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Wilson A. G. (1969) Research for regional planning, Reg. Studies 3, 3–14. Research helps us to understand patterns and processes associated with cities and regions, and includes research into the planning process itself. Thus, this paper concerns itself with the analysis of cities and regions on the one hand, and the process of planning on the other. It is argued that greater analytic capability can only be obtained by an extensive programme of research in many disciplines, and especially in multi-disciplinary teams. The present state of the art is described by reference to available models of city-regional systems. In the process it is shown that a number of concepts, such as those of systems analysis, which facilitate model development, cut across disciplinary boundaries. The planning process itself is concerned with policy and design and particular attention is paid in the paper to the combinatorial problems facing the designer. It is emphasized that the “gap” between researchers and planners will narrow as the increasing analytical capability and studies of the theory of design on the research side are focused on important planning problems, and as the new skills developing within the planning profession become more extensive. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This two-part paper presents methods for (a) the determination of trans-verse stresses and (b) the proportioning of transverse reinforcement in the anchorage zone of prestressed concrete beams. The methods presented are based on a physical analog representing the end of the beam. Part I of the paper describes the basic features of the approach, compares the results with others based on theory and experiment, develops simple design procedures, and concludes with numerical examples. Part 2 discusses in detail the derivations associated with the development of the physical analog. A considerable amount of significant work on anchorage zone stresses has preceded this paper. The contribution of this effort is that it provides an analytical tool which can be used in design to investigate many different conditions without the necessity of laborious solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paper deals with sheds in the form of cylindrical shells or folded plates usually built spanning in the east-west direction with the windows facing north. The stresses in the direction of the span can be calculated by the Lundgren beam method. Multiple shed units are normally connected by posts between the windows. In this paper the sheds are assumed to be of one span, and multiple shed units are connected, apart from the window posts, by a solid wall for a short distance in the window plane near the two supports. This creates a special type of continuity which is shown to have a considerable effect on the stresses in the direction of the span. A method of calculation is presented in which the effect of this continuity is taken into consideration. A numerical example is given of a shed of the shell type. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper intends to answer two questions: (a) What is the internal mechanism of the so-called shear failure of a reinforced beam, and (b) What is the strength of this mechanism? Under increasing load a reinforced concrete beam transforms into a comb-like structure. In the tensile zone the flexural cracks create more or less vertical concrete teeth, while the compressive zone represents the backbone of the concrete comb. The analysis of this structural system has revealed that two rather different mechanisms are possible: as long as the capacity of the concrete teeth is not exceeded the beam-like behavior governs; after the resistance of the concrete teeth has been destroyed a tied arch, having quite different properties, remains. For both mechanisms simple analytical expressions have been developed. Tests carried out at the University of Tor onto on sever a I series of reinforced concrete beams have confirmed this theory, as did some other available test results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Calcified Tissue Research is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

It has been shown that flame retardant fibers, fiber additives and finishes in fabrics can be identified by their infrared spectra. The rapid and nondestructive multiple internal reflection technique was found to be suitable for the identification of most inherently flame retardant fibers. If the fabric bas an open, coarse surface, the MIR spectrum may be of weak intensity, but it will be sufficient for identifying the fiber present in the fabric. A rapid solvent extraction procedure requiring about 1 min was used for identifying flame retardant fiber additives and finishes in fabrics. The fabric sample was placed on a KRS-5 crystal, 1-2 ml of a suitable solvent was added and the fabric removed after 30 sec. After the solvent evaporated from the crystal, an infrared spectrum of the residual thin film was obtained by the MIR procedure. Infrared spectra were obtained for 14 flame retardant fibers and finishes in fabrics. These spectra can serve as references for future analyses. As additional flame retardant fibers and finishes become commercially available, their infrared spectra can be obtained by these techniques and added to the present file. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The often unwelcome fact of returns from dissatisfied customers can be of help to garment manufacturers if they regard returns as a source of information. Returns, although not large in number, can provide manufacturers with information about specific areas of customer dissatisfaction not obtainable in any other manner. This paper tells how data from returns, along with that developed from wear trials and laboratory tests, can aid the manufacturer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A method for the characterization of the products of the reaction between wool and formaldehyde is described. The method involves the use of a mild procedure to hydrolyze the formaldehyde-treated wool using digestion with proteolytic enzymes, and subsequent chromatographic separation of the resultant amino acids. Lysine and glutamine side chains have been identified as two of the sites of reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Quantitative analyses of some organic components of dental calculus, a salivary duct stone, a subgingival calculus and a rhinolith are reported. The protein component of all four calcifications is remarkably similar. It is characterized by high contents of glycine, alanine, glutamic and aspartic acids, and low contents of the sulphur-containing amino acids methionine and cystene. Neither cystine nor hydroxyproline were found, indicating absence of keratin or collagen. The carbohydrate components of dental calculus included rhamnose as major neutral sugar, glucose, galactose, arabinose, mannose, glucosamine, galactosamine and glucuronic acid. The presence of rhamnose suggests bacterial origin for part of the sugar but ribose and deoxyribose were not detected. The salivary duct stone contained less carbohydrate than the other calculi. It contained mainly hexosamine, hexuronic acid and galactose with little glucose and no rhamnose. The rhinolith also contained no rhamnose and the principal sugars were glucose and mannose, with smaller amounts of galactose, arabinose, hexosamine and hexuronic acid. The lipid fraction of dental calculus comprised phospholipids, triglycerides, cholesterol esters and free fatty acid. Of the latter which formed the largest lipid component palmitic, stearic and oleic acids predominated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Calcified Tissue Research is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper surveys the use of the computer in the humanities and fine arts, and indicates the relevance of available hardware and software for those applications areas. The first section covers (a) pattern recognition and analysis in art, architecture, music, and literature (with an emphasis upon the latter), and (b) pattern construction, or synthesis, in art, architecture, music, and language. In the second section, data representation and manipulation are described with reference to: first, transformation of the artifact into a form suitable for the computer; second, internal data storage and manipulation; and, third, output. The three types of artifacts dealt with are: aural, or auditory; visual, including both nonalphameric and alphameric forms; tactile. A discussion of data structures and of data manipulation occupies the subsection on internal data storage and manipulation, and the brief commentary on output concentrates on aural and visual modes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Burning rate measurements have been carried out on cotton and on 50/50 polyester/cotton samples in the presence of low to moderate levels of diammonium hydrogen phosphate and/or diammonium tetrabromophthalate. The in iluence of burning mode, i.e., horizontal or top-vertical, on the rate of burning, and effects of bromine and phosphorus on oxygen sensitivity were observed.Low levels of added retardant enhance burning rates under all conditions for horizontal burning. Similarly, oxygen sensitivity is greater for samples treated with either retardant than for untreated samples when burned in the horizontal mode. Top-vertical burning behavior of cotton resembles horizontal burning, but at slower speeds. For 50/50 polyester/ cotton, rate enhancement effects and increased oxygen sensitivity are not observed in top-vertical burning. It is specu lated that these aberrant effects may be attributable to dominance of polyester combustion at the slower burning speeds. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Develops a generalized method of analysis for multistory frames for length changes of exposed columns. A simplified method is then presented for quick, and relatively accurate, solution. Design curves representing a wide range of practical column-to-beam proportions are included. These curves are intended to be used for preliminary design, and in many cases for the final design of the structure. Finally, design stresses, behavior of partitions, and limitations of movement are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A method of evaluation of the punching strength of reinforced concrete slabs is presented and the correlation between punching resistance and flexural strength clearly established. The punching resistance depends mainly on the reinforcement strength as in the case of flexural strength. It is shown that the effect of the concrete strength on punching resistance is of the same order of magnitude as it is on the flexural strength and can be expressed by the factor I -- g/2 used in the analysis of the ultimate flexural strength of reinforced concrete members. The theory is substantiated by test data. The effectiveness of bending up a part of the flexural reinforcement is discussed. It is proved by a series of tests that by bending up a part of the flexural reinforcement the punching strength of flat slabs can be secured. The method is directly applicable to the design of the column region of flat slabs and suitable charts are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A group of four circular silo bins enclosing one intermediate bin, the latter being acted on by the pressure of granular material, is analyzed on the basis of shell theory. The results are compared with those of a simplified analysis in which the system is considered as a plane frame. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Methods of analysis for a projected fixed-ended reinforced 80 deg helicoidal staircase are compared. The methods used are those of Holmes, Scordelis, Morgan, and Bergman. Tests are described on half-scale models under uniformly distributed loading. For a model based on the prototype design a load factor in excess of 4.8 was obtained. When reinforcement against lateral moment was reduced by 50 percent, together with some reduction in main steel, the load factor was 3.6. The use of ultimate strength design based on vertical moments only gave a simple and safe solution for the staircase under study. Proposals for further work in this field are made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The solution of membrane stresses in shells composed of conoidal surfaces is developed and evaluated for guide curves of both quadratic parabolic and semicubic parabolic form. The stress formulas are pre-sented for dead, earthquake, and wind loadings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Calcified Tissue Research is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Calcified Tissue Research is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Calcified Tissue Research is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Calcified Tissue Research is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ricerca in Clinica E in Laboratorio is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Thymic small lymphocytes of dd-mice were qualitatively and quantitatively studied by electron microscopy. Differences in fine structure were revealed between cortical and medullary small lymphocytes. Cortical small lymphocytes are rounded in cell outline with a round nucleus. The cytoplasm surrounding the nucleus as a narrow rim is scanty and appears relatively dense due to an abundance of free ribosomes. The cell organelles are not well developed. On the other hand, medullary small lymphocytes are more irregular in shape with uneven cell membranes. Their nuclei are also more irregular in outline with frequent infoldings of the nuclear membrane. The cytoplasm is more abundant and paler with less numerous ribosomes. The cell organelles are better developed. Quantitative analysis was made of both cortical and medullary small lymphocytes by means of the point counting method. The nuclei of both cortical and medullary small lymphocytes are almost the same in size (a diameter of 4.9 μ). The cell sizes are different between cortical and medullary lymphocytes: cortical small lymphocytes with a diameter of 5.5 μ were smaller than medullary ones with a diameter of 6.4 μ. Cortical small lymphocytes are very sensitive to the destructive effects of hydrocortisone, whereas the medullary ones are resistant. Periarteriolar lymphoid sheath in the splenic white pulp, which is known to be a thymus-dependent area, contains small lymphocytes that were similar in cytological details to medullary small lymphocytes of the thymus. In the light of the recent knowledge about a recirculating long-lived small lymphocyte pool, it appears probable that medullary small lymphocytes represent a contribution to the pool and that small lymphocytes with a long life span can be cytologically identified by electron microscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A theoretical analysis of the knife coating of porous substrates is derived. The purpose of this analysis is to obtain a better understanding of the effects on the penetration of the coat ing material of the knife geometry, clearance between the knife and substrate, rheological properties of the coating material, coat ing speed, and porous nature of the substrate. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Formulas based on the theory of plates are presented for the computation of moments and shears in circular and annular slabs for chimney foundations. The slab is assumed to be of constant thickness, either simply supported or fixed at the chimney wall. Foundation pressure is assumed to vary linearly and exist over all portions of the slab. Results for some typical cases are presented in charts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently developed optimum design methods for reinforced concrete plates and prestressed plates are outlined, and simplified methods for determining the cracking load and ultimate load for optimized prestressed plates are presented. The proposed methods are compared with other design techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive design charts complying to Section 1905(a) of the ACI Building Code (318-63) relating the biaxial bending capacity of rectangular columns to the uniaxial bending capacity by a single parameter are presented. Differences in the behavior of columns due to bar arrangement and steel strengths are noted. An approximate procedure which facilitates the determination of the required size for columns subject to biaxial bend-ing is suggested and evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies are made of uniformly loaded rectangular slabs with two adjacent free edges and rectangular and trapezoidal slabs with the base edge free as used for balcony slabs. Formulas for ultimate load based on yield line theory are derived and moment coefficients for typical cases are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents an iterative method for the analysis of arched frames (or gables) which support shells. These gables differ from ordinary frames in their curved shape and in the way they receive load from the shells. Every continuous gable can be divided into "elementary" frames, having only one joint which is free to move. The method presented, which analyzes the whole frame, makes use of stiffness and carry-over factors, which are easily calculated. The solution is achieved in one operation, in which all moments, as well as all horizontal forces produced at the Joints, are bal-anced. As a result there is no need to set up equations for horizontal displacements. This is important because the degree of freedom for displacement is high with arched frames. Using this method, the real moments and axial forces acting in the continuous gable under various load can be determined, and the eccentricity existing between the shell and gable taken into account. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Describes loading tests to failure on a half-scale model of a symmetrical reinforced concrete slab-type, free-standing staircase. Methods of analysis are compared in the light of experimental results and general design recommendations are made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fabrication and testing of a series of small scale elastic models are presented along with a discussion of the relative merits of the various techniques used. An acrylic plastic folded plate and a filled epoxy hyperboloid of revolution were instrumented with small strain gages while a flat plate and a cylindrical barrel shell of clear epoxy were analyzed by three dimensional photoelasticity. Using the stress freezing method, these epoxy models were sliced and the bending and in-plane stresses were directly obtained from photoelastic readings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Development of criteria for the prediction of thermal stresses in concrete dam construction block during cooling operations prior to grouting is outlined. A new concept is presented concerning the tensile stress within a block which inc I udes the ratio of the height of the temperature transition zone to the base length of the block being cooled. It is shown that high temperature gradients in a concrete block will lead to excessive tensile stresses resulting in cracking of the block. Control of the maximum stress may be achieved through cooling operations leading to acceptable temperature gradients. Several curves are given for prediction of maximum tensile stress as a function of base length, height of temperature transition zone, temperature change, and properties of the concrete. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem of shear wall-frame interaction is investigated by a method which emphasizes the physical interrelationships between the components and minimizes the mathematical complexity. The problem is reduced to that of a cantilever beam supported by concentrated elastic reactions. Expressions are derived to set up a simultaneous equation solution for deflections a} each story. The simplifications and assumptions in the analysis are discussed and procedures for extending the scope of the solution to more complex problems are given. Several examples are considered and compared to solutions by other methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The flexural cracks which form in reinforced concrete beams cause a stress redistribution which results in secondary shear and normal stresses. It is possible to predict this stress redistribution by a simple method based on equilibrium requirements. High secondary shear stresses, which probably contribute to the development of diagonal tension cracks, were calculated to act close to the neutral axis. Also, secondary transverse tensile stresses were calculated within the compression zone and at the level of the reinforcement. It is hypothesized that the horizontal cracks which result from these lateral tensile stresses affect the failure mechanisms of these members. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A solution of an elastic, conducting circular inclusion in an elastic medium subject to a uniform temperature gradient is presented. The problem has several practical applications, but interest on it was focused by the increasing use of reinforced concrete in situations of high temperature gradients, such as nuclear reactor shields. The magnitude and distribution of stresses around a steel reinforcing bar in concrete is studied in somt:' detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rectangular concrete beams were tested to destruction under combined bending and torsional loads. The beams contained only longitudinal reinforcement, and concrete strength, amount of reinforcement, and momenttorque ratios were varied. A theoretical model was developed from the observed failure mechanisms, and was used to check the test results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simplified, yet exact, procedure for the analysis of prismatic folded plates is presented. The ridges are first considered as unyielding supports for the calculation of all transverse moments in the slab. Then they are subjected to unknown loads which constitute the true slab reactions, taking into account the settlement of the ridges. One single moment distribution is sufficient to express the relationship between those reactions. A set of linear simultaneous equations yields their exact values. The method is illustrated by a numerical example. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simplified procedure for analysis of flat plate structures is presented. The results obtained from this analysis are utilized to control behavior in the structure virtually throughout the loading range. The end result is a simple method for directly designing flat plate structures both of reinforced concrete and prestressed concrete, allowing optimum behavior and maximum material economy to be directly obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A direct method for analyzing free-standing stairs with equal upper and lower runs and without landing support is presented for a symmetrical loading case. The method is based on Fuchsteiner's simplification of the stair structure into a space frame composed of linear bar elements. Deformations are calculated from the work integral with the application of the principle of least work; and redundants are determined by solving the elastic equations. Selection of a proper statically determinate system allows a direct approach and obviates the tedious calculation of unknown moments by superimposing different supporting conditions. This selection also allows consideration of both cases of fixed and simple support conditions at the upper and lower floor levels. Introducing two minor simplifications, the method is further developed to include worked-out formulas for the redundants, and design charts are presented which permit the direct reading of coefficients for the calculation of the unknown moments as a function of the geometric properties of the stair and for different loading conditions. The calculation of an otherwise highly complex structure is reduced to a minimum as shown in an example. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents a method for the development, in a usable form, of data relating axial load, moment, and curvature for reinforced concrete cross sections. The method is such that it does not require extensive simplifying assumptions concerning the stress-strain relationship for the concrete and the reinforcement. The method is applied to several cross sections, and information is presented and discussed concerning the relationship between axial load, moment, and curvature. The effect of several cross-sectional parameters on this relationship is also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents a simple, approximate analysis for various types of shear walls widely used in present engineering practice. The continuous system method is used and the integral shear forces in the continuous connections of individual piers are chosen as the statically redundant functions. Deformations due to bending moment, the contribution of normal forces in the piers, and shear forces in the connecting beams are taken into account. Deals primarily with the problem of a concentrated lateral load at the top of the wall; formulas for a distributed loading are given, but without derivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

computer program, written for the IBM 7090 computer, is described which determines the internal forces, displacements, and reactions in a simply supported, multiple-cylindrical shell subjected to a set of known loads and boundary conditions. The structure analyzed may consist of up to 25 circular shell segments joined along their longitudinal edges. The program uses a direct stiffness solution in matrix form to analyze the multiple shell system and the formulation is based on the DonneiiJenkins shell equation. Results obtained using the computer program are presented and used to discuss the effect of a number of variables in the design of multiple cylindrical shells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development and detection of major transverse cracks in a mass concrete gravity dam is traced from the construction period through several years of project operation. Methods for determining the extent and size of a principal crack in one block are described. The results of structural behavior instrumentation observations showed the crack widths have not changed substantially, that the structure exhibits an elastic response to live loads and temperature variations, and that there has been no apparent change in the stability of the structure during the past 10 years. Application of the finite element method in the theoretical stress and displacement analysis of a cracked and uncracked gravity dam section is described. Results show stress concentrations of the order of 500 psi for the most unfavorable conditions of loading and specific crack height, and that only a moderate increase in maximum stress, to about 600 psi, will exist even when no limits are imposed on crack height. Norfork Dam is considered to be safe, with a single transverse crack existing in most spillway monoliths, under normal loading conditions which may be expected. Provisions are being made to limit adverse hydrostatic pressures beneath and within the structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of the American Concrete Institute is the property of American Concrete Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Data are presented which show the correlation between flexural strength of concrete beams and tensile splitting strength of concrete cylinders. The concrete mixtures were made with a number of different aggregate types and cements. Cement contents ranged from 4½ to 7 bags per cu yd of concrete. Comparative cylinders and beam specimens were made from the same concrete batches, and tested after moist curing for 7, 14, 28, and 90 days. The test results indicate that there is a good correlation between the flexural strength of concrete beams and the tensile splitting strength of concrete cylinders made from the same concrete. Data also are presented which show that the established correlation is suitable for determining flexural strength of concrete pavements from tensile splitting tests of cores drilled from the pavements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this essay is to identify the research area of psychophysiology by abstracting the goals and methods from reports which this author believes are properly called psychophysiological. The general goal of psychophysiology is to describe the mechanisms which translate between psychological and physiological systems of the organism. Specific goals are to identify and describe the physiological processes directly relevant to such psychological constructs as drive, motivation, attitude, emotion, and their modification by learning. Findings include the description by physiological patterns of several emotions, sleep, dreaming, hypnosis, psychiatric and psychosomatic conditions. Principles conceived are individual, stimulus, emotion and attitude specificities and the law of initial values. The progressive theme of psychophysiological method has been to extend measurement to more covert behavior with decreasing interference with the organism. Methods and special problem areas are reviewed under the categories of (a) the stimulus situation, (b) observation (sensors, recorders, signal transformation), and (c) analysis, synthesis, and interpretation. The major unsolved technical problem is the automatic detection of artifact. The chief theoretical problem is to "break the code" by which the organism translates between experience and physiology. The psychophysiological method is seen as having useful application in classification and training for motivational abilities and stress tolerance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Woven and knit polyester, polyester/Cotton and cotton fabrics can be analyzed for phosphorus flame retardants by nondispersive x-ray fluorescence. Commercial instrumentation incorporating an Fe-55 isotope source, a helium atmosphere, a proportional counter and a single channel analyzer is used. The fabric is placed over the irradiation source and Counted. A background correction count is obtained With untreated fabric and the milligrams phosphorus is read from a current calibration curve prepared With permanent fabric standards. Then the percent phosphorus is calculated after the weight of the counted area is derived from the total fabric area and weight. After analysis, the intact fabric is available for burning rate studies or further tests. With an alternative procedure, disks cut from the fabric with a circular die can be analyzed. Errors from chlorine and other elements are eliminated with a balanced filter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses the strength design requirements of ACI 318-71 and some questions concerning the limits of Section 10.2.7 and compares design using parabolic and rectangular stress block methods in satisfying Section 10.2.6 requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]