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A number of operational situations exist in which certain facilities are available and where a number of commodities must be processed on some or all of these facilities. The paper describes an algorithm to generate schedules which are near optimal or optimal with respect to the total processing time of all the commodities, the idle time of facilities and production rate. Thus, these schedules are characterized by near minimal or minimal total processing time and idle time of facilities and near maximal or maximal production rate. Usually this algorithm does not result in the desired schedule after the first application; it is therefore proposed to generate a set "D" of schedules from which the desired schedule can be selected. A decision rule determines the optimal number of elements belonging to set D. In order to justify the concept of the algorithm for the determination of the schedules mentioned above, an analysis is given of the decision tree associated with the sequencing model in terms of the probabilities related to the nodes in the decision tree. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is concerned with randomized experiments with one treatment. Two randomization schemes are considered: randomized pairs and unrestricted randomization. If effective at all, the treatment is supposed to affect the conditional distribution of the "experimental" variable Y given another variable X, called "predictor". The distribution of X is not affected by the treatment. Using the general theory published elsewhere, the paper deduces the locally asymptotically optimal test of the hypothesis that the treatment has no effect. Apart from the usual difficulties connected with asymptotic tests (how large must N be?), the theory is easily applicable in many "live" cases even though the conditional distribution of Y given X may contain nuisance parameters and be of unusual form. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper extends the current state of public facilities location problems on a road network to cover situations in which the number of users at each node may be a random variable. The basic location model is reformulated as a chance-constrained programming problem with fractile criterion. A computational procedure for solving the non-linear deterministic equivalent problem derived is presented. Finally, a hypothetical numerical example illustrates the possibility of changes in the location decision when the stochastic nature of the problem is taken into account. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper expands the diffusion of information models developed by Funkhouser and McCombs (1972) to include situations involving simple interaction processes and more complicated situations involving both mass mediated messages and interactively mediated messages. This paper develops discrete time models of information diffusion as opposed to the continuous time models developed by Coleman (1964) and Bartholomew (1967) and others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When information is required about the forces acting on the needles in different cam systems, it is clearly more desirable to measure these forces directly than to measure the over-all machine torque. This paper describes a method for measuring the needle forces directly, and an examination is made of some of the information obtained from the force-measuring device used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has been shown in the preceding paper how high-speed cam systems were desired to give substantial increases in the rate of fabric production of weft-knitting machinery. This paper provides a detailed analysis of the effect of cam shape on the knitting-yarn tensions, machine performance, and individual needle forces. It is explained that, although the yarn tensions developed within the knitting cycle are greater for high-speed cams than for conventional linear cams, these tensions do not affect the resulting fabric appearance or the machine performance. In addition, calculations of individual needle forces and high-speed trials indicate that speeds many times as great as commercial speeds may be achieved with the mathematically designed high-speed cams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The section of "Yarn Production and Properties," presents information about the process of carding. The mathematical analysis of the evening power of a card has been carried out by a researcher. He divides the card into many homogeneous sections and analyzes the time for a fibre to shift through each of the sections, in terms of its mean and variability. Although three research papers discussed in the article are concerned with cotton carding, but same general principles are applicable to woollen and worsted carding.

This paper presents the graphical analysis and design considerations of multi-input sine comparators whose mathematical analysis has already been presented in an earlier paper by the authors (Anti Kumar and Parthasarathy 1967). Particular emphasis is placed on the design of a circuit, using semiconductor components, which provides a quadrilateral polar characteristic on the impedance plane. Novelties of design include a reactance reach, increased tolerance to fault resistance as the fault point moves towards the relay location, directional feature and independent control of each line segment constituting the quadrilateral, so that the fault area and tho relay characteristic could be closely matched. Test results show the negligible transient overreach and a constant operating time which is 1 1/2 cycles or less, and irrespective of fault location. The flexibility of design enables it to be used as a three-zone stepped time-distance relay or in conjunction with pilot schemes.
Test results show the versatility of the unit and the flexibility of the comparator theory. By suitable modifications of only the input signals, any desired characteristics can be easily obtained as dictated by system requirements. Special care has been taken to use similar switching blocks so that replacement is rendered simple. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper compares the Pearson Chi-Square and Kolmogorov goodness-of-fit tests with respect to validity under the following conditions: (1) the N independent observations are tabulated and arranged into k mutually exclusive groups that are equally probable under the hypothesis to be tested; and (2) both N and k are "small"; i.e., not greater than 50. A random sampling experiment was performed, and the results show that in general for the conditions considered, the Pearson test is more valid than the Kolmogorov test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optimization techniques are widely used in many areas and frequently developments of a technique in one area open up opportunity for its use in other areas. This paper presents examples of how the newer techniques have contributed to the improvement in technological processes.
After a brief discussion of optimization, available optimization techniques are classified and the principles of constraint and uncertainty programming outlined.
The application of current techniques to design problems in various production disciplines are then discussed and the Appendix presents some problem solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a number of results relating to the theory and estimation of improvement curves and to some of the consequences of the improvement phenomenon, such as the importance of labour turnover, the effect on costs of breaking production runs and the need to modify the traditional optimum lot size formula. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given a structured system with variable size and transitions at the end of each period, the paper's objective is to determine the optimum proportions of admission to obtain a given relative distribution in each grade or level of the system. The model used is markovian determinist and proportions of transition are time-homogeneous. Polygonal approximations are introduced to solve the non-linear program. A complete numerical illustration is included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Two problems are discussed in this paper. In the first, the effect of the deposition of fibres in open-end-spinning systems on the yarn irregularity produced is considered. The drafting operations are divided into two types, that is, System I and System II. System I is the type in which fibres are accelerated when the leading ends arrive at a point or a specified area, and System II is the type in which the trailing ends are accelerated in the same way as those of System I. System II is more profitable if the fibres have non-uniform length, and the leading-fibre-end-density function contains most of the irregularity. The rotating-drum spinning method is also considered from the viewpoint of yarn irregularity, and the range of wavelengths that should be decreased by this method is calculated. The conclusion is that the total draft must be smaller than 2πR/l, where R is the inner radius of the drum and l is the mean fibre length. The second problem concerns the separation draft. Open-end drafting systems require very high drafts for separating the fibres. The problem is to determine what value of draft is needed. The conclusion reached is that perfect separation is impossible because of the random arrangement of fibres. The probability of separation is presented and calculated theoretically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rate of fabric production from a circular-knitting machine is determined by the number of feeding stations and the circumferential speed of the machine. An examination of the modern commercial machine reveals that the point has now been reached at which only marginal increases in rates of fabric production can be achieved if conventional linear-cam systems continue to be used. This paper describes how mathematically shaped cams were designed and constructed, and evidence is provided to show that these cams can be used on commercial knitting machines to increase the production to more than twice the normal rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes a detailed theoretical and experimental investigation into the relationship between wool-fibre non-uniformities and stress-strain behaviour. The shape of the stress-strain curve in the yield region is closely related to the fibre cumulative cross-sectional-area distribution. The fibre-material yield slope is found to be nearly zero, and the changes from Hookean to yield region and from yield to post-yield region for the material are quite sharp. The observed relative yield slope (relative to the stress at 15% extension) and the coefficient of variation of area interact in the manner predicted except that there are quantitative differences between the experimentally and theoretically derived relationships; these deviations are interpreted as structural effects due to fluctuations in the stress at 15% extension along the fibres, a variation that is relatively independent of the changes in cross-sectional area along the fibres. The mean effective coefficient of variation of area due to this structural variation is found to be of the same magnitude as the mean coefficient of variation of area for the wool-fibre types examined. Previous results relating crimp to the cross-sectional area and the Hookean slope are confirmed; within the fibre groups, thicker fibres have a higher crimp level and a lower relative Hookean slope (relative to the stress at 15% extension), whereas between groups the thicker fibres have a lower crimp level and a higher relative Hookean slope than thinner fibres. The stress at 15% extension is significantly different for the different wool-fibre types, which indicates real structural differences between the fibre types. As the fibre mean cross-sectional area increases, the fibres show a tendency to be structurally ‘stronger’, the magnitude of this effect agreeing with values obtained by other investigators. Thinner fibres, as well as being structurally ‘weaker’, tend to be more variable in cross-sectional area and less elliptical in cross-section. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mathematical analysis of the radiation from a dielectric coated prolate spheroidal core loop antenna surrounded by a plasma sheath is considered in this paper. In order to satisfy boundary conditions, the angular prolate spheroidal function S(C,) of one region is expanded in terms of another region. Therefore, the formal results are presented in terms of infinite matrices. A choice of the truncation of such an infinite matrix by a finite number of its elements depends mainly on the rapidity of the Convergence of the expansion of the angular spheroidal function for one medium in terms of those for another medium.
In order to determine the nature of convergence of such expansion of angular functions, some numerical results are presented. These results should be useful in the final numerical calculation of the field. Numerical results show that the minimum number of terms in the expansion necessary to approximate the function S(c,) in terms of S1ι(c,) within a given accuracy, remains practically the same when S1ι(c,) is also expanded in terms of S(c,).
In the limit of zero eccentricity, expressions for the corresponding radiation problem for spherical geometry are also presented. This result may be applicable to satellite communications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents in a form convenient for applications a number of bounds for distributions with monotone hazard rate. These bounds, together with their proofs and various generalizations have been obtained by Barlow and Marshall (1964). However, many of them can be characterized only through solutions of transcendental equations, and machine calculation has been necessary to make them accessible. Section 2 gives a listing of the results, and those without explicit forms are tabulated. Section 3 lists various related bounds which are of interest for purposes of comparison, and for use when the hypothesis of monotone hazard rate is not satisfied. Applications of the bounds are discussed in Section 4, together with some numerical examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper harmonic analysis is employed to investigate regional variations of the annual march of precipitation over Canada. In order to examine the regional variations of the annual march of precipitation, the researcher is confronted with the problem of presenting variations of space as well as time. A method of objectively describing and mapping these space-time characteristics of precipitation is that of harmonic analysis. Before proceeding to examine the area distribution of the two major variance components, the annual and semiannual, it is useful to establish the distribution of the total variance and also the relationship of the two major components to the total variance and to one another.

In recent years, a number or authors have identified conditions on individual preference orders that imply transitive majorities or which imply that at least one alternative is not beaten by any other alternative under simple majority comparison. Within the context of a three-alternative situation, this paper summarizes these contributions and proves several new results that complete an analysis of sets of individual preference orders that guarantee a simple-majority winner among the three alternatives. Along with guarantees and odd-guaratees for sets of strict partial orders authors of this article consider the guaratees notions when all orders are required to be weak orders. Four definitions will be used to identify restrictions on individual preference orders taht will be used in the analysis. The article further presents numerical presentation of the research topic.

The purpose of this article is to formulate some convenient summary measures for describing female lifetime fertility experience and, using these measures, to investigate certain macro-demographic consequences of changes in cohort childbearing patterns. Authors' aim is in part to report some substantive results relating to the effects of fertility changes and in part to illustrate what they think is a promising methodological approach. This article formulates some convenient summary measures of fertility patterns. These measures, which are based on the Gompertz function, are total lifetime fertility, median age of mothers at childbirth, and inter-quartile range of age of mothers at childbirth. Estimates of the parameters of Gompertz function, based on Canadian data, are used to derive, for each of the summary measures, values, which reflect historical fertility experience, and thus give an impression about the range of realistic values for these measures. A simple model of demographic activity, which includes the Gompertz function, is also considered, and this model is used in computer simulation experiments to determine the macro-demographic effects of changes in each of the three summary measures.

A multiple-choice item is called ideal if all its alternatives are equally attractive to every person who cannot answer the item correctly without guessing. This paper discusses reasons for attempting to construct ideal items, develops methods for testing whether items are ideal or at least more nearly ideal than other items, and presents examples of both ideal and nonideal items. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The designing of some multi-factor "analytical" studies of survey data is considered in this paper. It is assumed that, for each factor, there are two categories of interest and these are to be compared. The main objective is to allocate the sample so that the desired precision for the specified contrasts is obtained at minimum cost. It is assumed that one may sample independently in each of the sub-populations under investigation. A model is employed to facilitate designing and analyzing such a survey. We discuss the relevance of this model for "analytical studies," and a few examples are presented. Several survey objectives are explored, and an optimal allocation is obtained for each. Two, three and four-factor studies are considered explicitly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper reports the results of several sampling experiments investigating the sensitivity of various simultaneous-equations estimators to errors in the exogenous variables, stochastic coefficients, heteroskedastic disturbances and autocorrelated disturbances. The estimates studied are direct least squares, two-stage least squares, Nagar's unbiased k-class estimator, limited-information maximum likelihood, three-stage least squares, and full-information maximum likelihood. Stochastic coefficients altered the ranking of the estimators and increased their dispersions greatly. The other conditions did not produce great changes in the rankings of the estimators, the central tendencies of their distributions or the usefulness of their standard errors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dealt with in this paper is the analysis of phenomena involving simultaneous responses among members of small groups during a finite number of discrete time intervals. An exact combinatorial test obtained by conditioning on the sufficient statistics under a null hypothesis is proposed. A specific application of this test is given for the analysis of asthma attack data of asthmatic individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of Fourier or spectral methods for the seasonal adjustment of economic and other time series has recently been suggested; see for example Hannah [3], [4]. The case in which the seasonal pattern does not change appreciably from year to year has been covered in some detail but methods appropriate to an evolving seasonal pattern have been given only a little attention. The present paper discusses the nature of evolving seasonal patterns which may arise in economic series and examines a method due to Harman which may be used when the pattern is changing slowly over time. Although the suggested method is not readily mechanized for routine application on a large scale since some personal judgments are called for, it is found useful in detailed studies and might well be applied to any series for which traditional methods are not adequate; it is also applicable to the problem of prediction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents a mathematical analysis on the determination of electron density profile distribution. Types of electron density; Modes of cavity; Illustration of mathematical equations.

The mathematical analysis on which this data communication system is based is developed. For binary data transmission, a binary PSK system is developed in which the waveform corresponding to binary data is modulated onto a PSK signal (a r.f. carrier) consisting of pseudo-random binary signals (PRBS) based on m-sequences. The optimum detection of the binary data in the presence of an additive white noise, by the digital matched-filter receiver, is investigated on analogy with the system identification (pattern-recognition) technique. For the transmission of continuous information over a noisy channel, an optimized M-PSK system is developed, in which the continuous signal is first converted into binary waveform by delta-sigma modulation and this binary waveform is then modulated onto a PSK signal consisting of PRBS based on m-sequences. The receiver for this system, is a digital matched-filter (PSK detector) followed by a M decoder. The expressions for the output signal-to-noise ratios of the binary PSK and the optimized M-PSK systems are also established. For the binary PSK system, the output SNR is found to be proportional to the length of the pseudo-random m-sequence and is also independent of the transmission bandwidth. For the optimized -PSK system the output SNR is found to be proportional to the fifth power of the transmission bandwidth and inversely proportional to the fourth power of the length of the pseudo-random m-sequence. An expression for the probability of error is also derived for threshold detection of the transmitted message data by the digital matched filter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This expository article details the effects of the choice of underlying models in the statistical analysis of regression. Tim two models considered are when all the data are jointly normally distributed and when the independent variables are assumed to be constants. The standard results for both these models are conditionally related to each other in a unified manner, and an example is given where new results in one model can be obtained from old results in the other model. Particular emphasis is devoted to demonstrating differences that arise in power function considerations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The changes in pressure, velocity, and energy of a liquid particle emanating from a submerged jet and flowing towards and through a porous medium are predicted. An expression is developed for the volumetric rate of flow of a liquid from a jet entering a porous medium, and the rate is shown to vary less than 20% when the distance from the jet nozzle to the porous medium is doubled. The pressure at any level in a compressible porous medium subjected to an initial uniform flow is determined. The distribution of flow within a layer of wool that is impinged upon by a submerged jet is found to be Gaussian, and photographic evidence shows the spread of the flow as it emerges from the downstream surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects on the conditions of flow of the surface and configurational properties of the fibres in a compressible porous layer are discussed. The characteristics of a layer of wool are evaluated, and its compressibility is determined. It is shown that, when a liquid of initial uniform pressure flows through a compressible porous medium, the pressure gradient within the medium increases with the distance of flow. The resulting pressure drop is found to depend on a function of the ratio of the downstream to the upstream porosity of the compressible medium. Experimental results are reported for permeable flow through various layers of loose wool; these indicate that, when the flow is disturbed turbulent, the pressure drop through the layers is proportional to the square of the filter velocity. This result is not readily apparent from the graphs of pressure drop against filter velocity because of the compressibility of the fibres. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The characteristics of a submerged free turbulent jet are evaluated. The distribution of pressure produced by a free streamline jet impinging on a flat surface is found to be Gaussian. An analysis is made of the distribution of pressure when a submerged plane free turbulent jet impinges on a flat impervious surface, and it is found that the stagnation pressure is negligible beyond twice the width of the jet's nozzle. This is confirmed by evidence from experiments with a water jet in air impinging on a flat plate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cassie's theory of propagation of heat and moisture changes in beds of wool fibres is re-examined by means of the method of characteristics. Substantial differences result in the predictions of the theory by treating the coefficients of the pertinent differential equations as functions of the dependent variables rather than as constants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study is made of the effect of uniplanar crimps on the resistance of filaments to bending, both in the plane and perpendicular to the plane of the crimps. Results are verified by bending steel wires, and some attention is paid to the bending of wool staples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A geometrical model of the smallest repeating unit or structural knitted cell (SKC) of the fully relaxed 1 x 1 rib structure is proposed. This model, based on an elastica configuration, suggests that the dimensions of the SKC are independent of the yam flexural rigidity and yarn-deformative forces but are dependent on the ratio of structural-cell stitch length (lu) to yam diameter. Over the practical knitting range, however, this dependence is small. A series of four non-dimensional parameters, or u-values, is introduced to specify the dimensional properties of this structure. The average numerical values of these parameters are calculated. A comprehensive experimental analysis of fully relaxed 1 x 1 rib fabrics shows that the experimental w-values are close to those established theoretically. Full relaxation is obtained by tumble-drying the structures from a wet state for 1 hr at 70°C, this being followed by conditioning in a standard atmosphere. No felting is observed during this relaxation procedure. Empirical u-values of the fully relaxed state are found to be independent of most yam and machine variables. A small dependence on the machine-tightness factor (K) is noted, however. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The realization of sound lengths, short lengths, seconds, etc., in the cutting and packing of fabrics in the warehouse depends on several factors, such as the incidence of unpassable defects, the method of cutting, the specification of sound pieces, and the length doffed at the loom. Formulae derived to determine the percentage realization of sound lengths, short lengths, seconds, fents, and rags under different sets of conditions are presented. The formulae were found to be sufficiently accurate for use in practice by verification on a few samples. A case study involving the application of the formulae is given as an example. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An analysis is given from which equations can be derived that relate the variations of twist factor, tension, and yam path through a false-twist friction spindle. The solution of these (differential) equations leads to predictions about the dependence of over-all twist factor and tension ratio on, among other parameters, the ratio of yam speed to spindle speed, the angle of wrap, and the input tension. These are compared with the early experimental results of Arthur and Weller and with more recent results. The equations also yield the variation of twist factor and tension over the spindle surface and could be used to estimate wear. The early part of the analysis would have general application in any situation in which a yarn is moving over a surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A scaled-up model of the air-jet has recently thrown more light on the mechanism of the process and on the construction of bulked yarns of the Taslan type. This in turn has led to a mechanical method of simulating the air-jet action. The simulation of the process has been so effective that yarns of the air-jet-bulked type can now be produced by a novel method that does not use the air-jet. The apparatus is described, together with certain processing requirements found necessary for maintaining product quality. The new process is analysed mathematically, and comments are made regarding its feasibility as a possible commercial method of making yarns of the air-textured type without using compressed air. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The theory of the extension of continuous-filament yarns is re-examined by means of energy methods and presented in much simpler terms than those previously given. The essential statement of the theory is contained in four equations, which can be used as a basis for numerical computation. The limitations and possible generalizations of the theory are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A mathematical model is presented that accounts for the distribution of vegetable particles in the beard of a rectilinear comb. The average advancement of a particle in a particular cross-section is dependent on the proportion of moving fibres and the time for which they move in that section. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vegetable particles found in rectilinear-combed top appear to originate largely from a region near the front of the top comb. From here and elsewhere, their transfer to the combed sliver seems to be dependent on the proportion of the number of fibres in transit and on how firmly they are held. A simple mathematical theory is presented that supports this view. The transfer of neps to combed sliver is also dependent on these factors and on whether they have a fibre extending from them into the detaching zone according to the nep distributions in the detached tufts, many of them originate from behind the top comb. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The section of "Yarn Production and Properties," presents information about the production methods of textured yarn including that of false-twist machines. There are two machines, that work on the friction-twisting principle. Several new patents include methods of friction-twisting, but perhaps, it is important that although all the patentees produce false-twist machines, none of them makes a friction twister. One of the researchers has given a mathematical analysis of the development of false twist at the start-up of the process, which is probably the most complete treatment available till now.

A simple generalized analysis of a centre-fed dipole antenna with feed-points displaced arbitrarily (DAFDA) is presented. Mathematical expressions for the far field radiation pattern, radiation resistance, power gain, directivity and effective aperture are developed. The variation in the properties of this dipole configuration for various values of feed-point displacement R is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Experimental investigations are carried out to verify the recently known theoretical properties of a centre-fed dipole antenna with feed-points displaced transverse to its axis (DAFDTA) A comparative study of the theoretical and experimental properties of a DAFDTA for various feed-point displacement R is presented. The experimental set-up and measurement technique are illustrated by schematic diagrams and actual photographs along with a systematic step by step procedure. It is found that theoretical and experimental results are in good agreement for feed-point displacement R less than 01. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A method is given here for fitting a quadratic subject to restrictions on the location of the extreme point which is conceptually somewhat different from that proposed by Cunia [1]. The solution is presented as a special case of the general quadratic programming problem, that is, minimizing a quadratic function subject to restrictions on the variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A table of critical values of the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Statistic is presented for N = 4(1)100 pairs of observations at one-tail probability levels of .00005, .0005, .0025, .005(.005).025, .050(.025).150, and .20(.05).45. Probabilities were computed accurately to at least 6 digits, regardless of the location of the decimal point. Therefore, all critical values are correct as tabled. Normal approximation probabilities were found to be biased, too small at the .05 level but too large at the .005 and .0005 probability levels. Approximation errors were less than 10% for all N >35 for the .05, .025, and .005 one-tail probability levels; but this degree of accuracy was not achieved at the .0005 level for N = 100. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Where Youden's extreme rank sum test is used, an early decision is often possible by performing the trials in sequence with the following method. After each trial is completed, the greatest lower bound and least upper bound of both extreme rank sums are calculated for all remaining trials. If the critical regions cover either or both intervals of the statistics or the intervals lie completely outside the critical regions, the round-robin test is terminated with the acceptance of the proper hypothesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Results are developed for play-the-winner sampling for choosing the better of two binomial populations when the maximum number of tests is specified. It is shown that for a fixed number of tests the probability of correct selection with alternating assignment exceeds that for play- the-winner sampling. However, when the probability of correct selection is fixed, neither sampling method is uniformly better than the other as measured by the expected number of tests on the poorer population, or on the total expected number of tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents a mathematical analysis on obtaining ratio of time-varying voltages of radio meters for process instrumentation. Illustration of the block diagram; Construction of comparator circuits; Increase in voltage across charging condensers.