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Procedures for qualitative and quantitative paper chromatography of lipides have been described in detail, together with some practical applications. With the monochain lipides it was found that one developing system serves universally. The long aliphatic chains essentially determine the chromatographic properties so that suitable conditions for chromatographing any lipide or lipide-like entity are predictable. For the same reason total analysis of natural mixtures cannot be done on one paper chromatogram due to superpositions. For complete analysis of natural mixtures of fatty acids it is advisable at the present time to combine paper chromatography with some other separation method. Distillation supplements best but requires gram quantities of material while paper chromatography is applicable on gamma or milligram scale. Chain-length analysis by paper chromatography and low-temperature chromatography have been introduced and are promising methods to approach a completely micro method for analyzing complex mixtures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article comments on two papers which discussed the problems of insurance regulation. The patterns of insurance regulation have emerged in a desultory and disjointed fashion which do not fit into the orderly, rational structure of the academic mind. In this connection, I find the paper of Professor Belth on Insolvency in the Context of Life Insurance Regulation to be a highly theoretical discussion of rather involved technical life insurance concepts. The speculative and highly academic treatment of these life insurance issues seems a long way from the real world in which the average life insurance man lives. Whatever validity there is to Professor Belth's thesis it is a little puzzling to see it developed as part of the structure of a rational regulatory system. Essentially, Professor Belth tells us that the standards for maintaining solvency in the life insurance business result in a considerable amount of fat or surplus, which is acting as a drag on the life insurance business in its efforts to compete with other financial institutions for the savings dollars of America. In the property and casualty field, the standards for establishing and measuring solvency are frequently under attack because they are not sufficiently stringent to achieve the goals desired--namely, to prevent company failures.

This section presents abstracts of research papers presented at the 1963 Annual Meeting of the American Society of Criminology.

This article reports that the members and friends of the American Society of Criminology desiring to present scholarly papers at the 1964 annual meeting of the Society in Montreal, Canada should let their intentions be known no later than May 15, 1964.

Several behavioral scientists have contributed to special issues of the "Decision Science" journal. K. MacCrimmon and J. Siu tackled the significant problem of modeling and measuring and individual decision maker's inevitable trade-offs. The authors find that the choice mode consistently exceeds the equivalence mode in its predictive accuracy. R. Duncan's paper examined possible determinants of the structure of decision units within organization. A. Delbecq studied contextual variables affecting decision making in program planning. Lastly, V. Vroom and A. Jago wrote a paper about decision making as a social process.

The article presents a study on "The Channel Tunnel Project" by the Department of the Environment which aims to encourage the forms of cross-channel link as alternatives to a railway tunnel. The tunnel expects to perform in transporting cars and lorries between Folkestone and Calais, and running for ordinary trains. It also helps air and lorry transport to burgeon which protected by the absence of an effective rail alternative.

The article reports on the paper, "Audit Recommendations and Management Auditing: A Case Study and Some Remarks," by Neil C. Churchill and empirical research of the audit process. The author feels that there are generalizations in Churchill's paper that came outside of the empirical research he did. Also, the samples used to generate a description of general auditing were so limited that the definition of auditing is not as general as it was intended to be. Churchill bases his study on an internal auditing situation rather than an independent audit which presents a rather substantial difference.

This article presents information on the Langton Papers that are a collection of letters written during the years 1831 to 1838 to Joseph Langton, manager of the Bank of Liverpool. Apart from highlighting the views of a leading banker on some of the monetary problems of the 1830s, the Langton Papers reveal a rift in the management of the Bank of England. They expose the dangers in the use of such phrases as "the Palmer regime" when referring to this period. About half of the Bank directors did not agree with scholar J.H. Palmer's views as to the extent of the Bank's responsibilities during an internal pressure. Given the lack of uniformity amongst contemporary economic theorists, these differences are what one would expect. Scholar George Carr Glyn's proposed solution meant a fundamental change in the structure of the Court and its relationship to the government. As Bank directors, his parliamentary commissioners were to represent and safeguard the public interest: a theme, albeit in a different form, to be discussed again in the 1860s. But this solution could only be useful in the context of a generally accepted meaning to the term public interest when applied to monetary policy. A third point worthy of note is that, in conducting their policy towards the American trade, the Bank directors were conscious of the crisis conditions that policy was sure to produce on both sides of the Atlantic, even though it was carried through by only a bare majority.

Succinate dehydrogenase flavocoenzyme (‘SD-flavin’), previously shown to be an 8α-substituted riboflavin derivative containing a tertiary nitrogen homoconjugated to the flavin nucleus, was subjected to further hydrolysis and to reduction under acid conditions. Both conditions resulted in the liberation of 1 mole of histidine per mole of flavin. This proves histidine to be the covalent link between flavin and peptide backbone in succinate dehydrogenase and imidazole to be the tertiary nitrogen function homoconjugated to the flavin. 8α-Histidyl-riboflavin has been synthesized starting from riboflavin chemically and shown to be completely identical with the natural product in optical, ESR and NMR spectra, pH-fluorescence curve and behavior on thin-layer and paper chromatography, as well as paper electrophoresis. [This equation cannot be represented into ASCII Text] 3. Both the natural compound isolated by acid hydrolysis of flavin peptide and the synthetic one contain two isomers, which may be separated by high voltage electrophoresis. The isomers appear to be the N(1)- and N(3)-imidazole substituted compounds. Digestion of the flavin peptide with aminopeptidase M yields only one isomer but on treatment with 6-N HCl this is gradually converted to a mixture of the two isomers. The absolute assignment of the natural isomer is suggested as 8α-[N(3)-histidyl]-riboflavin on the basis of imidazole quaternization with CH3I, reductive cleavage of the flavin-imidazole bond and identification of the methyl-histidine liberated as 1-methyl-histidine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a discussion of Gardner Patterson's research paper. The reviewer presents comments on terminology and the other is a matter of emphasis. The point of terminology has to do with the concept of mandatory saving. This type of saving means a reduction in consumption forced on people by an increase in prices. The author states that it is important to note how much additional money an economy is able to absorb in deciding how much deficit financing can be undertaken without risking inflation.

This article highlights the 5th International Criminological Congress of the International Society for Criminology to be held in Montreal, Quebec, from August 29 to September 3, 1965.