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A conference paper about the aetiology and treatment of acne vulgaris. Topics discussed include endocrine imbalance, psychosomatic factors, seborrhoeic or greasy skins, pityriasis capitis, and hypertrichosis tends. Treatment includes Proluton C, progesterone injection, X-radiation therapy, and special diets.

This article focuses on the book "Psychotherapy of the Adolescent," by Benjamin H. Balser. This is a collection of papers and interpretations on the treatment of adolescents at different levels of psychiatric practice with special emphasis on the role of the school.

Information about several papers discussed at the Tenth International Congress of Dermatology, held in London from 21-26 of July, 1956, is presented. Topics discussed include the pathogenesis of eczema, the treatment of tuberculosis, and the effects of ACTH and cortisone on the skin and skin diseases.

The factual basis for therapy and family advice urging "leveling" in the sense of giving free expression to aggressive feelings is reviewed and the results of a study of 385 couples presented. The study tested the hypothesis that verbal aggression is a substitute for physical aggression. Opposite results were found: the more verbal expression of aggression, the more physical aggression. A similar analysis of "intellectualizing" marital conflicts found that such an approach is associated with low amounts of physical violence. These results apply most strongly for working-class couples. Historical and social trends which could account for the popularity of leveling approaches to marriage, despite considerable evidence suggesting the opposite, are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brief reference is made to the original papers of Bowen and of Darier, and the later significant developments in our understanding of Bowen's Disease. The wide variation in clinical appearance is emphasized. The involvement of pilosebaceous follicles in the process, and the importance of this factor in planning treatment are emphasized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This article presents information of various books and journals related to psychology. The paper "Notes on the psychotherapy of infantile autism" by Micheal Fordham is an account of his work and research with autism in children. "Psicologia della lettura" by Mario Trevi is a thought-provoking paper, which presents some intriguing comparisons between reading and play. The paper "Working with a family in a Child Guidance setting" by P. Parsloe and D. Howell presents therapeutic work of psychiatrist and psychiatric social worker on psychotherapy of closely interdependent immature people.

The article discusses the research paper about chemotherapeutic advances, presented at the November 1943 issue meeting of the New Jersey Science Teachers' Association. The author chronicles several medical advances between 1880 and 1990 including Louis Pasteur's discovery of the microbial nature of contagious disease and the classifications of animal parasites, namely protozoa, bacteria and fungi and ultramicroscopic viruses. He points out the suggestion of Alexander Fleming that penicillin may be an effective antiseptic for application to areas infected with penicillin-sensitive microbes.

The paper offers a case study with a defective delinquent who was rehabilitated through intensive individual psychotherapy. The subject was selected by the staff of a large colony for male defectives as belonging to the group of "incorrigible" defective delinquents. The procedure of selection and the results of a large scale counseling and psychotherapy program have been described elsewhere. One to three therapeutic sessions of 20-50 minutes each were held weekly for 18 months except for vacation.

The article informs that the selection and validation of criteria to measure psychotherapeutic experience are important problems in current research. In an increasing number of studies the utility of psychological tests as guides to selection of suitable patients for psychotherapy is being investigated. Although the validation of such tests rests, to a large degree, upon the adequate measurement of the success or failure of the patient's therapeutic experience, insufficient research has been directed towards this area. The present paper reports on an empirical investigation of the relationship between the manner in which therapy is terminated and length of treatment and training and experience of the therapist.

The article reports that in the field of psychotherapy, there has been practically no progress in the matter of evaluating the relative efficacy of various methods because of failure to quantify the nature and malignancy of the clinical case materials under study. Adherents of various schools of psychotherapy have made a large number of claims and counter claims which cannot be proved or disproved until the exact nature of the clinical material on which the findings are based has been established. It is the purpose of this paper to outline a method for quantifying the malignancy of case materials by the use of a rating scale which has been called the prognostic index.

This article discusses directive psychotherapy. The purpose of, this paper is to discuss the nature, indications and contraindications of methods of therapy involving pressure or coercion. Pressure is defined as the bringing to bear upon the client of stimulation tending to direct action toward specific goals. Coercion involves restraint or regulation by force, usually by law or authority, compelling or constraining the! client to comply with directions. Pressure will usually involve influences which leave ultimate responsibility for conformance up to the client himself, while coercion requires mandatory conformance.

This paper reports the results of a case study on hysterical deafness. The subject was a 19-year-old girl with complete hysterical deafness. The main points of interest in this study were (1) the patient's electromyographic reaction to novel and intense auditory stimulation, (2) auditory conditioning, and (3) "conditioned responses (CR) therapy" The first auditory stimulation produced a startle reaction followed by marked emotional disturbance. Repetition of the same stimulus one minute later produced no reaction and no change in the patient's EMG record. Auditory conditioning was obtained in the deaf state and the procedure appeared useful therapeutically, since the patient recovered her hearing on the day following the CR session. In the deaf state CR's were mainly confined to muscle potentials. In the hearing state the large muscle potential components were significantly less frequent in the CR's which were mainly responses of finger movement.

The article reports on a self-directed approach to the treatment of a complex neurosis with implosive therapy (IT). It demonstrates or investigates the effectiveness of IT in the treatment of psychological disorders typically have dealt with relatively simple, identifiable fears. This paper describes the self-directed treatment of a "complex" and debilitating neurosis, in which identification of the conditioned stimuli was based upon dynamic inferences. The results of the study support the use of dynamic formulations to develop a behaviorally oriented treatment program.

The article presents three therapeutic levels. This paper discusses cases where parents brought their children for evaluation or therapy but finds out that therapy was not after all needed. Reassurance of the methods applied in child care and rearing is the most immediate need these parents seek. They need to reassure themselves that their child is not growing differently from other children. Mental hygiene has aroused anxieties in parents and so often they need to be constantly reminded of the facts of child behaviors by a professional. These therapeutic levels are discussed more thoroughly in this presentation.

The distinctive clinical and histological features of an extensive case of hyperkeratosis lenticularis perstans and the rapid and complete response to topical applications of betamethasone-17-valerate are recorded. No previous record of effective treatment has been described in the four male cases previously recorded in the literature. A 57 year old female has also been studied with a twenty year old history of an unremitting progressive eruption showing the clinical and histological features of hyperkeratosis lenticularis perstans. In this patient initial response to topical therapy with betamethasone-17-valerate is most gratifying, and is the first treatment to influence the signs and symptoms of the disease state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the clinical responses on the use of fine particle griseofulvin in the treatment of Microsporum canis infections of the scalp. It states that the patients' response to a given dose of griseofulvin are not uniform. It mentions that the doses of various types of griseofulvin producing similar blood levels are associated to the doses producing comparable clinical response based on the clinical experience from the treatment of 183 cases of ectothrix tinea capitis.

The article presents a study regarding the injection of antiinflammatory agents such as cortico-steroids as a treatment for Chondrodermatitis nodularis chronica helicis. Injections of triamcinolone acetonide were administered to three patients suffering from this condition, all of which were eventually relieved of the lesions.

The article presents a report of four cases of pityriasis rubra pilaris. Topics discussed include suggestive psoriasis in some of the cases, tonsillitis, and erythrodermic forms. In addition, reference is made to other manifestation of the disease, such as follicular patterning, pityriasiform state of the scalp and face, hyperkeratosis of the palms and soles, and nail changes.

The article provides a case study on suicide and systematic desensitization. The present study described a multiple-therapy treatment of suicidal behavior in a 14-year-old female. This treatment involved the pairing of target stimuli with specific muscular states and systematic desensitization of reported disturbing thoughts. Target stimuli were introduced through the use of both photographs and imagery. The treatment successfully reduced the rate of suicidal gestures from a mean of 3 per month to .17 per month. The subject displayed no suicidal behavior during the last 7 months that data were kept.

The article presents a study related to the relationship of socio-econornic characteristics, prior drinking patterns, prior treatment efforts and presents treatment variables to sobriety improvement. The factors which had a significant direct relationship to sobriety improvement in this project were duration of sobriety prior to intake and length of stay in treatr ment. Prior A. A. attendance and the use of Antabuse during treatment were also positive factors, whereas previous psychotherapy and educational level had a negative correlation with increased sobriety. For the most part, these findings, examined for differences among the three therapists for their patients and for their applicants, were consistent with the overall results analyzed by sobriety improvement.

The article presents information on the patient as a constant in psychotherapy. It demonstrates a procedure which enables certain aspects of the psychotherapeutic process to be held constant by using a highly resistant patient. Experimental studies of characteristics of therapists and observers are then possible. In terms of this study, each therapist had his own style and method which was little influenced by conscious attempts to standardize technique. There were individual differences in regard to the degree to which a therapist could alter his approach to the patient. Some tried hard to return occasionally to the agreed upon approach. Others acted as if there never had been any discussion or agreement on the subject.

The article reports on the differential effects of various tranquilizing drugs on speed of tapping. The opportunity for this study arose when 18 newly-admitted male schizophrenics at Coatesville Hospital were designated as part of the nationwide pool of subjects in Veterans Administration Cooperative Studies of Chemotherapy, Project Number 3. No attempt will be made to means for the first and last weeks of medications since the data showed such variations among the individuals in various drug groups as to make comparisons impossible with only three subjects in each drug group.

The article attempts to demonstrate the un-spontaneous basis for what heretofore has been termed "spontaneous" remission. Evidence is presented that a combination of favorable patient expectancies and such nonspecific professional intervention as the intake interview and psychological testing are sufficient for inducing symptomatic change in individuals waiting to participate in formal psychotherapy. Finally, it is suggested that "non-specific therapy remission" be substituted for "spontaneous remission" as a means of describing improvement in wait-list patients not participating in formal psychotherapy.

The article describes the application of a scale for the objective assessment of process or movement in psychotherapy and reports the degree of reliability and validity found in a preliminary investigation. The present scale represents a refinement of the original scale based upon further analysis and study of additional therapy protocols. It seems apparent that satisfactory interjudge reliability can be obtained in using the process scale in its present form, and that ratings derived from it bear a meaningful relationship to other measures of successful change in therapy.

The article presents a study on play therapy in psychology. Using 4,092 statements made in 60 individual nondirective play therapy sessions by 20 normal children aged 4 to 12 years the present experiment found that the use of toys suggested by nondirective play therapists did not seem to encourage children to verbally express themselves to a greater extent than did non-recommended toys or not playing with toys. It is suggested that the nondirective play relationship might not require the creative or dramatic toys of the Freudian diagnostic play relationship.

The article compares a group of 82 post-poliomyelitic subjects on the Rosenzweig P-F Study with Rosenzweig's normative group. Some differences between the post-poliomyelitic group and the Rosenzweig normative group were found at statistically significant levels which at best indicate trends because of the size of the sample. When the postapoliomyelitic male is compared with Rosenzweig's normative group he may be described as one who is less Extrapunitive, more Intropunitive and more Impunitive than the male of the normative group.

This article focuses on group structures in group psychotherapy. The group psychotherapy programs used in these hospitals, as in most contemporary programs, did not start by placing patients in already existing groups, e.g., a family or a club. At the onset there existed only an assemblage of patients, brought together by their doctors' orders and held together by ward attendants and the confines of the room. During the first session, some patients read, some sat listlessly with eyes wandering aimlessly about the room, while others buried their heads in their arms.

The results of the treatment of mucocutaneous (American) leishmaniasis in 70 patients with amphotericin B in a period of ten years are reported. The effectiveness of the therapy is pointed out with clinical cure in all cases particularly in antimonial resistant cases. It is also pointed out the conspicuousness of the action on the mucous lesions and the low number of relapses (2 cases). The disadvantages of the drug are its side-effects particularly renal and cardiac toxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the official meeting of the International Committee of Dermatology in Madrid, Spain during June 15-17, 1970. The program will consist of five Main Themes, 12 Symposia and 25 Discussion Groups. The main themes are as follows: Lymphomas; Diseases of Autogression; Progress of Therapy in Dermatology; Occupational Dermatoses; Venereal Diseases. The symposia are as follows: Vascular Diseases; Progress in Therapy of Cutaneous; Malignancies; Psoriasis; Dermatologic Genetics; Dysproteinemias; Electronmicroscopy; Carcinogenesis; Cutaneous Manifestations of Internal; Progress in Leprology; Progress in Mycology; Drug Eruptions and The Skin as a Protective Organ.

The article presents a list of paper related to endodontics. Some of the papers included in the list are: "Apical Tooth Root Resorption," by J.R. Herd, "Root Resorption of Traumatic Origin," by R.A. Leeson and C.C. Wilks, "Utilization of the Mandibular Premolars of the Dog for Endodontic Research," by B.C.W. Barker and B.C. Lockett, "Pulp Lability and Repair: Effect of Restorative Procedures," by L. Zach, "Endodontic Therapy Involving a Taurodontic Tooth," by F. Widerman and T. Serene and "Apical Closure of Nonvital Teeth," by J.J. Dylewski.

The article presents a list of recent endodontic papers. Some of the papers enlisted are, The Efficacy of Pulp Capping Materials. A Comparative Trial by D.S. Shovelton, L.A. Friend and A.H.B. Rowe, Pulpal Response to Isobutyl Cyanoacrylate in Human Teeth by M.D. Berkman, F.A. Cucolo, M.P. Levin and L.J. Brunelle, Condensed Calcium Hydroxide Root Filling Following Partial Pulpectomy by A.J. Laws, Progression of Pulpitis to Necrosis and Periapical Disease in Deciduous and Permanent Teeth of Monkeys by A.S. Cardoso and D.F. Mitchell and Position of the Apical Foramen in Relation to Endodontic Therapy by M. Palmer, F.S. Weine and H.J. Healey.

The article presents a case study of a patient suffering from squamous cell carcinoma of the mucous membrane. Treatment with prednisolone is discussed, which produced healing of the ulceration with leukoplakic patches persisting at the site of healing. The author indicates that purulent meningitis eventually developed, leading to death of the patient.

The article presents a study regarding the use of calcium sodium versenate as a preventive and adjuvant in the treatment of chrome ulcers. The results indicate that the treatment succeeded in offering some protection against the chrome salts which are involved in the genesis of the ulcers, and that more rapid healing was observed as a result.

The article presents a study regarding the treatment of Rosacea in out-patients at a public hospital in Sydney, Australia with riboflavine, pyridoxine, and vitamin B complex. The results indicate that the treatment was not beneficial, demonstrating clinical improvement that was inconsistent and small. The utility of treatment with hydrochloric acid is also explored.

The article presents information on a study that analyzes drug effects. The sample consisted of 94 patients on continued treatment service wards who were receiving chiorpromazine; 46 of whom were withdrawn from the drug and given a placebo. The average age of the sample was 46 years and the average length of hospitalization was 12 years. The data indicate that the adjective check-list is not an economical or appropriate measure when used with long-term institutionalized psychotic patients. When sufficient safeguards are maintained to identify some crude forms of invalidity the number of untainted protocols was reduced almost to the vanishing point.

This section presents a list of books and papers about the therapeutics of infancy and childhood.

The article presents information on the "Sixth International Conference on Oral Biology" to be held at Toronto, Ontario, from June 3-5, 1974. The theme of the conference will be "Pharmacology and Therapeutics." Interested scientists are invited to submit specific titles and abstracts of papers to be considered for presentation at the conference. Primary consideration will be given to research utilizing a multidiscipline approach and having a wide appeal to scientists in oral biology. Titles should clearly define the topic; a single page abstract must include a summary of materials, research methodology, results and conclusions.

This article examines the current realities and illusions of caring for suicidal people. Treating suicidal persons concerns a wide range of professionals, namely, physicians, clinical psychologists, psychiatrists, pastoral counselors, social workers, nurses and staff members of suicide-prevention centers. Problems of suicide care are problems of the dying, for every suicidal person is someone who finds life unbearable because of physical or psychic pain. The concern here is not with the dead but with the dying and the care that they receive. Numbers for this group are far larger. Psychiatrists did not become involved in organizing suicidal services until twenty years after these first voluntary efforts. Vienna was the center of psychiatric activities, which began in 1910 with psychoanalytic meetings devoted to suicide. Like most social movements, even professional ones, the suicide prevention movement was too optimistic to evaluate its major premises. There also appears to have been no serious questioning of how suicide prevention centers should be organized.

The article discusses the study showing the effects of therapeutic conditions in child therapy. Sixteen practicing child psychotherapists and 16 child patients were used as sample subjects in the study. Each children were evaluated early in therapy and four and a half months later by their respective therapists using the Current Adjustment Rating Scale. The effects of accurate empathy, warmth and genuineness in non-verbal communication of child therapy were also analyzed. Results show that the children receiving higher conditions improved significantly, while the parent's evaluations suggest that the children receiving low levels of empathy, warmth and genuineness showed actual deterioration.

Focuses on the clinical presentation of the young man identified with the puer aeternus archytype. Use of dream as part of the therapeutic process; Discussion of the selected aspect of the dream in terms of the puer aeternus identification; Tentative use of interpretations and confrontation.

The article determines the nature of the relationship between two conceptually similar but operationally different definitions of cognitive process among both "normal" and patient subjects and determines the effect of this relation on selected outcome variables in psycho-therapy research, i.e., patients' and therapists' perceptions of the outcome of their psychotherapeutic interaction. Results indicated that conceptual dimensions and differentiation within dimensions are independent and play differential roles in the therapy interaction.

The article reports the attitudes of ten female alcoholics who have resided in an alcoholism rehabilitation program for about five months. It has been found that the female alcoholic finds it difficult to accept her illness, and her low self-image may interfere with treatment and recovery. The findings reported here suggest that these female alcoholics definitely accept their illness, and believe the alcoholic is not a weak-willed individual. Although, in general, female alcoholics may have a low self-image which may interfere with recovery, these respondents believe that most alcoholics can be helped to recovery from alcoholism. Thus, it seems fair to conclude that these female alcoholics have a positive attitude toward the alcoholic, his prognosis, and accept alcoholism as an illness. These female alcoholics are quite positive and therapeutic in their view of the alcoholic and alcoholism, and thus are probably amenable to continued treatment and rehabilitation. It is possible to effectively tailor their rehabilitation process and therapeutic experience, through programming and counseling, to suit their beliefs. It is hoped that the results of this study will serve to further understand the female alcoholics' views on alcoholism and the alcoholic.

This article discusses the relation among illness, therapy and the modern urban American family. The analogy of physician, and parents in part is simple and obvious. These are the stronger and more adequate persons on whom the child and the sick person, respectively, are made to rely; they are the ones to whom he must turn to have those of his needs fulfilled which he is incapable of meeting through his own resources. As people shall maintain, these analogies must not be pressed too far. But they do constitute a convenient jumping off place for the analysis. The primary psychodynamically relevant reasons researchers find in the special character of the American urban family, which is extremely vulnerable to certain types of strain. Mechanisms have developed which relieve the family of the additional stresses which would be imposed upon it by making the care of the sick one of its principal functions. At the same time, most cases of illness with psychological components are probably more effectively cared for in the special circumstances of the society by professionalized agencies than they would be in families.

Rather than viewing psychotherapy with teen-agers as essentially a holding operation and waiting until adult years when self-defeating patterns have become rigidified, the period may be considered as offering a unique opportunity for facilitating change and focusing on new directions in the life of the client. One workable psychotherapeutic procedure, a team approach involving Diagnosis and Planning, Bargain-Setting, Psychotherapy Proper, and Termination, is briefly described. Involving the parents is seen as being of major importance. Other special concerns briefly examined and illustrated are interpreting closeness, establishing controls, and exercising flexibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychotherapy with individual patients is central to the objective of resolving children's psychological problems. Clarification is needed of the term "psychotherapy" and of the field it encompasses. The relationship between psychotherapy and the patient's environment is considered, and the importance of transference in the patient-therapist relationship is illustrated by the case history of a child receiving therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article cites a study which discusses the effect of growth substances on attached and detached root tips of Pisutn Sativuin L. It may be valid if the limitations of such detached systems are clearly defined and understood. Only then can information obtained from using detached organs be properly interpreted. These considerations may account for the apparent inconsistencies of observations on root length cell elongation and cell division. The present study attempts to clarify these limits by determining if different effects on growth occur when completely detached roots and roots that are attached to the rest of the shoot are subjected to treatment with growth substances.

Although many studies have been done in the framework of Rogerian theory, few have included the constructs of openness to experience and organismic valuing. Yet these occupy a central place in the structure of researcher C.R. Rogers theories of therapy, personality, and psychological adjustment, and as such deserve extensive study. The purpose of the present study was to test the Rogerian proposition that openness to experience and organismic valuing are positively related in a normal population. Because of the breadth of the definitions of these constructs, a strategy of conceptual-operational coordination advocated by researcher D.W. Fiske was followed. Each of the two large constructs was analyzed into several constituent, but smaller, subconstructs, which would presumably be more congruent with measurement operations. Openness to experience, according to Rogers refers to the complete availability of all stimulation to awareness, and to a perceptual-symbolic process whose function is to keep experience and symbolization congruent.

The neglect of onycholysis by standard textbooks and the paucity of references to it in dermatological journals suggests that it is a rare entity but the author's ready acquisition of a series of SS eases seems to contradict this assumption. Trauma has been indicted as the aetiology both in paronychia and onycholysis but the contrasting distribution of nail-plate or digit involvement indicates that this simple mechanism may not be a common factor in both conditions. The association of onycholysis with other diseases is disputed and an attempt is made to assess its natural history and the effectiveness of treatment both in its cure and in the prevention of recurrences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]