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The article presents information about the wholesale wallpaper trade in the United States. The author presents a brief overview of the history of the U.S. wallpaper trade and census records of the industry's earning in 1849. Statistical information related to earnings and growth in the wallpaper industry are presented. A discussion is presented about the differences between wallpaper wholesaling and the distribution of other commodities, specifically the difference in marketing strategies used by buyers and distributors of wallpaper. Various trade organizations related to the wallpaper industry are mentioned.

The article presents an in-depth analysis of the archives of the Brown family, collected at the John Carter Brown Library at Brown University. In it the business activities of the family from the 18th to 20th centuries are charted. Comments are given highlighting the historical value of the papers, citing their remarkable comprehensiveness for such a long period. Issues addressed within the collection include records of business conditions and transactions during the Revolutionary War, the transitions in international business networks after the war, and the family's Western frontier land speculation ventures during the 19th-century.

The author comments on the papers by economists Robert H. Rasche and Leonall Andersen. The aim of the author is to demonstrate why the research conducted by Rasche and Andersen presents an important professional event and the analytical problems this event raises. It is explained that the event the author references is the establishment of monetarism as "conventional wisdom." In Andersen's research he attests to the legitimacy of the monetarist succession by citing the now-familiar litany of impressive empirical research results achieved at the St. Louis Federal Reserve Bank. Rasche's research demonstrates that the FRB-MIT-Penn Model has to incorporate what the author takes as being the critical structural element of monetarism.

Investigates the effects of paper recycling on economics. Campaign on the paper recycling legislation; Concept of saving trees; Implications of paper recycling for the supply-demand conditions.

The article discusses points contained in the research papers of mathematician L.V. Kantorovich. There is little in either the Soviet or the Western literature in management, planning, or economics available in 1939 that could have served as a source for the ideas in this paper, in the concrete form in which they were presented. From its own internal evidence, the paper stands as a highly original contribution of the mathematical mind to problems which few at that time would have perceived as mathematical in nature-on a par with the earlier work of von Neumann on proportional economic growth in a competitive market economy, and the later work of Dantzig well known to readers of Management Science. Recently Kantorovich has published a book, "Economic Calculation of the Best Utilization of Resources," in which it is proposed that linear programming methods be applied in nationwide planning for the Soviet economy. This has already given rise to a lively debate in Russian economic and planning periodicals.

The author comments on the usefulness of a monetary commission in the United States. The author cites the work of economists, Robert Z. Aliber, William G. Dewald, and Scott Gordon. It is suggested that the economists do not take a position on the question of the prospective usefulness of the monetary commission. The author asserts that they should have used a cross-sectional study of a number of commissions according to type. The author also expresses criticism towards the authors for not offering ideas for the formation of a new commission.

Presents a series of abstracts on various topics of economics published in the March 1964 issue of the periodical 'Oxford Economic Papers,' vol. 16. Appraisal of short and long term competition from the point of view of businessmen; Overview of limits to a firm's rate of growth; Assessment of various aspects of dynamic equilibrium; Techniques for the structural analysis of the growth of an economy.

Presents information on various articles related to economics, published in the July 1963 issue of 'Oxford Economic Papers.' Reexamination of open-market operations; Diagrammatic analysis of effects of buffer fund stabilization; Tariff for the bulk supply of electricity; Marginal efficiency of capital.

Presents information related to several abstracts on economics published in the February 1962 issue of the journal 'Oxford Economic Papers.' Examination of India's third five year plan; Marginal rate of saving in the Indian economy; Indian balance of payments policy and exchange auctions.

This article presents a list of books on economics. The Growth of Word Meaning, by Jeremy M. Anglin. Individual Goals and Organizational Objectives: A Study of Integration Mechanisms, by Jon H. Barrett. Early Retirement: The Decision and the Experience, by Richard Barfield. Economics of Poverty, by Alan B. Batchelder. The Economics of the Ghetto, by Carolyn Shaw Bell. The Economics of Poverty, by Peter M. Blau and Richard A. Schoenherr. The Struggle for Significance, John H. Brennecke. The Later Years of Childbearing, by Larry L. Bumpass and Charles F. Westoff. Community Development As a Process, edited by Lee J. Cary. Changes in Differences in Earnings and Occupational Status of Men and Women, 1947-1967, by Vernon T. Clover. Urban Leadership in the Sixties, by James V. Cunningham. The Idea of a New University: An Experiment in Sussex, edited by David Daiches. Cultures in Crisis, by James F. Downs. Human Development and Cognitive Processes, edited by John Eliot. Emerging Teacher Education Curricular Models: Fourth Annual National Vocational-Technical Teacher Education Seminar, Proceedings, edited by Edward T. Ferguson. The Concept of Self, Kenneth J. Gergen. Race and Races, by Richard A. Goldby.

Comments on the articles published in the March 1971 issue of the `Journal of Economic History,' which deal with economic development. Differences of Olmstead's papers from Davis and Payne; Role of New York City's mutual banks as investors.

Presents a series of abstracts on various topics of economics published in the July 1964 issue of the periodical 'Oxford Economic Papers,' vol. 16. Analysis of the nature of disguised unemployment; Development of a model to study the effect of labor supply on the economic growth of a country; Appraisal of the restriction of industrial expansion in South-East England.

Presents information on various articles related to economics, published in the March 1963 issue of 'Oxford Economic Papers.' Genesis of the pricing system in electricity supply; Relativity between investment, technical progress and economic growth; Graphical solution to second order homogeneous difference equations.

This article presents a commentary an a paper regarding household income and expenses of African-American families. This assumption of the family as the unit of analysis fails to account for the fact that nonwhite families on average are substantially larger than white families and thus the income accruing to nonwhite families is spread over a greater number of people. In 1968 the Census reported that the mean income for a nonfarm white family was $10,172, while the mean income for a nonfarm black family was $6,503, implying that black family income was 63.9 percent of the white level. In 1968 the mean family size of a nonfarm white family was 3.58 members, while the average nonfarm black family had 4.31 members. Clearly black family income must be adjusted to account for larger families. Economists utilize income data as measures of economic welfare primarily because these data are the most readily available. Income data alone do not give a complete picture of economic achievement, much less economic welfare, because they fail to consider the net wealth position of various families. A strong net wealth position is an important source of economic welfare to a family because it permits the maintenance of consumption expenditures in times of interruptions in income flows due to temporary factors such as unemployment or illness.

Comments on several articles about the mechanisms for discrimination in a market economy and the economic basis for sharecropping. Relationship between market incentives and racism; Economic and racial structure of public policies.

Comments on several articles related to trade and imperialism. Criticisms on the quantitative losses computed by author Scott Eddie for Hungary.

Discusses F.Y. Edgeworth's writings concerning political economy. Value and distribution; Monopoly; Money; International trade; Taxation; Mathematical economics.

This article presents the author's view on George Stigler's paper debunking the effects of economic conditions on electoral results in the United States. I view Stigler's paper as a healthy antidote to conventional wisdom and a refreshing contrast to the frequent practice of computer-users of running regressions until they find something significant. Nonetheless, I believe there is more to the relation between voting behavior and general economic conditions than meets the jaundiced eye, and I am particularly concerned that Stigler's criticisms should be correctly interpreted as dropping the gauntlet--and not a wet blanket--on research in this area. I do not share his negative presumptions about the satisficing model in general or its applicability to voting behavior in particular. To use his example of a 3 percentage point increase in the unemployment rate, it tells us far more than the extra number of people unemployed at a moment of time. It also means that an extra 12 percent of all adult male workers will have experienced some costly spell of unemployment within the preceding year. Without a reliable theoretical guide, the specification of favorable economic conditions becomes a matter of hunch and taste. In the final section of his paper, Stigler sets forth as an alternative a long-memory model of how macroeconomic performance might influence voters. Unlike the Kramer satisficing voter who sees the two parties only as ins and outs, the Stigler long-memory voter has a definite perception of Republicans and Democrats.

This article focuses on papers discussed at the round table meeting on "the teaching of elementary economics" on December 30, 1949, at New York. Since the movement toward a general course in the social sciences seems to one essential it would be useful at this stage to collate the experiences of the hundred institutions now engaged in offering such a course. Fortunately both the American Economic Association and the American Political Science Association are engaged in a survey of this field by questionnaire and interviews. It is already clear, however, that the general course can be expected to follow no set formula. Its content and emphasis will vary from college to college with the abilities, interests, and philosophies of the staff members, and with the financial resources of the institution. One do not consider such diversity unfortunate. It is fragmentation and compartmentalization which are making the teaching of the social sciences increasingly ineffective in the light of social integration today. The closest integration will continue to recognize the infinite diversity contained in the fundamental unity of society.

Presents a series of abstracts on various topics of economics published in the July 1964 issue of the periodical 'International Monetary Fund Staff Papers,' vol. 11. Role of International Monetary Fund in the expansion and contraction of international liquidity; Problems in compilation of gold and foreign exchange statistics; Description of economic conditions of Liberia.

Presents information related to several articles on economics. Career profile of economist Fleeming Jenkin; Capital goods, technology, and economics growth; Unbiased productivity growth and increasing costs; Economies of scale and the structure of the road haulage; Development of the Indian economy.

Presents information related to several abstracts on economics published in the June 1962 issue of the journal 'Oxford Economic Papers.' Real balances and consumption; Idle balances and the motives for liquidity; Theory of balances growth; Economic development with unlimited and limited supplied of labor; Theory of inflation and growth in underdeveloped economies based on the experience of Latin America.

The article presents information about the program of the American Economic Association Meeting. In programs of the annual meetings of the American Economic Association for the five years 1950-54, persons from the economics departments of fifteen academic institutions delivered 114 out of a total of 210 papers, or 54.3 percent. When papers delivered by people outside the academic field are excluded it is found that of 156 papers originating in colleges and universities these fifteen institutions were responsible for 73.1 percent. Only a few organizations outside the academic field were able to reach the more than two papers category. There was a substantial amount of duplication by individuals from "big 15" universities. Sixteen persons delivered two or more papers, accounting for a total of 37 of 161 papers originating in colleges and universities. These sixteen scholars also served as discussants 6 times. Two of them delivered as many as four papers each in five years, full staffs of only eleven colleges and universities did as well or better.

In two papers and in a recent book I have presented theory and evidence which lead to the conclusion that a corporation's share price (or its cost of capital) is not independent of the dividend rate. As you may know, MM (Modigliani and Miller) have the opposite view, and they argued their position at some length in a recent paper.3 Moreover, the tone of their paper made it clear that they saw no reasonable basis on which their conclusion could be questioned. Since they were so sure of their conclusion, it would seem advisable for me to review carefully my thinking on the subject, and this meeting appears to be a good time and place to do so. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the publishing of economic papers and its impact on graduate faculty ratings. Three studies of the institutional affiliation of authors of economics papers appeared in the American Economic Review. Economist D.B. Fusfeld examined the origins of the participants in the program of the American Economic Association meetings over the five-year period 1950-54. He concluded that a disproportionately large number of papers came from the Big 15 schools. There was an almost complete absence of papers from the nation's liberal arts colleges, where the economist is more likely to have a broad approach to his subject instead of emphasizing the intense specialization characteristic of the large graduate schools. He observed that the methods of selecting speakers are inadequate, and recommended that the Association improve the method of organizing the annual meetings to broaden the participation base. A follow-up study by F.R. Cleary and D.J. Edwards reviewed the institutional affiliation of contributors to the American Economic Review for the decade 1950-59.

This article focuses on the beliefs and practices of Robert Torrens in the field of economics, particularly his views on monetary matters. In the paper of 1826, Torrens' thought was in an intermediate position between its early and final forms. He was still extremely clear about the dangers of convertibility. At the same time he already accepted the need to make the currency fluctuate in response to external pressures as a metallic currency would do, and to provide a better safeguard against over-issue than that provided by the real-bills doctrine. But he did not want a complete parallel between the fluctuations of the paper currency and those of a theoretical metallic one, hence his desire to link the paper to the modal value of gold. Moreover, he still felt that a currency plan should have safeguards against panics, and do more than merely avoid those fluctuations to which a less well-designed scheme of currency would be liable. The 1826 plan would have been an important link in the development of this powerful and original thinker even if it had been short lived. But there is a strong possibility that it stayed with him for some time. This scheme was certainly one to which Torrens devoted considerable care and thought, and it is an interesting link in the development of an important economist.