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The article focuses on the papers which overview clinical services of mental illness. The papers mentioned about a clinic in New Jersey area which offered an outstanding service not only to mentally retarded patients but also to the whole community as well. It presents clinical demos on the importance of counseling the parents in connection with the diagnosis and treatment of mentally retarded child. Moreover, it tackled on facilities and discrete applications of individual and group treatment.

The article presents an account of the book "Diseases of Community and Their Treatment," vol. 1. The book is a collection of papers on research in the field of cure of community diseases. The papers suggest that in the search for a cure of community diseases, a notable shift of tendency may be discerned. It is turning away from separate modes of treatment for particular ills, and is a concentrating on the fostering of means towards life more abundant. The newer scientific treatment of evils as defects of life, thus reinforce the older claims of religion to transmute the defects into the qualities of life. So, it is the aim of civic sociology to seek out, gather together, and, as far as may be, harmonize, the resources of science and of religion available to these ends. Yet the merest beginnings have so far been made, either by civic sociology or other means, towards an authentic body of verified knowledge and tested practice bearing on social evils as science at its clearest sees them, and religion at its purest transmutes them.

Predictions that measles would be eradicated through vaccination have not been fulfilled. The reasons for this failure are analyzed in this paper, and the possibilities for successful action against measles are outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since attempts by adherents to various psychotherapeutic orientations have failed to demonstrate the efficacy of any one of them, this paper tries to explicate the single variable--humanness--that seems to underlie all therapeutic approaches, and may account for the positive results obtained by all approaches. Many investigators have emphasized the importance of a positive relationship as a factor in counseling; but an influential force, behavior modification therapy, has attempted to once again place the role of technique in the spotlight. Their results have not been striking. A second aim, therefore, of this paper is to offer a critique of this position in the light of humanistic and research considerations. The implications of a technique-oriented therapeutic approach are also discussed. A plea is entered for emphasis being placed on, and an investigation of, the role of humanness as the most important variable in the counseling process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A conference paper about the aetiology and treatment of acne vulgaris. Topics discussed include endocrine imbalance, psychosomatic factors, seborrhoeic or greasy skins, pityriasis capitis, and hypertrichosis tends. Treatment includes Proluton C, progesterone injection, X-radiation therapy, and special diets.

A conference paper on the responsibilities of dentists and physicians regarding oral diagnosis and treatment is presented. Details are provided about the relationship between dentists, patients, and physicians. The practice of prophylactic dentistry is described and the importance of patient care is emphasized.

Presents a study on gastric secretory responses before and after therapy with prednisone. Use of Hydrion indicator paper in the measurement of the degree of acidity of gastric secretion in patients with gastrointestinal disorders; Changes in gastric acidity of patients with arthritis after prednisone therapy; Benefits of prednisone therapy to a patient with sprue.

Information about a paper discussed at a meeting by the American Academy of Dental Science about the development and structure of teeth is presented. Topics discussed include early treatment of malocclusion, the use of preventative orthodontia to prevent some of the end-results caused by malocclusion, and the use of dietary therapeutics in preventative orthodontia.

The factual basis for therapy and family advice urging "leveling" in the sense of giving free expression to aggressive feelings is reviewed and the results of a study of 385 couples presented. The study tested the hypothesis that verbal aggression is a substitute for physical aggression. Opposite results were found: the more verbal expression of aggression, the more physical aggression. A similar analysis of "intellectualizing" marital conflicts found that such an approach is associated with low amounts of physical violence. These results apply most strongly for working-class couples. Historical and social trends which could account for the popularity of leveling approaches to marriage, despite considerable evidence suggesting the opposite, are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acute renal failure is a complicated disturbance, which taxes the clinical skills of (he physician. This paper reviews the metabolic derangements, the principles of treatment, the consequences, and the advances recently made in our understanding of the pathophysiology and management of acute renal failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The continued success of hemodialysis and later kidney transplantation when feasible have made these the accepted and recognized modes of therapy for children with terminal renal disease. As survival rates improve, dietary therapy is most important in bringing the patients to transplant in the best possible condition. The present paper not only reviews the known nutritional principles in the control of renal failure, hut also offers practical guidelines and diets for good management of uremic infants and children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the book "Psychotherapy of the Adolescent," by Benjamin H. Balser. This is a collection of papers and interpretations on the treatment of adolescents at different levels of psychiatric practice with special emphasis on the role of the school.

This article presents information of various books and journals related to psychology. The paper "Notes on the psychotherapy of infantile autism" by Micheal Fordham is an account of his work and research with autism in children. "Psicologia della lettura" by Mario Trevi is a thought-provoking paper, which presents some intriguing comparisons between reading and play. The paper "Working with a family in a Child Guidance setting" by P. Parsloe and D. Howell presents therapeutic work of psychiatrist and psychiatric social worker on psychotherapy of closely interdependent immature people.

Two sets of issues in counseling are discussed in this paper. The first set of issues are termed false or illusional. They are: (1) Should counseling be "directive" or "non-directive?' (2) Should counselors "diagnose?," and (3) Should counseling be personal-emotional or informational-didactic? These issues are explored and the position taken is that they are not vital in the sense that they present important alternative consequences to counselors. The second set of issues discussed are termed elusive in that they are difficult to frame dearly, but are held to be highly important in terms of their consequences. These issues are: (1) Is counseling developmental-educative and preventive in nature or is it remediating-adjustive-therapeutic? (2) Is counseling liberating or conditioning in nature? These issues are briefly explored and some of the alternative consequences entailed by them are suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Journal of Dermatology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases is the property of BMJ Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The growing abundance of therapeutic alternatives can present exceedingly complex sequences of medical treatment decisions and treatment plans. Extensive and systematic clinical treatment evaluation, which necessarily involves the aid of electronic computers, is indicated in the solution to these problems. The primary purpose of this paper is to discuss precise mathematical formulations of these problems and to describe computer aids to their solution. First, the use of dynamic programming is discussed as an approach to the mathematical formulation of the diagnostic-treatment cycle. Then the use of Bayes' formula will be discussed as an aid to the collection of treatment-evaluation data. Finally, a computer system for an outpatient clinic is described. It is important to note that although we suggest basic mathematical characterizations of these problems, each particular medical specialty, and frequently each particular treatment, requires specific adaptations of the methods in order to take care of special problems that frequently arise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article informs that the selection and validation of criteria to measure psychotherapeutic experience are important problems in current research. In an increasing number of studies the utility of psychological tests as guides to selection of suitable patients for psychotherapy is being investigated. Although the validation of such tests rests, to a large degree, upon the adequate measurement of the success or failure of the patient's therapeutic experience, insufficient research has been directed towards this area. The present paper reports on an empirical investigation of the relationship between the manner in which therapy is terminated and length of treatment and training and experience of the therapist.

The article reports that in the field of psychotherapy, there has been practically no progress in the matter of evaluating the relative efficacy of various methods because of failure to quantify the nature and malignancy of the clinical case materials under study. Adherents of various schools of psychotherapy have made a large number of claims and counter claims which cannot be proved or disproved until the exact nature of the clinical material on which the findings are based has been established. It is the purpose of this paper to outline a method for quantifying the malignancy of case materials by the use of a rating scale which has been called the prognostic index.

This article discusses directive psychotherapy. The purpose of, this paper is to discuss the nature, indications and contraindications of methods of therapy involving pressure or coercion. Pressure is defined as the bringing to bear upon the client of stimulation tending to direct action toward specific goals. Coercion involves restraint or regulation by force, usually by law or authority, compelling or constraining the! client to comply with directions. Pressure will usually involve influences which leave ultimate responsibility for conformance up to the client himself, while coercion requires mandatory conformance.

The paper briefly discusses the action of the ototoxic antibiotics on the human labyrinth, reviews their pharmacologic properties and summarizes their clinical indications. The ototoxic antibiotics are a group of drugs with remarkable pharmacological similarities. Most ototoxic antibiotics cause severe damage and destruction, primarily of the sensory cells of the inner ear. The available data indicate that these cells depend mainly on glucose for energy, and that ototoxic antibiotics damage the apparatus for glucose breakdown. A good understanding of the absorption, distribution and excretion of the drugs is essential for safe therapeutic application. Unfortunately, administration to patients with renal insufficiency is at present the main cause of iatrogenic deafness. The necessary precautions and the changing indications for the drugs are outlined.

A Case report of unilateral brachial artery stenosis with thrombosis as a result of ergotamine toxicity is presented. The etiology, mechanism of vascular injury, diagnostic principle and therapy of ergotism are discussed. Ergot poisoning occurred in epidemic form in the Middle Ages as a result of fungal contamination of rye. Recently reported cases of ergotism have been iatrogenic. Migraine sufferers have a relative immunity to the side effects of ergotamine, and the use of dihydrogenated compounds in the treatment of migraine has reduced the toxicity even further in this form of therapy. Consequently, it is rarely reported in the literature. In reporting such a case this paper perhaps goes further calling attention again to the subject of drug induced angiitis. Recent reports incriminate similar features with Methysergide and drug abuses, notably, Methamphetamine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New antimalarial drugs are required, partly because of the emergence of drug resistant strains of malaria parasites and partly because better compounds are needed to cure relapsing tertian malaria. In reviewing the diverse modes of action of currently used anti-malarials, against a background of the pathogenesis of malaria, attention is drawn to deficiencies in our knowledge. Even less do we understand how the malaria parasite becomes resistant to certain drugs, in particular chloroquine. New approaches to the problem include the application of combinations of existing antimalarials, and the search for new drugs on an unprecedentedly vast scale. Out of over a quarter million compounds that have recently been screened, a handful are now in clinical trial and are showing great promise for the treatment of multiple resistant falciparum malaria. The paper concludes by summarizing current recommendations for the prophylaxis and therapy of malaria due to drug resistant parasites. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article discusses the research paper about chemotherapeutic advances, presented at the November 1943 issue meeting of the New Jersey Science Teachers' Association. The author chronicles several medical advances between 1880 and 1990 including Louis Pasteur's discovery of the microbial nature of contagious disease and the classifications of animal parasites, namely protozoa, bacteria and fungi and ultramicroscopic viruses. He points out the suggestion of Alexander Fleming that penicillin may be an effective antiseptic for application to areas infected with penicillin-sensitive microbes.

This paper reports the results of a case study on hysterical deafness. The subject was a 19-year-old girl with complete hysterical deafness. The main points of interest in this study were (1) the patient's electromyographic reaction to novel and intense auditory stimulation, (2) auditory conditioning, and (3) "conditioned responses (CR) therapy" The first auditory stimulation produced a startle reaction followed by marked emotional disturbance. Repetition of the same stimulus one minute later produced no reaction and no change in the patient's EMG record. Auditory conditioning was obtained in the deaf state and the procedure appeared useful therapeutically, since the patient recovered her hearing on the day following the CR session. In the deaf state CR's were mainly confined to muscle potentials. In the hearing state the large muscle potential components were significantly less frequent in the CR's which were mainly responses of finger movement.

Brief reference is made to the original papers of Bowen and of Darier, and the later significant developments in our understanding of Bowen's Disease. The wide variation in clinical appearance is emphasized. The involvement of pilosebaceous follicles in the process, and the importance of this factor in planning treatment are emphasized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has been suggested that the effect of ACTH in myasthenia gravis may be ascribed to an action involving neuromuscular transmission which favours repolarization processes, with a tendency towards hyperpolarization of the membranes of muscle fibres and motor nerve endings. A similar mechanism has been postulated for the action of ACTH in epilepsy (Klein, 1970). A direct or indirect action on nerve membrane would interfere with depolarization. There is evidence of raised concentration of intracellular potassium and increased outflow of sodium ions which would cause hyperpolarization of the membrane. This paper studies the effect of ACTH on the late block of neuromuscular transmission caused by acetylcholine (ACTH). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information about therapeutic group approaches in community mental health. This paper deals with the varicolored spectrum of group influence attempts that lie outside the more strictly clinical range of group psychotherapy. Recognition is the proved potency of these approaches in counteracting the noxious influences noted and in enhancing mental health and rehabilitation need not lead to an obliteration of the distinction between them and traditional group psychotherapy. One could argue to the contrary that a comprehensive view of all treatment modalities in the framework of planned intervention measures aimed at restoring adaptive in place of maladaptive social functioning only heightens the need for concise diagnostic assessment and treatment methods. This has been demonstrated in relation to crisis intervention and short-term psychotherapy in which "an orderly and integrated series of concepts" and methodology are considered even more necessary than in long-term treatment. The greater the need for flexibility in goals and innovations in methodology encountered in the context of a community mental health center, the greater the necessity for conceptual and methodological clarity and order.

The article presents information about three approaches to the casework treatment of narcotics addicts. This discussion of casework approaches to the treatment of narcotics addiction is not meant to be all-inclusive, but rather to describe the three treatment modalities with which the writer has had direct experience. In the current stage of our knowledge about addiction, there can be no single approach to "the addict," since there are different kinds of addicts for whom different approaches are indicated, which will also vary with the agency setting and goals. It is only through research and evaluation that it may be possible to accumulate the necessary scientific information and eventually develop a typology of addicts and suitable treatments for each category. This paper will highlight only the focal points of research on addiction that have served as a framework and potentiator for the offering of the traditional treatment services. Before the casework approaches used in these various modalities are described, some of the assumptions and concepts on which the writer's work has been based will be out-lined. Over the last decade, many treatment and rehabilitation methods have been utilized in the area of narcotics addiction. Treatment modalities have included hospitalization with detoxification, at times augmented by aftercare services, work by voluntary and religious groups, specialized rehabilitation centers, parole and probationary controls.

Patients diagnosed as borderline are appearing in increasing numbers in all types of social agencies, yet at the same time "classic" neurotics are showing up in fewer numbers. The goal of this paper is to suggest a casework approach to help the patient adapt more successfully to his environment. First it shall describe the behavior and personality characteristics of the borderline patient. Then it shall attempt to describe how specific aspects of the therapeutic situation lend themselves to the use of certain techniques. This will include a description of general treatment considerations and various sources of potential change. The borderline state is a stepchild of diagnostic thinking. There are some who regard it as a point on the classic continuum between neurosis and psychosis while others regard it as a separate entity. In the second view, the borderline state is seen as a stable, precise diagnostic entity which, while it resembles both neurosis and psychosis, has features that clearly differentiate it from both.

In modern phlebology there is no longer room for a dogmatic, one-sided conception of the therapy of the venous diseases. Controversies about the question of ‘sclerotherapy or surgery’ are out of date. Each method has its advantages and its disadvantages which must be weighed individually in every case. The term ‘varicose veins’ is no longer an adequate diagnostic expression; it has passed as, for example, has the term ‘rheumatism.’ Varicose veins are only a symptom common to many conditions of the venous pathology. The conditions which were described in this paper must be distinguished in the first place before the choice of treatment can be discussed. Indications for active or conservative therapy, for sclerotherapy or surgery are influenced by the individual criterions of these various types of venous diseases. Numerous factors and also some paramedical points are of importance and must be considered before the choice of treatment is made. Some conditions call for a certain therapy; others allow more than one therapeutic possibility. The exact knowledge of the various conditions is basic; technical skill is essential for a successful sclerotherapy as well as for a successful surgery. It is a mistake to believe that sclerotherapy requires less experience and knowledge than surgery. Modern vein surgery, on the other hand, has made enormous progress and has become an important section of vascular surgery. Damages by either method —surgery or sclerotherapy—can be avoided or at least reduced to a minimum by a thorough choice of the most adequate therapy for every case and by technical skill and personal experience. A close cooperation among angiologists will contribute to finding the best therapeutic ways for the various types of the varicose disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper offers a case study with a defective delinquent who was rehabilitated through intensive individual psychotherapy. The subject was selected by the staff of a large colony for male defectives as belonging to the group of "incorrigible" defective delinquents. The procedure of selection and the results of a large scale counseling and psychotherapy program have been described elsewhere. One to three therapeutic sessions of 20-50 minutes each were held weekly for 18 months except for vacation.

Treatment of illness in the Admiralty Islands was related to the assignment of illness to one of four main categories: (1) interpersonal, soul damage by extra-human agents, (2) interpersonal, cursing within group, (3) interpersonal, sorcery outside of group, and (4) impersonal, organic damage by an immanent impersonal agent. The first two causal assignments persist as explanations for illness with implications for traditional cures in every instance. Three and four vary inversely with one another in priority of resort to native or European curative practices. This paper offers an analysis of factors in the allocation of cases between European (acculturative) and native (counter-acculturative) curative agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The literature on hyperkinesis contains considerable disagreement regarding the disorder's terminology, etiology, behavioral correlates, and treatment techniques. This paper explores the possibility that two distinct patterns of hyperkinesis exist and that the failure to delineate these has resulted in the conflicting reports evidenced throughout the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents X-ray diffraction data obtained from enamel samples treated with a prophylactic paste containing SnF2-ZrSiO4. The application of this paste by use of a revolving rubber cup resulted in a closer packing of the apatite constituents and a better crystallinity of the apatite crystals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]