. It is necessary, therefore, to look deeper to discover why the industry has suffered such exceptionally severe losses.

In few conditions is the electrophorogram of serum proteins capable alone of deciphering the diagnosis. In conjunction with the assembled clinical data and relevant applied pathological tests the definition of the disease is often clarified. The patterns as observed by the applied pathologist are serially discussed and the importance of the variations in different fractions presented. In several instances, exemplified by liver disease, the assistance rendered toward prognosis has been considerable. Perhaps the most clearcut diagnosis is possible in the agammaglobulinaemia syndrome which is immediately evident by the technique of paper electrophoresis. Current advances are mainly in the direction of estimating the protein-bound carbohydrate and lipid constituents which are believed to reflect the abnormalities in several infections and metabolic diseases. Utilisation of non-ionic detergents has also allowed separation of subfractions of the globulins into numerous new components, including lipo-proteins, some of which had been previously observed during the application of improved buffer systems designed to restrict interference of heavy metals and to facilitate accentuation of fractions having intermediate mobility.

An indirect immunofluorescence test using small discs (0.4 cm in diameter) cut from blood smears on filter paper is described. Discs plus three drops of phosphate-buffered saline are laid on antigenic areas on slides, which are then incubated. During incubation, eluted antibodies react with antigen. The method was tested with 10 eluates from healthy persons and with 30 eluates from three groups of 10 patients with Chagas’ disease, schistosomiasis Mansoni and South American blastomycosis, respectively. Sera from the same blood samples were tested also by conventional indirect immunofluorescence tests. Both tests gave similar results. The method proposed is useful as a rapid qualitative screening test when dealing with a large number of samples.

By the method of paper electrophoresis a comparative quantitative study was made of the sundanophilic serum lipids of two groups of persons; one group consisted of twenty-one patients who had had previous myocardial infarction, the other of eighteen women with no clinically important arteriosclerosis. The electrolipograms in all cases revealed two zones, the larger probably corresponding to β-lipoproteins, the smaller to α-lipoproteins. In the atherosclerotic group the major lipid band constituted a larger fraction of the total lipid than in the control group. The major lipid band of one-third of the atherosclerotic persons extended farther with respect to the β-globulin.

— The use of paper electrophoresis for the routine examination of urinary proteins in the dog has been studied. In the majority of dogs with nephritis the A/G ratios of the urinary proteins were found to be greater than those of corresponding sera and the electropherograms were fairly well defined. In a few cases the ratios were much smaller, and they were usually associated with high relative percentages of the β- and γ-fractions. Post-renal protein due to cystitis alone produced poorly defined electropherograms. These also resulted when both conditions were present. Urinary proteins with high relative percentages of β- and γ-globulins were also investigated and their electropherograms compared with those of γ-globulin preparations and with seminal plasma from male dog ejaculate. Urinary proteins from dogs suffering from a combination of diseases, e.g. nephritis and liver disorders, gave electropherograms that were not characteristic, although low A/G ratios appeared to be associated with prostatitis, with a case of splenic haematoma, and with some cases showing severe liver damage. It is concluded that paper electrophoresis of urinary proteins, particularly when performed on small “grab” samples has only limited use in routine clinical diagnosis. Resume— L'tlectrophorere au papier a ete employee pour I'etude des proteines dam l'urine du chien. Chez la majorite des chiens le rapport A/G dans l'albumine de l'urine a ete trouve augmente. Dans peu de cas, le rapport etait plus petit, quand le pourcentage Beta et Gamma etait plus eleve. L'albuminaire due a des cystites ne donnait que des electrophograms mediocres. Il en etait de meme quand une nephrite venait compliquer une cystite. Les proteines urinaires ayant une forte teneur de beta et de gamma globulines furent egalement etudiees, et leur electropherogramme compares au liquide seminal de chiens males. Les proteines urinaires de chiens souffrant simultanement de plusieurs maladies telles que nephrite et desordres hepatiques, donnerent des cliches peu caracteristiques, bien qu'un rapport A/G diminue semble etre associe a une prostatite, a un hematome splenique, et dam quelques cas de graves leions hepatiques. La conclusion est que l'electrophorese au papier, des proteines de l'urine, est d'un interet clinique limite, particulierement quand la quantite d'urine fournie est petite. Zusammenfassung— Die Anwendbarkeit der Papierelektrophorese zur Untersuchung der Harn-proteine des Hundes wurde studiert. Es konnte festgestellt werden, dass in der Mehrzahl der Hunde, die an Nephritis litten, die A/G Quotienten der Harnproteine hoher waren als der entsprechenden Sera und die erhalten Elektro-pherogramme waren ziemlich scharf definiert. In einigen wenigen Fallen waren die Quotienten betrachtlich kleiner und dann fand sich gewohnlich auch ein relativ hoher zugehoriger Anteil der Beta und Gamma Fraktion. Postrenales Protein, das lediglich durch Zystitis hervorgerufen war, zeigte verwaschene Elektrophorogramme. Solche Resultate wurden auch dann gesehen, wenn beide Erkrankungen zusammen vorlagen. Harnproteine mit einem relativ grossen Anteil von Beta und Gammaglobulin wurden ebenfalls untersucht und die erhaltenen Elektrophorogramme wurden mit solchen verglichen, die man rnit Gammaglobulin oder mit der Samenflussigkeit mannlicher Hunde erhielt. Hamproteine von Hunden, die an einer Kombination von verschiedenen Erkrankungen litten, 2.B. von Nephritis und Leberkrankheit, ergaben uncharakteristische Elektrophorogramme, es erschien jedoch, dass niedrige A/G Quotienten bei Prostatitis, bei einem Fall von Milzhaematom und bei einigen Fallen rnit schwerer Leberschadigung gefunden wurden. Es kann abschliessend gesagt werden, dass die Papierelektrophorese der Hamproteine, desonders wenn sie nur an gelegentlichen kleinen Proben ausgefuhrt wird, nur einen beschrankt klinisch diagnostischen Wert besitzt.

A RADIOIMMUNOASSAY FOR HUMAN PITUITARY LUTEINISING HORMONE USING PAPER CHROMATO-ELECTROPHORESIS

Summary The electrophoretic pattern of serum proteins has been studied in 30 infants suffering from toxicosis. During the stage of acute dehydration the main changes were a moderate or marked increase of alpha globulin, particularly of the α2 fraction and a decrease of albumin. In some cases there was also an increase of the gamma globulin. During recovery the alpha globulin decreases while albumin increases. However, the return to normal of the electrophoretic pattern is not always achieved when clinical recovery occurs. The absolute amounts of total serum proteins have also been estimated and their significance has been discussed. Electrophorese sur papier des proteines du serum au cours de la toxicose. L'aspect electrophoretique des proteines du serum a eteetudie chez 30 ehfants presentant une toxicose. Au cours de la periode de deshydratation aigue, on a pu noter une augmentation nette des alphaglobulines (en particulier la fraction alpha 2), et une diminution de l'albumine. Dans quelques cas, on a pu noter aussi une augmentation des gammaglobulines. La diminution des alphaglobulines, et l'augmentation de l'albumine est survenue avec la guerison. Neanmoins, le retour a la normale de la courbe d'electrophorese n'est pas toujours acheve au moment de la guerison elinique. Papierelektrophorese von Serum-Protein bei Sauglingstoxikose. Die Elektrophoresebefunde von Serumproteinen sind bei 30 an Toxikose leidenden Sauglingen untersucht worden. Wahrend des Stadiums der akuten Dehydration waren die Hauptveranderungen eine massige oder ausgepragte Zunahme des Alpha-Globulins, insbesondere der α2-Fraktion und eine Abnahme des Albumins. In einigen Fallen be-stand auch eine Zunahme des Gamma-Globulins. Wahrend der Genesung nimmt das Alpha-Globulin ab, wahrend das Albumin ansteigt. Jedoch ist der Ruckgang zum nor-malen elektrophoretischen Bild nicht immer vollendet wenn die klinische Genesung eintritt. Electroforesis en papel de las proteinas sericas en la toxicosis. Se estudiaron las imagenes electroforeticas de las proteinas sericas en 30 lactantes afectos de toxicosis. Durante el periodo de deshidratacion aguda, los cambios mas notables fueron un moderado o marcado aumento de la alfa globulina, especialmente de alfa 2. Durante la convalecencia, la fraecion alfa globulina disminuyo mientras au-mentaba la albumina. Sin embargo, la vuelta a la imagen electroforetica normal no siempre es completa al ocurrir, la mejoria clinica.

A PAPER Chromatographie study of urinary aminoacids has been carried out in 69 affected and 565 unaffected relatives from 64 families with various types of muscular dystrophy. Only a small proportion of subjects had either generalized or specific hyperaminoaciduria.

Summary In 21 premature infants, the birth weights of whom ranged between 1500 and 2400 g and the ages between 1 and 56 days, the total serum protein values have been determined and the serum protein components have been electrophoretieally differentiated. All infants were fed on human milk but, in 10 infants additional protein was administered (Casein preparation Secoosan). Total protein values were found to be lower in premature infants than in full-term infants. During the first eight weeks of life total protein values decreased, from 5.63 g per cent to 4.03 g per cent. The decrease in total protein is caused by a decrease in the amount of albumin (from a little below 3 g per cent in the first week of life to a little above 2 g per cent in the eighth week) and of gamma-globulin (from about 1 g per cent to about 0.5 g per cent) while the alpha1-, alpha2-and beta-globulin values remain rather constant. If casein is added to the diet the total serum protein values and the serum albumin values will range at higher levels, but the decrease with increasing age will not be prevented. On the contrary, additional casein to the diet will cause a further reduction in the gamma-globulin concentrations (Fig. 1). Taux des proteines dans le serum des prematures. Des determinations du taux des proteines totales ainsi que des taux particuliers des differentes proteines ont ete effectuees par electrophorese chez 21 bebes nes avant terme. Tous ces enfants etaient nourris au lait maternel et 10 d'entre eux recurent des supplements de proteines. Il est apparu que le taux des proteines totales etait plus faible chez les prematures que chez les enfants nes a terme. Au cours des huit premieres semaines qui suivirent la naissance, le taux des proteines totales descendit de 5,63 g%a 4,03 g%. Cet abaissenient du taux des proteines totales provenait de la diminution de la concentration en alburnine (qui d'abord legerement inferieure a 3 g % au cours de la premiere semaine etait descendue a un niveau legerement superieur a 2 g % au bout de huit semaines) et en gamma-globuline (qui, etant d'environ 1 g %etait descendue a environ 0,5 g %), tandis que les taux des globulines alpha1, alpha2 et beta etaient restes relativement constants. L'addition de caseine a la nourriture fit monter les taux des proteines totales et de l'albumine a des niveaux plus eleves, mais ces concentrations diminuerent egalement avec le temps. D'autre part, l'addition de caseine a la nourriture entraina une diminution plus importante du taux des gamma-globulines. Serumproteinwerte bei fruhgeborenen Kmdern. Bei 21 fruhgeborenen Kindern wurden die gesamten Serumproteinwerte bestimmt und die Serumproteinbestandteile elektrophoretisch differenziert. Alle Kinder wurden nut Frauenmilch ernahrt, aber 10 Kinder erhielten einen Eiweisszusatz. Die gesamten Proteinwerte erwiesen sich bei den fruhgeborenen Kindern als niedriger als in vollreif geborenen. Wahrend der ersten 8 Lebenswochen fielen die totalen Proteinwerte von 5,63 % auf 4,03 % ab. Der Fall im Gesamtproteingehalt ist durch einen Abfall im Albumingehalt bedingt (von ein wenig unter 3 g % in der ersten Lebenswoche auf ein wenig uber 2 g % in der achten Woche) und Gammaglobulingehalt (von ca. 1 g % auf ca. 0,5 g%), wahrend die Alpha1-, Alpha2-und Betaglobulinwerte ziemlich konstant bleiben. Wenn Kasein zur Diat zugefugt wird, werd. en die gesamten Serumproteinund Serumalbuminwerte ein hoheres Niveau erreichen, aber der mit dem Alter einhergehende Abfall wird nicht verhindert werden. Im Gegenteil, der Kaseinzusatz zur Diat bewirkt eine weitere Herabsetzung der Gammaglobulinkonzentrationen. Valores seroproteicos en los prematuros. Han sido determinados, en 21 prematures, los valores seroproteicos totales y diferenciados electroforeticamente los componentes seroproteicos. Todos los ninos fueron alimentados con leche humana, pero a 10 de ellos se les administraron proteinas adicionales. Hallose que los valores proteicos totales eran inferiores en los prematuros a los de los ninos nacidos a termino. Durante las ocho primeras semanas de la vida, los valores proteicos totales disminuyeron. de 5.63 g % a 4.03 g %. La disminucion del total proteico esta causada por una disminueion de la cantidad de albumina (desde un poco menos de 3 g % en la primera semana de la vida hasta un poco mas de 2 g % en la octava semana) y de gammaglobulina (desde aproximadamente 1 g % a aproximadarnente 0.5 g %) mientras los valores globulinicos alfa1, alfa2 y beta, permanecen bastante constantes. Si se anade caseina a la dieta, los valores seroproteicos totales y los valores seroalbuminosos alcanzaran niveles mas elevados, pero la disminueion, al aumentar la edad, no podra evitarse. La caseina, contraria, adioionada a la dieta, causara todavia mas reduccion en las concentraciones gammaglobulinicas.

Following samples, 10 newsprint (53-63g/m2), 18 printing paper (30-114g/m2) and 18 kraft papet (44-83g/m2) were tested by Tensilon tensile strength tester (Instron type), Schopper tensile strength tester, Mullen tester, Elmendorf tearing tester, M. I. T. folding endurance tester and Clark stiffness tester, and most of correlation factor between these testers were statistically significant.

A detailed account is given of a method of preparing giant paper sections of lung for the day following necropsy or, better and more easily, for the subsequent day. This method represents minor modifications to the highly successful Gough-Wentworth technique by challenging the need for lengthy fixation and embedding procedures, but producing results which are thought to be comparable.

SummaryThe electrophoretic behavior of serum leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) in normal individuals, in pregnancy, and in patients with hepatobiliary disease was investigated with paper electrophoresis technics. In normal serum LAP migrated as a single component in the α1-globulin fraction. In patients with elevated serum LAP activity due to hepatobiliary or pancreatic disease supplementary peaks of enzymatic activity were demonstrable in other protein fractions. Thus, in jaundiced patients with carcinoma of the head of the pancreas, liver metastases, biliary atresia, acute hepatitis, and drug-induced jaundice, additional activity was observed in the β-globulin fraction. In some patients with hepatitis additional activity was observed in the α2-globulin as well as β-globulin. In common duct stone additional activity in the albumin fraction was a consistent finding. In early pregnancy the electrophoretic pattern of LAP was similar to that observed in normal serum, whereas during the third trimester LAP activit...

Serum protein analysis of 40 cases on pulmonary tuberculosis, by paper electro-phoresis and non-specific serum coloid reactions, such as cadmium, Gros, Takata and Weltmann reaction, were carried out.The results obtained were as follows : 1) Increase in percentage of α-α2-and γ-globulin to total protein and decrease of albumin were observed in chronic pulmonary tuberculosis. These changes, except of β-globulin, were proportional to the stage of the disease.2) Much increase of γ-globulin ware absened in far advanced pulmonary tuberculosis, but a few in mininal and mederately advanced.3) Increase of α-globulin occurred as the disease tends to exudative type.4) The changes of fraction of serum protein were compared with changes of non-specific serum coloid reaction (cadmium, Gros, Takata and Weltmann Reation); and the positivity rate of these reactions were related proportionaly to the percentage of serum albumin and γ-globulin mainly.

(1960). The Paper Disc Method for Determination of Bacterial Sensitivity to Antibiotics Studies on the Accuracy of the Technique. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation: Vol. 12, No. 4, pp. 408-413.

A precise and accurate method is being developed for the determination of T3/T4 ratio. This method depends on using serum of different thyroid cases for the assesment of T3/T4 ratio. It has been found that the best temperature of storage is 0.0 °C to 4 °C before extracting the iodinated tyrosines and thyronines. Iodination with 125I was done according to our previous technique to render the separated thyronine radioactive. Scanning method helped for the determination of T3/T4 ratio. The results were confirmed by sensitivity and recovery test and statistically analyzed. 100 cases were investigated comprising hypo-, eu-, and hyperthyroid cases.

The electrophoretic patterns of the sera of 25 patients with sarcoidosis were compared with the patterns obtained in 31 persons suffering from other diseases. Only in the cases of sarcoidosis were we able to find a characteristic mean electrophoretic pattern that is a increase in the alpha 2, beta and a marked increase in the gamma globulin while the albumin showed a decrease.

312 male chronic alcoholists without clinical symptons of cirrhosis hepatis are inoculated with heat-killed typhus-paratyphus bacilli. The result of the inoculations is compared with the serum proteins of the patients. A connection between the O-antigens and the γ-globulins is established, and also between specific and unspecific H-antigens and the (α-) β-globulins.

According to the result of totally 10 time mass-screening examinations of pulmonary tuberculosis carried out annualy twice spring and fall during five years, the following conclusions were obtained.1) Both the roentogenographically positive finding rate and prevalence rate of actual case had been decreased over a period of five years.2) Cases of mixed form with exsudative and fibroid lesions, according the Oka roentonographic classification, was most apparently decreased in five years. In the forms of the hardnodular and calcified-scar lesions the rates did not any significant changes, and the form with the deformation by surgical operations increased by the spring 1957 and no change was observed after that. Occurrence of exsudative pleurisy was very seldom.3) In the classification of guide standard, number of the patients with the A calss (off work required) and the class B (limitted working hour) remarkably decreased, and those of the class C (under supervision) relatively increased.4) According to the classification by the Japan Society of Tuberculosis, no case with extensively advanced cavity form was found through the observation, and cases with not-advanced cavity form disappeard by the end of the observation. Also cases with the varied non-cavity form was obviously decreased. No apparent changes were shown in the unmber of cases with the stable non-cavity form and the recovered form.5) The decrease of the number of cases with exsudative form seemed to be more apparent in the group of workers with medium physical work, compared with that group of desk workers. The increase of both the roentogenographically positive finding rate and prevalence of actual case was observed by the older years of age, and the trend was not so much varied through the five year observation.