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The article focuses on the press and public opinion in Great Britain, discussed at the Conference of the British Sociological Association in 1955. The first influence on the policy of a paper will be its tradition, which is a vital part of its goodwill as a business. Next important factor is the readership's character and the circulation. A paper that is read standing in the train, giving special attention to the interests of women, punters and filmgoers, will not have space to inform its readers adequately about foreign affairs. Third in the list of influences in a newspaper office comes the experience, educational background, sense of responsibility of the editor and his editorial staff. Whatever the policy of the paper, their special interests and bias will be reflected in it. The next factor to consider is contact with readers. The newspaper can influence the reader by a multitude of stories, ideas, recommendations and services. The reader can only refuse his pennies. Circulation is, of course, very important. Without it advertising dies, and the paper dies with it. But generally speaking, the paper's attitude in foreign affairs will be a secondary factor in the reader's choice of reading.

Focuses on a meeting on freshwater ecology held at the Exeter, England-based University of Exeter from 3-7 July, 1964 and a meeting of the Tropical Group on patterns in dry tropical vegetation held in London, England-based Linnean Society on November 4, 1964. Series of papers presented at the meetings; Discussions on each paper; Participants of the meetings.

Information about several papers discussed at the exhibits sponsored by the British Ecological Society is presented. Topics include the purpose of land use mapping first as a record on maps of the actual and existing land use, and the Human Settlement and land use in Snowdonia against the background of vegetation ecology in the area. The meeting featured several speakers including Dr Woodhead, Dr Reynoldson, and Mr Le Cren.

In this Symposium various papers have been presented dealing with many aspects of work in progress in the United Kingdom recently. I have been asked to make a comparison between this and what is happening elsewhere in the world and also to consider where these various reports may lead. The papers have deal: with such basic concepts as the pharmacological, psychological and social basis of various types of drug dependence, epidemiological reports on changes in incidence and prevalence in England and Ireland; the ejects of legislation on prevention and some aspects of treatment in specialised units and by voluntary bodies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information about the annual general meeting of the British Ecological Society held at the University College in London on January 6-7, 1949 and its thirty-fourth annual meeting held at Bristol University in London on January 9, 1948 are presented. Various woods and rare plants in Great Britain were discussed in the 1949 event accompanied by exhibits of various photographs of species while the 1948 meeting was about hydrography and ecology.

This article lists international meetings published in the November 1, 1968 issue of "International Social Science Journal." The list includes Fifth European Symposium of European Committee for Rural Law to be held in the Netherlands, session of Institute of International Law to be held in Great Britain on matters of international law, public and private, conference of Inter-Parliamentary Union to be held in India, and Eleventh General Conference of International Association for Research in Income and Wealth to be held in India. The list also includes Second International Congress of Balkan and Southeast European Studies to be held in Athens, Greece, Tenth International Congress of Criminal Law of International Association of Penal Law to be held in Europe, International Conference on the International Transfer of Management Skills to be held in Europe, Thirteenth Triennial Conference of War Register's International to be held in the U.S., Nineteenth Congress of International Union of Local Authorities to be held in Athens, Greece.

This section presents the highlights of a discussion on race relations during the conference of the British Sociological Association in 1957. Three main papers were read by A. H. Richmond on Theoretical Orientations in Studies of Ethnic Group Relations in Britain, by H. S. Deighton on History and the Study of Race Relations and by H. S. Morris on The Plural Society. The convenor made an opening statement on his views of the nature and possible scope of race relations studies, while professor Pear wound up the second session with a brief outline of the study of speech as a social device for classifying, identifying, and characterizing national and ethnic groups. The programme had been designed to bring a wide range of academic interests to bear up on the field, and in the event there was an interesting interplay of views from sociologists, social anthropologists, historians, and social psychologists. Among the points raised in discussion the following seem to have been of major importance. The definition of prejudice and its measurement are more difficult questions than is often realized, and any simple-minded treatment of racial attitudes can be very misleading. There was emphasis on the need for structural analysis of race relations with special reference to changes in access to political power afforded to minorities.

This article presents the highlights of a discussion on criminology during the conference of the British Sociological Association in 1957. Attendance at the three meetings of the section ranged between fifty and thirty members. The opening paper by W. Cordon Rose, reviewed the development of criminology in Britain over the last half-century in terms of its relationship to the Penal Reform movement and the growth of social studies in British Universities. In the second paper, J. C. Spencer, director of the Bristol Social Project, dealt more specifically with sociological studies in the field of criminology. Apart from a more effective articulation of studies of delinquent sub-cultures and the socialization process in the delinquent family, he underlined the need for research into the field of white-collar crime. A final paper by L. T. Wilkins, social statistician at the Home Office, dealt with the philosophy of prediction methods, a most important development in the penological field, especially in relation to the use of indeterminate sentences. Although the group contained only a minority of members actively concerned in the criminological field, the presence, of persons from other disciplines may be regarded as an encouraging sign of interest by other sociologists in the association.

This article analyses the utility of Yalta Conference during the World War II attended by British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Here it is advisable to point out that, for the past forty years, diplomatic documents have been in bad odor. This is not the first time the taxpayers have been given a mutilated edition of diplomatic transactions of Great Powers. The colored books of the warring governments of the First World War were a scandal that provoked a storm of criticism. After the publication of the secret treaties made by Great Britain, France and Russia during the years 1914-17, no one should be so simple as to place a prima facie value upon what is tendered in the way of state papers. Such is the case in this instance also. Surely it is not to be imagined that Roosevelt was conversant with the secret dealings of Great Britain and France, and later, after the Nazi attack, with Russia. He would be a simple-minded person who thought for a moment that our President was a student of the secret diplomacy of the First World War. Also, the author doubt whether there was one of his advisers who had taken the trouble to learn how the prospective spoil was to be shared by the victors after the peace settlements were made.

This article focuses on the items in the questionnaire by William Lovett, secretary of the Chartist General Convention, aimed at discovering the major economic, political and social matters affecting the working class in Great Britain. The answers to such a series of questions, with the comments of the local Chartist and Radical organizers, would provide a very considerable and useful body of information on the problems and grievances of the working classes and thus aid the central Chartist organization in its attempts to agitate the country. There is, however, no evidence to show that the Chartist Convention made any use of the information, beyond the general knowledge which it gave that body of the state of the working classes throughout the country. It may be that insufficient local associations completed the questionnaires to justify the drawing of conclusions, as is suggested by the fact that among the papers of the Convention there are collected together returns from only a few associations.

Information about several papers discussed during the two Summer Meetings of the British Ecological Society (BES) is presented. During the first meeting which happened on June 29, 1918, the main topic discussed was on the effect of rabbits to the vegetation and formation of soil. In the second meeting, which was held on August 1-6, 1918, topics discussed was mainly focusing on the characteristic of hill and valley vegetation in the hill region of northern Great Britain.

Information about several proceedings discussed at the nineteenth General and tenth Annual Meeting and field meetings sponsored by the British Ecological Society on ecology and environmental science is presented. Topics include the water content of developing and mature foliage leaves, dwarf oakwoods, and examination of vegetation and mollusca of the chalk downs at Aldbury. The symposium featured several professors including R. H. Yapp, W. L. Boys-Smith, and B. M.Griffiths.

The article offers information about several conventions of the British Ecological Society in Great Britain. The symposium titled "The Water Relations of Plants," organized by the Society on April 5-8, 1961, was attended by 112 members and overseas visitors. The meeting of the Tropical Ecology Group of the Society on April 6, 1961 in the Department of Botany was attended by 55 members which was arranged by P. W. Richards. The 1961 Summer Meeting was centered on the Departments of Botany and Zoology which was participated by 35 members who joined in the excursions by several local members. Various topics are also mentioned on each of the events.

The article offers information about the annual meeting of the British Ecological Society at the University College in London, England, on January 5-6, 1939. Professor Tansley explained how pressure of work had made him unable to prepare a speech, and how the Council had made arrangements for it to be read at a meeting at Easter. Resignation of Mrs. Hand was accepted and Elflyn Hughes was elected as a new member of the society.

Reports on various meetings organized by the British Ecological Society. Winter and annual general meeting held at the Botany School of the University of Oxford from January 4-6, 1965; 46th Annual General Meeting held at the Engineering Lecture Theater, University of Oxford on January 5, 1965; Meeting of the Tropical Group held in London, England-based University College on March 24, 1965 on the topic 'Time as a Factor in Tropical Rain Forest.'

Presents news briefs related to psychology as of December 1, 1933. Growth in the number of papers of psychodiagnostic interest which are read at the meetings of the British Association for the Advancement of Science; Information on lectures delivered at a meeting of the German Society for the Study of Heredity on problems of heredity in the animal and vegetable kingdom; Information on experiments in Russia which aimed at finding methods to regulate the sex of offspring.

Information about several papers discussed at a meeting by the British Ecological Society on ecology is presented. Topics include general ecology in Great Britain, works on the Society's laboratory, and light penetration. The meeting featured several members of the Society including Dr. Pearsall, and Dr. Worthington.

The article discusses the highlights of the summer meeting of the British Ecological Society at the Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, Lowestoff from May 22-24, 1931. A brief account of marine fishery research was made by Doctor E. S. Russell, director of the Society. Other presentations on marine fishery research are made, including one by R. E. Savage on Phaeocystis poucheti in relation to Herring Shoals.

The article presents a response to the reappraisal of the monetary and credit system in Great Britain, conducted by the Radcliffe Committee. The article discusses the three titles produced by the committee, "Report of the Committee on the Working of the Monetary System," "Principal Memoranda of Evidence," and "Minutes of Evidence." The three works contain opinions and recommendation, recommendations for monetary policy, and comments as to the relationship between the Bank of England and the British government. The author considers the perplexing lack of dissention amongst committee members, the committee recommendations, the committee's thoughts on the technical aspects of public financing, and monetary policy and its domestic and international implications.

Information about several papers discussed at the general meeting of the British Ecological Society which was held on April 12, 1913 in the Botanical Department, University College in Great Britain is presented. Topics include the brief historical summary of the work of the British Vegetation Committee from its inception in 1904, and the resolutions of the British Ecological Society.

Presents news briefs concerning the field of sociology in Great Britain as of December 1952. Initiation of a conference by the British Sociological Association from March 27 to March 29, 1953 at King's College of Household and Social Science in London, England; Information on the Second World Congress of Sociology being organized by the International Sociological Association from August 24 to September 1, 1953; Appearance of the obituary of Professor T. Geiger in the March 1953 issue of the "British Journal of Sociology."

Information about the several meetings involving the Institute of Fisheries Management in 1973 Great Britain is presented. A meeting was held in February 4 which focused on the trout hatchery management. In January 17, a meeting at the Brecon Rugby Club took the form of a trout restocking forum. A successful meeting attended by 36 members presented papers on various aspects of fishery management and development.

Discusses the prevalence of drug dependence in Great Britain. Psychological effects of methyl-amphetamine; Drugs not included in the prescribing restrictions that might also be abused by youngsters; Congresses planned by the International Council on Alcohol and Alcoholism in 1968.

Reports on the appointment of British nurses to serve on the Permanent Commission and International Association on Occupational Health. Details of members of the commission; Discussion on the goal of the commission for the development of occupational health in the country; Information on the XV International Congress hosted by the commission.

The article looks at the profit-sharing schemes in Great Britain. The aims of the proponents of profit-sharing schemes have changed little since its introduction in the 1840s. Profit-sharing is defined as instances in which an employer agrees with his employees that they are to receive a fixed share in the profits realized by the undertaking of the related profit-sharing scheme. Profits are given to employees in exchange for their labor, although they also receive wages. The International Congress on Profit-sharing was held in Paris in 1889, where they agreed upon the definition of profit-sharing that is generally used today. The plain fact is that each scheme has to be tailor-made to fit the circumstances of the particular firm which has to operate it.

The article examines the votes cast at the British Labour Party's 1960 Scarborough Conference and 1961 Blackpool Conference. An overview of the constituents of the British Labour Party's voting on the party leadership the National Executive Committee's defence policy, including the majority's support for unilateralism at the Scarborough Conference, is provided. The political activity of British trade union members within the Labour Party, including charts on trade union members' votes, is discussed.

Information about the summer meeting of the British Ecological Society which was held in Norfolk, England from July 6-13, 1951 is presented. Activities of the meeting include daily expeditions of the societies' members to various parts of Great Britain with ecological interests. Among these were; visit to the Scolt Head Island, in which the general physiography of the area was described by Professor J. A. Steers, and to Ranworth and Upton Broads in the Bure Valley.

Information about several topics discussed at the summer meeting held at Barnard Castle in Durham in Great Britain on August 27-31, 1933 is presented. The meeting was held by the British Ecological Society, discussing the outline of the geology and topography of Teesdale. Topics include the characteristics of Teesdale flora, the local distribution of the species and the subarctic species.

The article discusses the highlights of the annual general meeting of the British Ecological Society on May 23, 1914 held in the Botanical Lecture Theatre at University College in London, England. Several officers were elected including professor F. W. Oliver, W. B. Crump and O. V. Darbishire. A general statement of the financial position of the Society up to December 31, 1913 was presented by the treasurer. Society president, A. G. Tansley, delivered an address citing the Society's achievements.

The article focuses on a study of the mass voting behavior in Great Britain, discussed at the Conference of the British Sociological Association in 1955. The starting point of any study of mass voting behavior must be the discovery of who votes for which party. It was plain from the constituencies that were Liberal and Conservative strongholds that there was a connection between economic geography and political allegiance. An example of the correlation between party allegiance and social characteristics is the influence of Catholicism on voting. Majority of Catholics appear to vote Labor. Catholics are to a disproportionate extent found in the lower income groups, a majority of which vote Labor. Their social class seems an important determinant of their vote than their religious affiliation. It would be interesting to know about party supporters in terms of their acquaintance with public events, in terms of their estimates of the consequences of victory or defeat for their side, in terms of the intensity of their partisanship, and in terms of their views on the range of social, political and economic problems with which the government has to cope. All study of voting behavior is handicapped by the fact that, for most people, voting in a particular election is the continuation of a habit, not the expression of a newly made decision.

The article focuses on public opinion and foreign policy in Great Britain, discussed at the Conference of the British Sociology Association in 1955. The British Parliament has no independent power over foreign policy comparable with the power of the U.S. Senate. Even treaties do not require parliamentary ratification. If parliament wishes to reject a government proposal it can do so by bringing down the government, and with two-party system and party discipline it is only in the exceptional circumstances that the government majority can be shattered to achieve that. This distinguishes the House of Commons from the French Chamber. Whatever else may be uncertain, it is clear that public opinion may become irresistible whenever a policy decision involves issues of war and peace, or the acceptance of substantial loss of British lives. No government could survive British losses in a war whose justice was attacked by the opposition in parliament. There have been instances where British public opinion has stepped in to check or veto a policy being followed by its government. The reason for this is that there are mechanisms at work which, if they are properly operated, keep the public in step with government policies as they develop, and give the government warning if they are separating themselves from popular sentiment.

The article focuses on public opinions, polls and foreign policy in Great Britain, discussed at the Conference of the British Sociological Association in 1955. Public opinion can be considered in two ways: firstly, as a theoretical concept belonging to the realm of political theory and which is, in general, the intellectual foster-mother of the movements for liberal reform in the nineteenth century. Secondly, public opinion can be considered to mean what public opinion pollers say it is. As a concept in political theory, it is interesting to note that while public opinion was regarded as another name for the general will, the latter was felt to apply only to political issues within the state. Foreign policy was felt to be outside the sphere of the general will. The way in which an individual person views foreign affairs depends upon his position in the social structure, his income, education, occupation, his party: and it is influenced by his age and historical experiences. This is a truism, because the same thing may be said about his views on domestic issues. But whereas in domestic issues the opinions of groups are often sharply opposed, in foreign affairs what is common to all of them is more outstanding than what differentiates them. Those who analyze polls divide the public into three categories: the unaware, the people who confess they have neither read nor heard of important issues in foreign policy; the aware, the people who have heard or read but have only rudimentary knowledge; the informed, the people who are not only aware of issues, but who also know their meaning and their implications.

The article focuses on pressure groups in the government of Great Britain, discussed at the Conference of the British Sociological Association in 1955. Party is an important focus of pressure groups and channel for influence. There is a view of the constitution which assert that influence on decisions ought to be exercised only through parties prepared to submit to the judgment of the electors. There is also similarity between bodies in so far as they have evolved working techniques of influence; there are also differences of internal structure, and these seem to be related to the history and technical character of individual interests, rather than to any grouping by type of interest. The reputation of a pressure group is one of its means of influence, and it would be insane for any group to endanger it for small temporary gains. Pressure through elections may be declining but there is no doubt that organized attempts to alter the climate of opinion are important in British politics. In spite of the implications of the word pressure, there is not much doubt that the most effective of techniques is the appeal to reason. Some social and intellectual prestige is necessary to ensure that your information is what the best people believe to be the best; and there is an element of management in seeing that information is planted in places where it will reach decision-makers. The organized groups are indispensable in the execution of policy as in the making of policy.

The article focuses on power in British political parties, discussed at the Conference of the British Sociological Association in 1955. Two autonomous political entities face each other in Parliament; they are the Conservative Party and the Parliamentary Labor Party. Each is associated with a voluntary mass organization of its supporters outside parliament, the former by the National Union of Conservative and Unionist Associations, the latter by a body known as The Labor Party. The Labor Party has been transformed in the course of 50 years of parliamentary and, latterly, of governmental experience. The chairman-spokesman of 1906 has become party leader and prime minister or potential prime minister. When Labor is in opposition, its leader must work with a Shadow Cabinet elected by the parliamentary party. In opposition, the Labor leader and his Shadow Cabinet, unlike their Conservative opposite numbers, must present and defend their policies at meetings of their parliamentary supporters. The constitution of the Labor Party provides that no proposal shall be included in the Party Programme unless it has been adopted by the Party Conference by a majority of not less than two-thirds of the votes recorded on a card vote. The inner life of the Labor mass organization is in many respects different from that of the National Union. The Conservative mass organization is much less disputatious; at the constituency level it rarely debates policy questions and in annual conference it is even less likely than the Labor conference to reject the advice of its leaders. Indeed the Conservative conference contemplates its leaders in variegated moods of deference and adulation.

Focuses on British Ecological Society's summer meeting held at Wester Ross in 1966 in Great Britain. Objectives of the meeting; Organizers of the meeting; Schedule of the meeting.