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The article discusses the historical differences which have characterized the pulp and paper industry and the stevedoring industry on the Pacific Coast from 1934 to 1948. The International Brotherhood of Pulp, Sulphite and Paper Mill Workers and the International Brotherhood of Paper Makers represented workers in the pulp and paper industry. The two unions negotiate jointly with the Pacific Coast Association of Pulp and Paper Manufacturers in a meeting which usually is held annually. The differences in the nature of the two industries and what they have contributed to the record of peace in the one instance and of conflict and warfare in the other are considered in the article.

The article describe the shop steward-training program of the International Brotherhood of Pulp, Sulphite and Paper Mill Workers which is operated jointly with the International Brotherhood of Paper Makers. Due to the emergence of trade unionism throughout the U.S. industry, new needs and new jobs were created for international unions. The objective of the training of union stewards in the pulp and paper industry is to stimulate activity among the men and women who represent the local union. The activity will depends upon the local union and the location of the community.

This article presents a position paper on program evaluation, submitted to the Association of Departments and Administrators in Speech Communication. There is a need for administrators to do all they can so that career opportunities become available to holders of degrees in speech communication. They can retain the values of education for life at the same time train students for careers. This assumption is crucial to the maintenance of significance and worth of a university education as opposed to vocational training. Preparing people to do what is required of them in a career of specific nature and preparing them to decide what they must know and be able to do at some unpredictable future as a result of learning accomplished in a given course or curriculum are not quite the same objectives in the system of program evaluation.

Presents the title and abstracts of papers presented during the 1934 annual meeting of the Association of American Geographers held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Increasing significance of geographic conditions in the growth of nation-states; Erosional history of the wind river range, Wyoming; Long-lot farm and economic in public services.

Presents a list of titles and abstracts of papers regarding geography presented to the Association of American Geographers from 1904 to 1910.

This article presents abstracts of papers presented at the 1964 Annual Meeting of the American Society of Criminology in Montreal, Canada, on December 28-30, 1964. The paper entitled Father-Daughter Incest: Treatment of the Family, reports on the treatment of twenty families with the problem of father-daughter incest where the father did not serve a prison sentence but was placed on probation. The paper entitled Evaluation of Records in Delinquency Research, focuses on the Southern California Records Matching Project which deals with the manner in which the records of delinquency adjudicating agencies at the local level maybe linked with Federal Census Records in order to maximize the efficiency of data collection and analysis. The paper entitled Juvenile Court Judge's Institute, summarized attacks on the Juvenile Court from any quarters, the weaknesses that inspire these attacks, and the crucial role that the Juvenile Court has to play in spearheading the introduction of personalized justice in the administration of the criminal law. The paper entitled A Spectrum of Sexual Problems Found in an Out-Patient Setting, focuses on the Forensic Clinic which was established in 1956. It is an out-patient division of the Toronto Psychiatric Hospital operated by the Ontario Department of Health under provincial statute.

This article presents a position paper on personnel evaluation. Because formalized, systematic evaluation is everywhere a part of college and university life, the Association of Departments and Administrators in Speech Communication feels it may be useful to identify measures of productivity suitable for speech communication faculty members and administrators. A systematic, periodic evaluation should be used in determining salary increases, tenure, promotion and termination. Such evaluation should serve primarily to improve the quality of an individual's teaching, research and service. The system of evaluation should be clearly stated to a prospective faculty member at the time of hiring, and reviewed periodically.

The article informs that the American Standards Association (ASA) approved on February 27, 1950 the American Standard Method for Determining Residual Thiosulfate and tetrathionate in Processed Photographic Papers sponsored by the Optical Society of America. The ASA classification is Z38.8.25-1950, and the UDC 77.023. The Standard contained in an eight page leaflet may be secured from the American Standards Association Inc., 70 East 45th Street, New York 17, New York, at a cost of $0.35 (thirty-five cents). From the same source a free list of all standards approved to date, including 142 dealing with photography, is available.

The article shares the author's thoughts on the review of the papers presented to the Association of Mental Deficiency in the U.S. in the past ten years. He relates that it has seemed best to present abstracts of the papers without adding special comments. He expresses his gratitude to the librarian, Hazel Catlin, for helping him prepare the abstracts.

The article deals with three agreements signed by the United Wall Paper Crafts of North America in New York City. This association was established by a consolidation of two smaller national unions which are the National Association of Machine Printers and Color Mixers of the U.S. and the National Print Cutters' Association of America. The first contract deals with printers and color mixers and covers 300 mechanics in 19 industrial areas. The second deals with 125 printer cutters in a single factory. Lastly, the third contract covers 150 print cutters employed in the shops of print-cutting entrepreneurs.

This article reports that the members and friends of the American Society of Criminology desiring to present scholarly papers at the 1964 annual meeting of the Society in Montreal, Canada should let their intentions be known no later than May 15, 1964.

This article presents the position paper on consulting service. The committee appointed to study the matter of a consulting service recommends that the Association of Departments and Administrators in Speech Communication take immediate steps to implement such a service and make it available to schools and departments requesting advice about speech communication problems. It is felt that requests for such service might come from departments initiating their own self-evaluation studies, administrative levels above the departments and professional organizations.

The article presents the summaries of the papers presented at the British Association of Dermatologists Fifty-fourth Annual Meeting, 1974 and Franco-British Reunion. Koilonychia is most commonly seen as a sign of iron deficiency anaemia. It also occurs as an isolated congenital anomaly, as a temporary normal phenomenon in young children and in association with Raynaud's phenomenon. The pruritus of obstructive jaundice is thought to be due to bile salt retention. The correlation between serum bile salt concentration and pruritus is poor however, and so far as we know, the effect of the individual bile salts on the skin has never been tested.

This article highlights the 5th International Criminological Congress of the International Society for Criminology to be held in Montreal, Quebec, from August 29 to September 3, 1965.

This article presents the recommendations submitted by the Committee on Faculty Exchange to the Association of Departments and Administrators in Speech Communication. Exchanges between faculty of member institutions must be encouraged and promoted by the association. Faculty exchanges must be for a period of one semester; the possibility of longer exchanges should be considered as well. The salary of the exchange faculty must be paid by his home institution lest his retirement insurance and other benefits be adversely affected. Where possible and feasible, arrangements to exchange housing should be encouraged.

The article introduces the theme of the articles featured in the issue. The main topics in all the papers presented in the issue revolve around study of various aspects of voluntary associations. The study of voluntary associations involves three separate theoretical concerns. The first, and perhaps oldest of these, focuses on the nature and structure of society, especially industrial society. A second theoretical interest in voluntary associations is social psychological in emphasis; here voluntary associations are examined for what they can tell us about the nature of the person in contemporary society. Finally, voluntary associations may be studied within the framework of organizational theory with a focus upon associations as the units to be studied. Four of the papers in this issue are directly concerned with the problem of the contribution of voluntary associations to the society in which they exist. Most studies of voluntary associations implicitly suggest that such groups are integrative.

The article presents information about the program of the American Economic Association Meeting. In programs of the annual meetings of the American Economic Association for the five years 1950-54, persons from the economics departments of fifteen academic institutions delivered 114 out of a total of 210 papers, or 54.3 percent. When papers delivered by people outside the academic field are excluded it is found that of 156 papers originating in colleges and universities these fifteen institutions were responsible for 73.1 percent. Only a few organizations outside the academic field were able to reach the more than two papers category. There was a substantial amount of duplication by individuals from "big 15" universities. Sixteen persons delivered two or more papers, accounting for a total of 37 of 161 papers originating in colleges and universities. These sixteen scholars also served as discussants 6 times. Two of them delivered as many as four papers each in five years, full staffs of only eleven colleges and universities did as well or better.

The Southern Policy Papers are issued by the Southern Policy Committee for the purpose of stimulating interest in questions of public importance in the South. In the announcement concerning the series, the Committee states that it "does not necessarily approve of or agree with opinions expressed in the papers.' For those who perhaps do not know of the Southern Policy Committee, it should be noted that it is a comparatively recent organization, with a General Committee and local Committees in several of the Southern states. It seems to be designed essentially as an action group, principally "to encourage the formulation and recommendation of desirable public policies whether by groups or individuals, and as a means to this end to encourage persons who possess the proper qualifications to undertake political activity ; and, to extend the discussions begun in local committees to the surrounding communities for the purpose of preparing the general body of citizens for more intelligent and socially-minded political action, and for the purpose of forcing political leaders to face the real issues involved.

The article examines the doctorate programs in science education of the U.S. According to the author, the Association for the Education of Teachers in Sciences (AETS) should establish some statement of minimal standards for the doctorate programs. Procedures for approval and disapproval of the standards should also be devised by the association. In science education, doctorate program graduates can be employed in several tasks such as department heads, test development heads and advisory services overseas. A committee can also be establish by the AETS to investigate and clarify the diversity of the doctorates in field of science education.

The article presents the meeting schedule for The Institute of Management Science (TIMS). The 13th International meeting will take place in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, from September 6-8, 1966. Warsaw, Poland, will host the European Section meeting from September 2-7, 1966. The American meeting is scheduled for April 5-7, 1967 in Boston, Massachusetts. Detailed meeting information is provided.

The article announces the incoming Christmas Holiday meetings of Section Q of the American Association for the Advancement of Science wherein the International Council for Exceptional Children is invited to participate. It likewise invites readers to contribute their suggestions, opinions or comments.

This article presents the papers to be discussed at the annual meeting of the Rural Sociological Society in East Lansing, Michigan on September 5, 1956. At the session, each author will present a brief summary of his paper; after each summary there will be first a discussion by members of a panel, and then a general discussion from the floor. The three authors discuss values held by people in the Far East, Latin America, and the Middle and Near East, respectively, in relation to the technical cooperation programs intended to initiate social and technological changes which will improve the well-being of host countries.

This article is a report on the status of minorities and women in sociology. In 1971, at the request of the American Sociological Council, participation by women and blacks in sociology was first assessed. That report affords a base for adding more data to assess the changes, if any, in the degree of participation by minority and women sociologists in the opportunity structure of the discipline. The concern with minorities in enlarged this year to include data on Asian Americans, Chicanos, American Indians, and Puerto Ricans, as well as with black sociologists. Along with women, these groups represent the focus of attention of two active committees formed by the ASA Council: the Committee on the Status of Racial and Ethnic Minorities in the Profession, and the Committee on the Status of Women in the Profession. The level of response, along with problems of definition, involving comparability of categories, indicates that this report may best serve as a working paper suggesting questions for more refined research. Hopefully, also, it will stimulate cooperation between the ASA and all departments of sociology to develop more reliable and valid accounting procedures so that better data on minorities and women may be routinely collected in the future. This hope is based on the assumption that facts about the number of minorities and women in sociology will promote their participation and enhance the quality of the entire sociological enterprise.

Highlights the Third European Weed Research Council Symposium on New Herbicides held in 1969 in Paris, France. Papers on herbicides submitted at the symposium.

The article presents information related to the 1968 meeting of the Ohio Valley Sociological Society which is to be held in Detroit, Michigan from May 2-4, 1967. Ohio Valley sociologists who wish to submit papers may correspond directly with the following, who have agreed to organize and chair sessions. The sessions would be on topics like collective behavior by Professor Arthur G. Neal, complex organization by Professor Mark Lefton, culture and personality by Professor Gordon J. DiRenzo, demography by Professor H. Theodore Groat, family by Professor Edwin L. Livel, and others.

Presents news and announcements pertinent to the Western Speech Communication Association (WSCA). Candidate for office proposed by the Nominating Committee of the WSCA; Program highlights for the 1974 WSCA Convention; Rules for the Annual Executives Club Debut Papers Award.

The article presents a memorandum of the Royal Medico-Psychological Association on the Second Green Paper on the future of the National Health Service in Great Britain. The association aims to coordinate the National Health Service and the Local Government services and welcome the participation of legal professionals and consumers. Policies concerning the management are given more importance rather than the daily administration activities. Furthermore, a single authorities should be recognized in each areas of the Health Service, including the social work and medical services.

Presents an update on the field of gastroenterology as of January 1967. Schedule of meetings of the American College of Gastroenterology; Winners in the 1966 Roger Awards contest; Election of auxiliary officers of the college.

Copyright of Sociologia Ruralis is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The section of "Laundering and Dry-Cleaning" focuses on the innovations made in disposable items. It is stated that the traditional tissues, throw-away paper napkins and handkerchiefs are being replaced by other disposable items, including panties and bed linen. Some of these products are capable of being washed a few times. The Clothing Group of the Textile Institute discussed the manufacture of disposables at a seminar. It is also stated that although disposables remain a threat to laundries, a mutually satisfactory arrangement can be worked out between them.

Manuscript data and criteria for the October 1971 issue of the "Decision Sciences" are presented. Members of the editorial board are listed together with their affiliations. A table of content is also given. The editorial policy and objectives of "Decision Sciences," the official journal of the American Institute for Decision Sciences (AIDS), are discussed. AIDS is an organization committed to promoting the development and application of quantitative methodology to functional and behavioral problems or administration by providing a forum for the exchange of ideas, experience and information among those who teach in collegiate schools of business and among those who have a special interest in the development and use of quantitative methodologies. The message of the last article of Albert J. Simone as periodical editor is discussed. Simone formally turn over the editorship responsibility to Professor William S. Peters.

The article focuses on the press and public opinion in Great Britain, discussed at the Conference of the British Sociological Association in 1955. The first influence on the policy of a paper will be its tradition, which is a vital part of its goodwill as a business. Next important factor is the readership's character and the circulation. A paper that is read standing in the train, giving special attention to the interests of women, punters and filmgoers, will not have space to inform its readers adequately about foreign affairs. Third in the list of influences in a newspaper office comes the experience, educational background, sense of responsibility of the editor and his editorial staff. Whatever the policy of the paper, their special interests and bias will be reflected in it. The next factor to consider is contact with readers. The newspaper can influence the reader by a multitude of stories, ideas, recommendations and services. The reader can only refuse his pennies. Circulation is, of course, very important. Without it advertising dies, and the paper dies with it. But generally speaking, the paper's attitude in foreign affairs will be a secondary factor in the reader's choice of reading.

President of the American Sociological Society Louis Wirth is planning for a Section on Contributed Papers for the next annual meeting that is to be held in New York from December 28 to 30, December, 1947. Although this Section is particularly de- signed for those younger members of the Society, including graduate students, who have not yet had an opportunity to appear on the pro- gram in other sections, contributions from other members of the Society will be welcome. Since this Committee is working closely with the Committee on Research, it is being urged that members who have completed research papers suitable for oral presentation and which do not fall within the scope of other Sections be offered for consideration in the Section on Contributed Papers.

The article reports on the solicitation of technical papers by the International Nonwovens & Disposables Association for its second technical symposium to be held at the Shoreham Hotel in Washington D.C. from March 5 to 6, 1974. The association sought unpublished papers on manufacturing process, raw materials, and the resulting properties of non-wovens for both durable and disposable products. The association set August 15 as a dateline for the submission of titles of proposed papers accompanied by a 200-word abstract.

A conference paper pertaining to the history of the American Marketing Association is presented. According to the author, the association's first meeting was held in Chicago in 1915 where members of the Associated Advertising Clubs of the World were meeting for their annual convention. The author also discusses the formation of the association's publication, the "Journal of Marketing," in 1934.

On behalf of the Committee in charge of the Section on Sociology and Social Work, the author, as chairman, has the privilege to present to the readers of the periodical "Social Forces," the papers and discussions presented at the meetings of the Section held in Chicago in connection with the meetings of the American Sociological Society, December 26-29, 1919. The special issue of the periodical last June which printed the papers read at the meetings of this Section in 1917, was so well received that it was decided to publish these papers again as a unit and the writer wishes to take this opportunity to express his thanks and appreciation to the editors of the periodical for making this possible. In preparation for the meetings of this Section for 1928 a questionnaire was sent to all members of the Society who indicated an interest in this section, asking their advice on subjects to be treated during the 1928 sessions and for suggestions as to persons who might be called upon to present papers as well as those who might discuss them. It was indicated in the questionnaire that those in charge of the program of the Section were desirous of having the papers based on actual research which had been completed or was being carried on in the various fields of interest to sociology and social work. The response to the 350 questionnaires was wholehearted and generous.

This article evaluates studies on accounting theory, conducted by a committee of the American Accounting Association in 1973. The most striking feature of the papers is their similarity. They are essentially two versions of the same work. Both preliminary papers consist of two principal sections: the nature of theories in the physical and social sciences; and the classes of accounting theories, as the authors are able to distinguish them. All of the papers survey pertinent works by mathematicians, philosophers and scientists, and conclude that accounting qualifies as an empirical discipline.

The article reports that a position paper on education for nursing has been published by the American Nurses' Association. Generally, it proposes that education for those who work in nursing should take place only in institutions of learning within the general system of education.

The present article is by way of a report of a grant by the Russel Sage Foundation-not exactly an evaluation report, since the authors involvement in the event would make them suspect as judges, but rather a personal report of what occurred and the meaning that can, or should, be attached thereto. The Public Relations Committee appealed for cooperation from paper-readers, asking them in advance whether they would want a press interview in Miami. The paper by Robert Parke, Jr. and Paul Click, discussing the "marriage squeeze" resulting from the post-war baby boom, led all others in amount of space given to it. The American Sociological Association (ASA) therefore, both in its administration and in its membership, should have little concern for improving the "image" of sociology in the public eye, but it should have great concern for increasing the level of sociological information among persons outside, as well as within, colleges and universities. The fact is, however, the ASA structure has no device for handling communication with the public in more than fortuitous ways. As long as "press coverage" at conventions begins only a few weeks before the event and ends promptly at the last session, it is doubtful that success in this realm can ever be more than smooth public relations.

This article presents information on the report of the Committee on Public Relations of the American Sociological Society as of February 1, 1942. The work of the Committee on Public Relations has continued during the past year, along the two lines it followed in 1940. This has consisted of interpreting each number of the periodical "American Sociological Review" as it appeared to appropriate representatives of the newspaper and magazine press, and of facilitating the press coverage of the Society's annual meetings. The Committee has continued to follow a broadly representative policy in handling of materials from the periodical "American Sociological Review" and the papers for meetings. To serve adequately the Society and its speakers, the Committee needs to be in a position to advise reporters that a given paper is too technical for popular interpretation; or to furnish reporters with several suitable paragraphs from the paper; or to supply reporters with a rather complete press review of the paper. The Committee does not want reporters to feel obliged to cover meetings themselves.

This article presents information on American Personnel and Guidance Association's convention held in Las Vegas, Nevada. The 1969 APGA Convention in Las Vegas will officially open Monday morning, March 31, 1969, and conclude on Thursday noon, April 3, 1969. All general sessions during the Convention will be morning sessions. Proposals should be sent directly to the appropriate Divisional Program. When programs cut across division lines, they may be submitted to the Program Chairman of one of the divisions involved or to the Program Coordinator for assignment to a Divisional Program Chairman. APGA members are invited to submit research papers for programs under the theme, "Research Papers." Papers will be invited to present their papers at these `Convention programs in order to communicate to the practitioner the latest discoveries relevant to the personnel and guidance field. Presenters will be asked to bring reproductions of their papers for pass-outs at the sessions. Individual presentations to the audience will be no longer than five minutes, during which the researcher will state his problem, succinctly describe design, state his hypothesis, present his findings and conclusions.

The article presents an announcement and meeting details of the Joint Meeting of the Econometric Society and the Institute of Management Science in Warsaw, Poland, from September 2-7, 1966.

Highlights the scientific meeting held by the Swiss Society of Analytical Psychology at University of Freiburg on October 1960. Subject of the meeting; Introduction of the subject by speaker C. A. Meier; Committee members who were elected during the meeting.

Presents an overview of the International Study Meeting on Selective Weed Control in Sugar Beet Crops in Paris, France on March 9 to 10, 1967. Information on commercial and state-sponsored organizations that participated in the meeting; Factors which influence the efficiency of herbicides; Overview of discussion papers presented during the meeting.

The Executive Committee of the Society for the Study of Social Problems approved a plan to pre-publish papers to be presented. The special problems committees of the Society are encouraged to share in this, although it will be by decision of each committee. It is planned that all of the presentations on the two symposia will be pre-published. Papers to be pre-published must be submitted not later than April 15, 1958. An expanded version of some of the papers will be printed in the journal "Social Problems." Probably the majority will be mimeographed and distributed before the annual meeting to the membership at cost. Not later than a month after distribution of the papers those who wish to be considered as discussants will submit a criticism of the paper. From these the committee chairmen will select persons to serve as discussants, although they may ask others to serve in addition. Each discussant will be given about seven minutes. The aim is to provide a maximum amount of time for discussion of the presentations.

The article focuses on the paper introduced by Henry Collins, "The Papers of the London Corresponding Society in the British Museum From Additional Manuscripts 27808, 27811-15, 35142-43." One can but welcome the decision to make the papers of the London Corresponding Society in the Francis Place Papers at the British Museum available to a wider audience. Collins introduces the papers with a brief note on the history of the London Corresponding Society followed by comments on people and items of interest mentioned in each manuscript. Collins was an excellent choice as his balanced comment on Place demonstrates to the reader preparing to consult the notes for the history of the Society which Place intended to write.

Reports on developments pertaining to speech communication in the United States and Canada. Executive club of the Western Speech Communication Association; Plans of the Speech Communication Association's Commission on International and Intercultural Communication to publish an "International and Intercultural Communication Annual"; Interpreters Theatre Alliance's plan to hold the Seventh Annual Festival "Propinquity '74," on April 10 to 12, 1974.

The article presents news briefs concerning the Australian Society for the Study of Labour History. The report of the fourth general meeting of the society, a response by E. W. Peters, president of the Victorian Branch of the Australian Labour Party, to the article "Australian Labour and Foreign Policy," by E. Andrews in an issue of the journal "Labour History," and the preservation of the personal papers of Australian labour figure Doctor H. I. Jensen are discussed.

Presents news notes and announcements involving the Rural Sociological Society. Highlights of the 1971 annual meeting of the Rural Sociology Section of Association of Southern Agricultural Workers; Call for papers for the 1971 annual meeting of the society to be held in Denver, Colorado on August 27 to 29, 1971; Programs and projects of the society.