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This article focuses on the inaugural conference of the International Peace Research Association (IPRA) held at the University of Groningen in the Netherlands in July 1965. There were participants from 23 countries representing 19 disciplines. 19 papers were read. The Polemological Institute of the University of Groningen was host to the conference. In addition to sessions for presentation of papers, two business meetings were held. The first was the opening session of the conference, at which secretary-general B.V.A. Roling presided over the election of a conference committee and reviewed the history of IPRA, going back to the meeting in 1963 at Clarens, Switzerland, of scholars of the East and the West concerned with peace research which gave rise to the committee, Conferences on Research on International Peace and Security.

Copyright of Demography (Springer Nature) is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper summarizes the findings of several investigations in the Netherlands of factors related to the adoption of improved farm practices and the general progressiveness of farmers. In many respects, the socio-economic characteristics differentiating more and less progressive farmers are the same as in the United States. The education of the farmer and his membership in farm organizations and cooperatives were related to his progressiveness even when other factors were held constant. The farmer's general style of living was also so related. It appears that the progressive farmer in the Netherlands not only quickly adopts modern farm practices, but that in many respects he is also a more "modern" type of individual. The hypothesis is stated that his frame of reference is better adapted to present circumstances than that of the less progressive farmer, whose frame of reference is more or less out of date, and that the backward farmer has feelings of inferiority, suspicion, and distrust which prevent him from adopting a more functional frame of reference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the paper presented by Dr. Pahl zu on social conditions in the Netherlands. With admirable clarity, displaying an extensive knowledge of the relevant literature, he has demonstrated that the traditional concept of the rural-urban continuum is more an obstacle than a help in the work. Of course, this conclusion as such is not new, as Dr. Pahl himself has shown in his review of recent literature. Any sociologist who has used the concept in his work, has come sooner or later to the finding that one or more elements did not fit in the construct. Whatever the criteria chosen for characterization may be, there is always the case to be found of an urban group behaving 'rural' and of a rural group being 'urban', or, worst of all, one finds rural and urban characteristics within one group or individual. With the description of the situation in 'urban villages' and with the examples taken from studies made in the developing countries, in which all sorts of discontinuities between the urban and the rural come into the view, Dr. Pahl has found strong support for his statements. It is clear that a typology of settlements, from the small to the large, can never form the basis for a continuum which classifies social structures.

The article presents information on the Proceedings of the Second World Congress for Rural Sociology, which was held in August, 1968 in Enschede/Drienerlo, the Netherlands.

The article provides information on the International Town-Planning Congress organized from July 2-9, 1924 in Amsterdam in the Netherlands. The congress was arranged by the International Garden Cities and Town Planning Federation. Over 600 members attended the congress representing countries from all over the world. The volume of reports and papers is not only of good quality, but also included an increasing range of vision and promise. From drainage to open spaces and nature reserves and from transport to satellite towns, each paper was treated in a comprehensive regional fashion. Also the contributions were presented in Associated Exhibition of Plans, held in the city's galleries, which vividly illustrated the growing advance of large-scale treatments. One of the most important aspects that emerged at the congress was economic vision, as it was no longer in the terms of the "price-system" which has so long suffocated economic thought, but on the lines of "life-system," whereby economics can alone attain deliverance and renew progress.

In this paper the effect of a fulvic acid fraction on the growth of a Pseudomonas sp. from fresh water is reported. The presence of fulvic acid in the culture medium caused an increase in the cell yield and in the cell yield per μl O2 taken up by the Pseudomonas. The observed stimulating effect has been explained in terms of co-metabolism of fulvic acid by the Pseudomonas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper will be an analysis of Dutch social structure, particularly in one of its key dimensions: the overall importance of religious institutions and ideologies. It will be argued that, in contradistinction to developments in most other comparable industrial societies, religious institutions and ideologies occupy a central place in the social structure of the Netherlands. Dutch social structure, is best characterized in terms of vertical columnization or vertical pluralism called verzuiling--which does not have a direct English equivalent. Pluralistic societies elsewhere are usually characterized by linguistic, racial and political lines of division in addition to those of religious ideology. Religious distinctions result in a division of institutions and activities into Catholic, Protestant and humanistic/neutral columns of social organization. Perhaps, however, the most striking evidence of non-differentiation of religious influence can be seen in the field of labor relations and politics.

This paper presents some empirical evidence, for Belgium, the Netherlands and France, on the so-called 'administrative inflation' hypothesis. The hypothesis might be defined as saying that price increases are higher in more concentrated industries, given positive changes in demand and costs. Empirically speaking, it implies that, for a cross-section of industries, wholesale-price changes are a positive function of concentration ratios, for given increases in demand and unit costs. Although any relevant evidence would be an interesting contribution to the present discussion about the Common Market's antitrust policy, the hypothesis has never been confronted-to my knowledge-with data from European Economic Community (E.E.C.) countries. The evidence presented in this paper is limited to the 1958-65 period, because of the difficulty in collecting comparable data form earlier years. As we were more familiar with Belgian data, Belgium was selected as a test case to detetmine the most appropriate empirical specification of the hypothesis. A few changes in Weiss's approach proved to be beneficial and are discussed in section it together with the data and results obtained for Belgium. In section III, results for the Netherlands are compared with the Belgian evidence on the basis of an analysis of covariance. Section IV introduces France while the last section draws some conclusions as to the validity of the hypothesis in a European framework.

This paper examines the impacts of laws and property right assignments on the organization of economic activity in the Netherlands. Nonexclusivity in consumption threatens the familiar free rider problem that discourages the production of public goods in optimal amounts. State, commercial, and pay broadcasting are organizational forms that derive from differences in the structure of property rights and the cost of transacting in markets. A closer look at Dutch broadcasting clubs provides support for the relevance of the by-product theory. By law, the production of a programming guide is the exclusive right of such clubs. This suggests that the monopoly element in exclusive production rights to programming guides protects broadcasters from nonclub suppliers only and does little to suggest why more than one club should share two-thirds of all listener-viewer households. Since membership size produces revenues beyond club dues, there is some incentive for clubs to subsidize subscription purchases. Employers and employees are prohibited by law from unilaterally terminating an employment contract without the express permission of the relevant district director of labor affairs. Because of this law, use of the market, via hirings and layoffs, as a means of varying its utilization of labor resources entails a special cost to the firm. Another, if somewhat novel, substitution away from unilateral employment termination is investment by firms in job search on behalf of their workers.

The article presents information on microfiche, a piece of flat transparent film for reproducing pages or documents in microform. In a normal size print the title of the piece appears at the top of the long side of the sheet. The microfiche is made by means of an automatic step camera developed in The Netherlands by J. Goebel. The microfiche is made by means of an automatic step camera developed in the Netherlands by J. Goebel. This step camera can reduce up to twenty-five times. The book, or other text to be reproduced, is placed on the bookholder above which there is a glass plate.

This paper is an attempt to relate the broad theory of the demographic transition to the specific population history of one country, insofar as this can be ascertained from incomplete and faulty data. Four conclusions are drawn: (1) The population of the area presently defined as the Netherlands has undergone a large more or less continuous increase since the beginning of the modern era. (2) Net migration probably had little effect on population growth. (3) The decline in mortality was not sufficient before the last decades of the 19th century to account for the increase in numbers. (4) There was a rise in fertility, following the breakdown of institutional and moral inhibitions to procreation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper the author adds some further empirical tests of his theory of income distribution. This theory (cf. this Review, Series 16, Number 3, September 1970, p. 221 ff) sees income distribution as the distribution of prices of production factors, especially labour, of different quality and prices as the effect of demand and supply factors. The quality of labour is represented only by the number of years of schooling. Its supply is described by the actual numbers of people having each of the possible years of schooling; this frequency distribution can be characterized by its average and by some measure of its dispersion or by one of its deciles (in particular the highest) expressed in terms of its median. The demand for the various qualities of labour can be supposed to be reflected by (i) total demand for commodities, but (ii) more accurately by the percentage of third-level educated people used in and weighted by the size of the four main sectors of production: agriculture, manufacturing, trade and transport, and other services. Extensive material collected and reworked by Professors B. R. Chiswick for the U.S.A. and Canada and T. P. Schultz and L. S. Burns with H. E. Frech III for the Netherlands is used in cross-section tests to explain variations in income distribution in the states of the U.S.A. and the provinces of Canada and the Netherlands. The results can be found in the tables. While further increase and smaller dispersion in years of schooling, according to some of the findings presented, would only moderately reduce the degree of inequality in the U.S.A. and Canada, more result seems to possible according to other findings, including those for the Netherlands. In the latter category the second demand index mentioned above has been used. This paper is one of several devoted in various ways to the testing of the same theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Sociologia Ruralis is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper deals with the extremely high birth rate of Roman Catholics in the Netherlands, a rate which is considerably higher than that of Catholics in other countries living under similar circumstances. The fertility of Catholics living on either side of the Dutch-Belgian and Dutch-German frontier was analysed and the same analysis was applied to Protestant frontier districts. One of the important factors making for high fertility proved to be the religious élan of the Catholics, which derived from their position as a strong minority. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents reports and documents on money and banking. Andrew MacFarland Davis has added a supplement to the origin of the national banking system. The proceedings of the international conference on bills of exchange, held at the Hague, Netherlands during June 28 to July 15, 1910, have been published as a government document. This includes the report of the American delegate, Charles A. Conant, a summary of the discussions at the several sessions and the papers submitted by the several delegations, several of which deal with the history of the law of exchange. In I 909 Massachusetts passed an act authorizing the establishment of credit unions, the first law enacted in the United States for this purpose. In order to encourage the formation of such associations the Bank Commissioner has issued a pamphlet Credit Unions in which there is a brief statement of the history and principles of foreign credit associations. Other recent publications of the National Monetary Commission are "The Bank of issue in Italy," by Tito Canovai, general secretary of the Bank of Italy, with an article by Professor Ferraris and Banking in Russia, Austro-Hungary, the Netherlands and Japan.

This article reports that the European Society for Dermatological Research and the Society for Investigative Dermatology will hold their second joint meeting in the RAI Congrescentrum in Amsterdam, Netherlands during June 9-13, 1975. Attendance at the scientific sessions will be open to all members, contributors and guests. Non-members who wish to present a paper are kindly requested to submit an abstract. They will be invited to attend the meeting as either contributors or guests.

The article presents a profile of the researchers who contributed their research papers in the September 1970 issue of the journal "Sociologia Neerlandica." Some of the researchers whose articles are published in this issue are: Jan Berting, Henry George Surie, Osmund Shreuder, A.D. Nooy, Johan Willem Schoorl and Philippe Cornelis Stouthard. Jan Berting, who contributed the second paper in this issue, graduated in political and social science from the University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands in 1959 and obtained his doctorate from that university in 1968 for a dissertation in sociology. His special interests are social inequality, the sociology of work; particularly work satisfaction and motivation, and sociological theory. Another researcher, Henry George Surie graduated in sociology and geography from the University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands in 1967. His special interests include the sociology and the modern history of South-East Asia, on which subject he is at present writing his doctoral dissertation.

Presents a reply on the comments regarding planning in the Netherlands. Clarification of the geographical location of Amsterdam; Defense for the incorrect spellings in the article; Truth in the statement that Port of Rotterdam is much larger than Amsterdam.

This article focuses on the Seventh International Congress of Accountants held in Amsterdam, Holland. The program of this event, which is held every five years, was filled with interesting and unusual features. The Dutch people extended their traditional hospitality to all the visitors at the Congress and brief introductions soon ripened into friendships. The Congress was attended by about 2,850 delegates and visitors coming from 40 countries and representing 140 different accounting organizations. Thirty-one formal papers were presented by experts from 13 countries. Eight additional countries were represented on the panels. Four official languages were used: English, Dutch, French, and German. The 31 formal papers had been written months ahead of the Congress, translated into the four languages mentioned above, then printed and mailed to each delegate last June. The authors did not read their speeches at the meeting. The 31 authors, plus several more delegates, were divided into six panels of about twelve to fifteen men each. The six panels, meeting at varying times during the week, discussed the following subjects: Principles for the Accountants' Profession, Verification of the Existence of Assets, Budgeting and the Corresponding Modernization of Accounting, The Internal Auditor and the Internal Audit Function, Business Organization and the Public Accountant Ascertainment of Profit in Business

The railway bridge at Dordrecht (Holland) can be raised to let big ships pass through. This takes place according to a fixed daily time schedule derived from the railway timetable. The waiting times of the ships depend on the number and the duration of these openings, the headway of the unraised bridge (changing on account of tidal effects), and the traffic supply. In this paper the dependence of the waiting times on the above-mentioned factors is quantified by means of a Monte Carlo simulation procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The section of "Industrial Applications of Textiles" focuses on several applications of textile fibers. It is mentioned that nonwoven polyester fabric can be used for making temporary roads. Bidium is a polyester fabric, which can be used to form a road over a muddy site. It is stated that large quantities of textile fabrics are used to prevent the erosion of the beds of water channels in the Netherlands. It is mentioned that textiles can also be used for providing insulation against noise. A patent describes that bonded mineral fibres can be used for thermal insulation.

The article focuses on the development of the well defined branch of medical science, Dermatology, in Netherlands. According to the author, it was developed by a group of pioneers in the second half of the nineteenth century wherein most doctors are not willing to devote their full energy in the study of skin diseases as the subject is very rare. The development was followed by a trend to medical specialization and was recognized as an important specialty in the early twenties of the century.

Investigates Dutch investment in France from 1781-1787. Developments identified by a survey of the financial history of the country; Economic impact of growing war and post-war expenses; Credit worthiness of the monarchy during the 18th-century.

In recent years various studies of a religio-sociological nature have supplied numerous data relating to the catholic and protestant diaspora. These data have not yet been integrated in general sociological systems. Influenced especially by German organisations which have concerned themselves with the dispora since the last century, a specific knowledge of the diaspora has been evolving, but this is dominated by the theological element. For the interest in protestant circles see the periodical "Die Evangelische Diaspora" appearing since 1919, and the chair established at Leipzig University in 1934 to study diaspora problems. On the catholic side there may be mentioned the Johann Adam Möhler Institut für Konfessions- und Diasporakunde, at Paderborn, which collaborates closely with the St. Bonifatiusverein. The Catholic Institute for Social-Ecclesiastical Research in the Netherlands and the Catholic Centre for Social Research at Königstein/Ts, Germany, have made various religiographic studies in recent years on the catholic diaspora in the Netherlands, Germany and Scandinavia. In the U.S.A., important works have appeared on relations between catholics and protestants (among others by Will Herberg, J. Kane et al.), which show interesting analogies with European studies. Reviewing progress of the still fairly heterogenous socio-scientific study of diaspora phenomena, the question is raised of the possibility of integrating the facts described in a theoretical system. The theoretical work by R. K. Merton, regarding his system of functional analysis, can be examined to see if it can serve as a theoretical framework for studying the diaspora. As regards Merton's question of observability reference is made to the special difficulty in this respect inherent in the diaspora. Although, sociologically, the study can be confined to parishioners known as such, the question arises whether the diaspora with its geographically widespread parishes does not especially require non-parochially integrated baptised catholics to be included theoretically in the diaspora structure. In the Province of Friesland in the Netherlands, in parishes with 300-800 parishioners there were found to be 100 or more baptised not parochially registered. A complicated question, too, is that of the existence and meaning of personal attitudes to the diaspora. The dilemma is given between social absorption in the over-all environment and the creation of an individual environment. For the forming of the faithful in the diaspora the choice will depend largely upon the value attributable to the religious content of the over-all environment. It would also seem to be profitable to apply the concepts "functional" and "dysfunctional" to the diaspora. Positive functions rest in the Churches' Oecumenical consciousness. In the individual Church the diaspora may act as the territory pre-eminently suitable for pastoral experiments and for activating help to fellow-believers. But the diaspora may also have a dysfunctional effect relatively to the Oecumenical idea: for considerations of security the position of the majority church may be painted too darkly. Besides, isolation may be so great that the approach is sought solely for the sake of approach without sufficient care to the fundamental theological aspects. For analysis of the diaspora phenomenon, Merton's concept of functional requirements is also profitable. The diaspora demands special intensification of contacts, particularly with the "other Christians", puts great emphasis upon moulding of the personality and of the group. Important, too, are special organisational arrangements in the light of the social mechanisms indicated by Merton. One may recall in this connection the recent formation of the diaspora diocese of Groningen in the Netherlands. The extent of the diaspora parishes also calls forth the question of establishing auxiliary churches. The family becomes especially important to religious training (catechism), and so does a weekly periodical where the extent of the group precludes their having their own daily paper. Finally, attention is drawn to the limits of action of the diaspora system: these limits form the structural context. Possibilities in the diaspora are limited as regards facilities for education, medical care, cultural contact, etc. Economic factors may encourage mixed marriages to an exceptional degree in the diaspora. Positive action by the clergy is possible in all these respects only with the assistance of bodies and organisations outside the diaspora. The application of functional analysis can be expected to deepen insight into the phenomena of the diaspora and to help to make investigation of the very complicated diaspora situations in Northern Europe, both catholic and protestant, more effective for the study of the pastoral methods required in varied ways in the diaspora. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the success of the Perskantoor Van Het Algemeen Nederlandsch Verbond, an international protest movement in Dordrecht, Netherlands during the Anglo-Boer War from 1899-1902. It discusses how South African Republic Ambassador doctor W. J. Leyds organized the propaganda in early middle November 1899 with the help of grammar school teacher H. J. Kiewiet de Jonge. It says that Kiewiet and Leyds have consigned the German edition, "Ein Jahrhundert voller Unrecht" to the wholesale merchant Eiffe from Hamburg, Germany. Furthermore, the Perskantoor has not only published and distributed informative pamphlets internationally but also provided pro-Boer groups in Germany, England and France with brochures for further use.

A basic assumption of the Cornell Mobility Model insofar as it is relevant to inter-community migration is that an individual's propensity to move is a function of, among other things, his length of residence in the community. Parameters of the functional relationship of migration probabilities to duration status are estimated from migration histories for a sample of residents in Monterrey, Mexico, and compared with estimates reported by P. A. Morrison using data from Amsterdam, The Netherlands. In both data sets a negative nonlinear relation of the probability of migrating to duration status, as well as an interaction between age and duration status, is found. Values of parameters describing the relation within age groups differ sufficiently between the two data sets, however, to suggest that further specification of conditions under which a particular form of functional relation will obtain is necessary if the model is to be useful in migration research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents information related to several articles on economics. Relation between unemployment and the rate of change of money wages in Canada; Input-output volume and value predictions for the Netherlands from 1948-1958; Relationship between aggregate consumption to wealth.

This paper is concerned with input-output predictions of primary demand in the Netherlands. Authors consider three primary sectors, imports, wages and gross profits. The number of industries distinguished in the Netherlands input-output publications is 35. The input-output predictions are tested against a simpler prediction device. This device consists of applying the base year ratio between primary demand for a given primary sector and aggregate final demand to aggregate final demand in the year for which the prediction is made. The input-output predictions used in the study are only conditional predictions. In real life situations, final demand will have to be predicted in a higher order prediction procedure. But aggregate final demand can be split up in two ways. It can be split up according to the producing industries. The resulting vector is often called the final bill of goods. For the Netherlands, ten consecutive input-output tables are available for the years 1948-1957. From these tables most data needed to make the primary demand predictions are derived. The mean square prediction errors resulting from the four different prediction procedures are shown and it concludes that mean square prediction errors increase, in general, with increasing time span. Gross profits are predicted better than imports and wages.

Salt marsh deposits are developed along many tidal flat areas, lagoons, bays, etc. They are characterized by small thickness, special sedimentary structures, high organic content, growth of phanerogamous halophytes, and often by scarcity or absence of microfauna. A graphical representation of a section at Ameland (The Netherlands) is given, as well as radiographs of a sandy (Ameland) and a clayey (California) marsh sample. Little structural difference exists between the two. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article deals with the recent widespread increase in marriage rates in the Western world. A convenient method of studying aspects of the recent history of marriage is provided by easily available data regarding the proportion of single persons at various dates. The article uses these data to disentangle two effects in the marriage boom: the extent to which the cohorts whose marriages have formed the main contribution to the marriage boom are marrying more, i.e. whether the proportion who will ultimately remain single is likely to be lower than in previous generations, the extent to which the mean age at marriage of these generations is likely to fall below that of their predecessors. The raw material for the computations to be presented consists of the proportions single at two recent dates for each of thirteen countries used in the study. The countries included in the study are Czechoslovakia, Denmark, England and Wales, France, Ireland, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, Australia, New Zealand, and the U.S. The study from the proportion single shows that both reduction in the age at marriage and an increase in the proportion marrying at least once in the course of their lives is occurring in several countries.

The article focuses on the Netherlands Sociological Society. The Society was founded in 1936. Its original intention was to bring together the practitioners of the various social sciences to study each others methods and results. The society holds a meeting twice a year, at which two or three papers are presented which are subsequently published in the form of a yearbook. The society, which numbers over seven hundred members, also has three work groups in the field of industrial sociology. Finally, it has taken the initiative in publishing "Sociologia Neerlandica." The year 1963 has been a very important one for the Netherlands Sociological Society. For in the course of this year the reorganization committee instituted at an earlier date concluded its activities by the submission of a report. In this report directives are given for an entirely new policy, in which the members will be more closely concerned and by which the aim of the Society "to promote sociology as a science" will be pursued in a more varied fashion.

The need for systematic research into African problems was, in the Netherlands as elsewhere, increasingly felt after World War II, when the non- industrial world began to grow in importance. As a result, the interdisciplinary Africa Study Centre was founded in Leiden in 1947; it became a national foundation in 1958. The aims of the Study Centre are: (a) to promote the study of Africa, especially in the field of the humanities; (b) to promote the co-operation of all Dutch institutions engaged in the study of Africa; and (c) to promote the spread of academic knowledge about Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article presents information about the Institute for Modern History and Sociology of South-East Asia in Amsterdam, Netherlands. It began in 1956 with the objective to impart to the advancement of knowledge of, and research on the modernization processes in history and sociology of the Southeastern and Southern Asian countries. The center was directed by Dr. W. F. Wertheim, a professor of the Modern History and Sociology of Southeast Asia at the University of Amsterdam. His staff has been composed of both graduate and undergraduate affiliates including J. B. Waney and O. D. van den Muijzenberg. As part of the program, they included topics such as social stratification, demography and rural problems in their courses and seminars.

The article presents information related to an educational grant, a call for papers for a conference, and a library. It informs that the U.S. National Endowment for the Humanities has awarded a grant of $29,172 for the academic year 1973-74 to Robert I. Burns. It also information about an invitation to scholars to present their papers for an historical conference on "Europe in Security in the Locarno Era," which will take place on October 16-18, 1975. Moreover, the article also reports on the research materials present in the Library of the Peace Palace at the Hague, the Netherlands.

The article presents a profile of the authors who contributed their research papers to the January 1971 issue of the journal "Sociologia Neerlandica." Jenny De Jong-Gierveld, who contributed the introductory paper in this journal, is a graduate from the Free University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. She obtained her doctorate from the faculty of social sciences of that university in 1969 for a dissertation. Her special fields of interest are research and policy-making in respect of persons living alone, and of the unmarried in particular, and methods and techniques of social science research. Another author, Willem Zweers, graduated from the University of Utrecht in 1963. His field of interest includes the sociology of art, culture, knowledge and scientific research, and is at present writing a doctoral dissertation on the problems of communication in modern art. A.D. Nooij, another author who contributed his paper, is a graduate from the University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands. His interests include sociological research methods and the sociological background of agricultural policy.

The International Sociological Association is holding its Third Congress in Amsterdam, Netherlands, August 22-29, 1956. The general topic is "Problems of Change in the Twentieth Century." Between 400 and 500 scholars are expected to attend. For the first time there will be a substantial number from Russia and Eastern Europe. Some 20 United States sociologists are on the program. A grant from the Ford Foundation to the International Sociological Association of $10,000 to be used for travel expenses to those contributing leading papers is making possible representation from many parts of the world. The Netherlands government and the City of Amsterdam are being most generous. They have made available a meeting place and are extending lavish hospitality.

Presents several books on economic policy of Netherlands. "Dimensional Analysis for Economists," by De Jong F. J.; "The Theory of Quatitative Economic Policy With Applications to Economic Growth and Stabilization," by Fox K. A., Sengupta J. K. and Thorbecke E.; "Business Cycles and Manufacturers' Short-term Production Decisions," by Moriguchi C.; Others.

The Society for Investigative Dermatology and the European Society for Dermatological Research are holding a joint meeting from May 17-19, 1972 in Amsterdam, Netherlands. The purpose of this meeting will be to serve as a forum for the presentation of original dermatological research papers. All the presentations in the meeting are required to be in English. Also, the Aspen Conference for Dermatologists, being sponsored by the Rocky Mountain Dermatological Society will be held on July 22, 1971.

This article investigates the incidence of a large number of mites on part of a consignment of Acidanthera corms in Holland in January 1952. It was found that the mite was probably a new species and large numbers of corms were examined for further infestations. The mite was found in corms with Botrytis Rot in three out of six separate consignments inspected. Some time later a single Gladiolus corm showing the Core Rot phase of Botrytis Rot was also found infested with the mite. In both the Acidanthera and Gladiolus corms the Botrytis Rot was found to be caused by Botrytis gladiolorum Timmermans.

In view of serving as a forum for the presentation of original dermatological research paper, The Society for Investigative Dermatology and the European Society for Dermatological Research would hold a joint meeting from 17th to 19th May, 1972, in Amsterdam, Netherlands. At the Annual General Meeting of the British Association of Dermatology it was recommended that a Willan Fund should he opened for voluntary contributions. Dr. Miles T. Havyatt has been elected Fellow of the Royal Australasian College of Physicians.

Presents updates on sociological studies as of October 1951. Appointment of the Reverend Raymond E. Bernard at the magazine "Social Order"; Details of the Third International Conference on the Sociology of Religion held in Breda, the Netherlands in March; Information on the visit of several Japanese religious leaders to Loyola University in the U.S.

Comments on the article entitled "Levels of Planning in the Netherlands," published in the December 1968 issue of the "Annals of the Association of American Geographers." Inaccuracies of the article; Inconsistency in the spelling of the names of places; Views on the change in Dutch economy.

This article presents a study on poplar canker in the Netherlands. Five series of inoculation experiments proving the role of bud scale scars, stipule scars and leaf scars in infection of poplar by Aplanobacter populi are described. In addition, details about the development of the buds and development of the shoots in the clones 'Brabantica' and 'Candicans' are given. The experiments, moreover, clearly demonstrate that the inoculation method applied in previous experiments did not take into account the natural mode of infection by Aplanobacter populi.

Examines the relationship between aggregate supply of output and price level in Netherlands. Interaction of demand and supply of labor; Keynesian nature of the labor supply; Illustrations of well-known international trade models.

Presents a theoretical and empirical analysis of the monetary sector in Netherlands. Demand of the public on currency and deposits; Behavior of the banking system; Impact of changes in the monetary instruments on the endogenous financial variables.

This article provides a historical account on arbitration of the Netherlands. Early mercantile arbitration on the American continent is usually assumed to have been derived from English common law and the experience of English merchants and guilds. But there were also Dutch colonies during the 17th century, and their tradition was traceable to Roman Law, by way of the Netherlands. In the course of exhaustive research, the author may have found the earliest example of a woman serving as an arbitrator. It appears that back in 1662, a dispute arose as to whether a woman had been paid properly for making linen caps. The issue turned on whether she had performed her job without excessive spoilage. A court appointed another woman as an expert arbitrator to inspect the linen caps and settle the parties' case. The history of arbitration among Dutch colonies convinces the author that it was superior to that of the English common law.

This article discusses the Navigation Acts laid upon the North American colonies in the decade preceding the outbreak of the Revolution and continental tobacco market in the eighteenth century. The counterfactual situation proposed is that in 1770 no laws influenced the flow of goods from the U.S. to the prospective markets. Tobacco could have been shipped directly to continental ports. A decrease in transportation costs would have resulted in bigger sales which per unit would have brought higher incomes to the suppliers, presumably growers and merchants alike. It is assumed that the continental tobacco market theoretically can be represented by an equilibrium model which is based on unitary elasticity. The two poles of this framework are the markets of Philadelphia and Amsterdam, thought to be representative for the situation on both sides of the Atlantic. Assuming the ratio of prices in Philadelphia and Amsterdam to have been roughly the same in 1790 and in the counterfactual situation of 1770, the counterfactual Amsterdam price and quantity sold can be estimated.

The present study attempted to test Holland's theoretical notion that two variables, intelligence and self-evaluation, summate with equal weight to determine occupational level. Data regarding vocational choices, intelligence, and self-evaluation were collected from a sample of 170 subjects and predictions were then made of the subjects' occupational levels using Holland's formulation. Predictions of level based on Holland's theoretical assumption were significant beyond the 0.01 level of significance. The value of his contribution was further demonstrated by additional analyses of the data which suggested that in this portion of his theory new light has been shed on some significant variables related to the level phenomenon. Cautions necessary in interpreting the findings, and some suggestions regarding future research were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study regarding the fusarium wilt of cucumbers in Great Britain. Isolation of the species of Fusarium from cucumbers with wilt or root rot symptoms is being done in various countries, and to provide wilt control on infested nurseries, Cucurbita ficifolia has been recommended and used as a rootstock in Netherlands. The study shows that grafting does not offer great advantages as a technique, but can be of great importance on nurseries where fusarium wilt has become established.