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The article reports that the art and science of recording illustration and text is a vital instrumentality in what is sometimes referred to as civilization. Research and developments in printing, photography and in Photronic Onset are rooted in the need to advance the science and craft of accurate recording, with or without printing plates. Photography requires wet chemicals, considerable time to process a negative and print on paper, and to dry both negative and paper. There is a wide range of requirements for the reproduction of copy for many purposes in commercial, educational, and governmental business systems.

The article explores the Affair of the Pentagon Papers concerning the "dead issue" of the Vietnam War. It asserted that the Papers bear reach evidence that parts of the Department of Defense and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) felt that economic and political pressures at home were preventing the U.S. government from taking the steps that were physically within its powers, to smash the rising Vietnamese resistance. It stated that the writing of an internal history of the war could expose the foolishness of the State Department and the uniformed military while avoiding any head-on attack upon existing policy.

A general model of information transfer establishes a conceptual framework for contributed papers for the 1968 ADI Convention in Columbus, Ohio, October 20-24, 1968. The general model is an elaboration on the classic sender/channel/receiver model and presents a variety of alternative channels for information transfer including direct transfer, primary recorded media, archives, secondary recorded media, and information centers. Suggested areas for response in the form of contributed papers include costs, performance, benefits, functions, application of scientific and technical disciplines, research, vocabulary control, and language processing associated with information systems, science, and technology. A call for papers for the 1968 ADI Convention is included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses paper electrophoresis patterns of enzymes involved in polyglucoside synthesis in oscillatoria princeps and its low temperature strains. The technique of paper partition chromatography and paper electrophoresis for the study of genetically different tissues have recently found application in the field of genetic studies. These methods should prove of considerable interest in the detection of differences between enzymes having the same properties and functions in the different species.

A paper electrophoresis method is described in which four serum lipoprotein components are separated without the use of albumin in the buffer. Tris-EDTA-boric acid buffer, Oil Red O staining solution prepared in 52.8% instead of the usual 60% alcohol, and solvent-extracted paper strips are the distinguishing features of this procedure. The system was effective not only in separating chylomicron, β- and α-lipoproteins into well-defined bands, but also in separating very low density or pre-β-lipoprotein distinctly in some samples and partially in others. The advantages of this procedure are low background staining and, in comparison to the procedure using albumin in the buffer, a sharper alpha band. This sharpened α-band gives a sharper peak in densitometric scanning. Electrophoresis could be performed for 16 hr or 4 hr. The 4-hr electrophoresis run produced electrophoregrams with even denser and sharper bands than the 16-hr run. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paper chromatography has been found to be a very satisfactory method for the separation of glycerine from hexitols, pentitols, tetritols, and glycols. After separation of the glycerine on paper the glycerine is eluted from the indicated zone with water. The formaldehyde, which is a product of periodic acid oxidation, is determined colorimetrically. A suggested procedure and the results of the analyses of standard glycerine and polyhydric alcohol mixtures are presented in this paper. The results indicate that the glycerine content of the mixtures (glycerine content ranging from 15% to 100% glycerine) may be determined with an average relative precision of 0.7% and with an average recovery of 101.0%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the advantages of the term project type of assignment over term papers in learning science. The purpose and meaning of an individual's educational experience is transmitted through a term project. While educators are becoming increasingly skeptical as to whether or not term papers have value in proportion to the time and energies required of both the undergraduates and the instructors, the level of interaction is compulsion. The sample of knowledge covered by a term project is not great, but apparently that sample will be remembered for a long, long time. The opportunity to think through a problem and find a solution proved to be an intriguing and pleasant experience.

Despite the increasing importance of nonionic surfactants, methods for their identification have been limited to specific groups. Accordingly, a general analytical scheme for the identification of polyoxyalkylene-type nonionic surfactants was developed, which uses qualitative tests and two paper chromatographic solvent systems. This procedure differentiates among the ethoxylates of alcohols, thioalcohols, alkyl phenol, fatty acids, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene acids, sorbitan fatty esters, fatty amides, polyoxyethylene glycols (PEG) condensates. In addition, individual members of a class can be separated and identified. The method is applicable to a variety of detergent products and to mixtures of more than one nonionic. As little as 7 mg of a nonionic surfactant are sufficient for complete characterization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A rapid method of separating the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones of C to C aldehydes by descending chromatographic system has been described. Whatman No. 1 filter paper was impregnated with ethylene glycol-methanol (1∶4, v/v), and n-heptane saturated with methanol was used as a developing solvent. Complete separation was achieved in 3 hrs. It has been shown that the method can also be used for the separation of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone derivatives of ketones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents an abstract of the report "Paper for Printing and Writing; Tentative Forecasts of Demand in 1955, 1960 and 1965," by the Intelligence Unit of the Economist. Presentation of the results in tables and descriptive texts for individual countries, regions, and continents; Rise expected in the total world demand for newsprint as well as other printing and writing paper; Significance of the absolute and relative variation in demand and in consumption between countries, regions, and continents.

The role of Β-glucose 1,6-bisphosphate as a cofactor in the reaction catalyzed by the phosphoglucomutase for Β-glucose 1-phosphate (Β-phosphoglucomutase) has been examined in purified extracts of Euglena gracilis var. bacillaris. 1. The incubation of Β-glucose 1-[32P]phosphate with Β-phosphoglucomutase in presence of high concentrations (0.1 mM) of a commercial preparation of α-D(+)-glucose 1,6-bisphosphate (prepared synthetically) yielded a labelled compound running electrophoretically and chromatographically as the sugar bisphosphate. Specificity studies with Β-phosphoglucomutase and muscle phosphoglucomutase (α-phosphoglucomutase) strongly suggest that the compound formed is Β-glucose 1,6-[32P]bisphosphate. The results would also indicate that the commercial preparation of α-D(+)-glucose 1,6-bisphosphate contains Β-glucose 1,6-bisphosphate as contaminant. 2. When synthetic Β-glucose 1-phosphate preparations were purified by paper chromatography and then incubated with Β-phosphoglucomutase, no glucose 6-phosphate could be detected. On the other hand the reaction readily took place when challenged with the chromatographic fraction that runs as sugar bisphosphate. Upon analysis with etectrophoresis, chromatography and weak acid hydrolysis, and experiments with Β-phosphoglucomutase and α-phosphoglucomutase it was concluded that this compound is Β-glucose 1,6-bisphosphate. 3. It was established that the natural α-D(+)-glucose 1,6-bisphosphate not only fails to sustain the reaction catalyzed by Β-phosphoglucomutase but rather inhibits the reaction when added to the whole Β-phosphoglucomutase system, it was also demonstrated that Β-glucose 1,6-bisphosphate acts as inhibitor of the α-phosphoglucomutase system. 4. These results show for the first time that Β-glucose 1,6-bisphosphate is an active and necessary participant in the reaction catalyzed by Β-phosphoglucomutase. The role played by Β-glucose 1,6-bisphosphate in this reaction would be essentially the same as that of the α-anomer in the reaction catalyzed by α-phosphoglucomutase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article describes the colonial monetary standard in Massachusetts in the 1600s. It discusses the establishment of a commodity standard in 1640 and the official prices of commodities in Massachusetts during the 1600s. The article details the development of the paper-money standard in 1690. It comments on the topics covered by most recent studies of the monetary system of the American colonies. The establishment of a mint in Boston in 1652 is reported. By 1737 the price of silver had risen. In 1750, the Massachusetts Assembly restored specie payments. The article also considers the objections to the continuation of paper-money issues.

A detailed comparison of how 334 papers in Vol. 112 of Physical Review form related groups according to two criteria of relatedness. The criteria are: (1) the Analytic Subject Index as used by the editors of the Physical Review; and (2) the method of Bibliographic Coupling. The similarities and differences between the groups thus formed are illustrated and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on the extension of the anti-fraud protection of various securities acts to short-term investment instruments of less than nine months maturity in the U.S. Supreme Court's review of decision on Sanders v. John Nuveen & Co., Inc.; Security and Exchange Commission's interpretation of investment securities; Potential changes in securities laws.

Procedures for qualitative and quantitative paper chromatography of lipides have been described in detail, together with some practical applications. With the monochain lipides it was found that one developing system serves universally. The long aliphatic chains essentially determine the chromatographic properties so that suitable conditions for chromatographing any lipide or lipide-like entity are predictable. For the same reason total analysis of natural mixtures cannot be done on one paper chromatogram due to superpositions. For complete analysis of natural mixtures of fatty acids it is advisable at the present time to combine paper chromatography with some other separation method. Distillation supplements best but requires gram quantities of material while paper chromatography is applicable on gamma or milligram scale. Chain-length analysis by paper chromatography and low-temperature chromatography have been introduced and are promising methods to approach a completely micro method for analyzing complex mixtures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article comments on two papers which discussed the problems of insurance regulation. The patterns of insurance regulation have emerged in a desultory and disjointed fashion which do not fit into the orderly, rational structure of the academic mind. In this connection, I find the paper of Professor Belth on Insolvency in the Context of Life Insurance Regulation to be a highly theoretical discussion of rather involved technical life insurance concepts. The speculative and highly academic treatment of these life insurance issues seems a long way from the real world in which the average life insurance man lives. Whatever validity there is to Professor Belth's thesis it is a little puzzling to see it developed as part of the structure of a rational regulatory system. Essentially, Professor Belth tells us that the standards for maintaining solvency in the life insurance business result in a considerable amount of fat or surplus, which is acting as a drag on the life insurance business in its efforts to compete with other financial institutions for the savings dollars of America. In the property and casualty field, the standards for establishing and measuring solvency are frequently under attack because they are not sufficiently stringent to achieve the goals desired--namely, to prevent company failures.