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The conditions for the production of paper pulp from rice straw by the alkali process have been investigated. About 22% of soda on the weight of the straw used in 3% solution, a temperature of 100–05°C. and a cooking period of 3 hours have been found to be satisfactory. With a view to effect economy in alkali the mother liquor has been used in a subsequent double boiling process yielding paper pulp of good quality. In a straw having cellulose (Cross and Bevan) 37·5% the yield of paper pulp is about 44%. The characteristics of the pulp are described in detail.

FOR quantitative determinations of amino-acids separated on filter paper, it is often desirable that the spots should contain a larger quantity of substance than is as a rule possible to achieve with unaffected resolution. A one-dimensional technique in which the substance to be analysed is applied along a line across the paper has been described by Yanofsky, Wasserman and Bonner1. I have successfully applied the following two-dimensional technique for separating comparatively large quantities of amino-acids in bacterial hydrolysates.

In a paper which appeared a few years ago the authors investigated the exponential representation of functions analytic in the upper half-plane with positive imaginary part there [1]. We refer to that paper in the sequel as A-D. One of the principal results of A-D, there called Theorem A, can be extended to a considerably more general result, the proof of which is perhaps simpler than that given in A-D. We give the extended version of Theorem A here. We will use the notations and results of A-D without further explanations. Before we present the extension and its proof we would like to add some information that by oversight was omitted from the list of fundamental properties of the functions in the class P given in Section 1 of A-D. In such a comprehensive review one should mention that the classical theorem on representation of a positive harmonic function in a circle by a Poisson-Stieltjes integral is due to G. Herglotz [2]. The following results of L. H. Loomis [3] were not given: XVII. For all ~ for which /t[~] = O, the limits lira Im[~b(~ + iq)] ~l~ O and lira hOg(A) exist and are f ini te simultaneously and are equal. Their ~ 0 common value is the symmetric derivative of #(A) at 2 = ~ multiplied by ~r. XVIII. I f for two values of 0 in the interval 0 < 0 < ~

Experiments were conducted over three years to determine the effect on yield of storing seed potatoes in paper sacks, with or without the use of the sprout-suppressant tetrachloronitrobenzene (TCNB). Treatment with TCNB increased the proportion of small tubers and decreased the proportion of large ones, even when the crop was grown at wide spacing. There was insufficient evidence to confirm any advantage which paper sacks may have over jute sacks as containers for TCNB-treated potatoes. In comparison with storage in jute sacks under the same conditions, the storage of untreated potatoes in plain paper sacks was found to have no detrimental effect on either total yield or the yield of large tubers.

In spite of significant increases in yield of potatoes from the use of mulch paper, its use on a commercial scale is not likely because of the cost of the paper. The paper used in this experiment cost at retail $7 a roll of 300 linear yards or at the rate of over $100 an acre. Even though it could be bought in large quantity at half this cost, the difference between this and the value of the increased crop at 40 cents a bushel would still be in favor of cultivation. The average cost per acre of cultivating potatoes on 100 western New York farms in 1931 was $6.75. Under present methods of applying mulch paper, the saving in cost of cultivation would be far more than outweighed by the cost of applying the paper.

IN the original publication by Consden, Gordon and Martin1 on the application of partition chromatography on filter paper to the separation of amino-acids, the positions of these acids were determined by spraying the whole of the paper with a 0 1 or 0·05 per cent solution of ninhydrin in butanol. This procedure appears to have been adopted by subsequent workers in spite of inherent objections to the use of butanol in a fine spray in more or less close proximity to the operator. To avoid this objection, and to determine whether this stage could be entirely eliminated, a series of 'runs' has been made in which the ninhydrin has been incorporated in the moving phase.

The effectiveness of CIPC-treated paper bags in inhibiting the sprouting and shrinkage of Red Pontiac table stock potatoes in simulated marketing channels was studied. Treatments included all possible combinations of four sets of variables: [a] condition of potatoes: washed and unwashed, [b] type of bag: solid-wall and mesh-window, [c] size of bag: 10-lb and 25-lb, and [d] treatment of bag: 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 grams CIPC per 60 lb ubers.

TheU i statistic, discussed by Creager and Valentine in a recent paper, is defined as a standard error of estimate for the regression of a composite, consisting ofn components, on then−1 components, exclusive of thejth component. It is shown that this standard error equals the standard error of estimate for the prediction of thejth component from the othern−1 components. This equality is used to suggest an efficient procedure to compute all primary uniquenessesU i .

This note is concerned with the computer implementation of Polya's paper [8] for determining the zeros of a special class of entire functions. Grau's modification to the Graeffe process [6] is utilised to bound the iterated coefficients.

In the paper here commented upon, its author discusses the various versions of the discovery of X-ray diffraction under the aspect of the formation and embellishment of myths of origin of the clan formed by crystallographers. To that effect, he endeavours to show that most details of the traditional descriptions of motives and obstacles encountered in the planning of the Laue-Friedrich-Knipping experiment are fictitious and fabricated for the purpose of giving the clan a separate identity. This interpretation by the author is possible only because he fails to appreciate the vagueness of the physical information confronting Lauebefore the experiment. To make his interpretation plausible, the author repeatedly aggrandizes statements taken from the literature, especially from Laue's Nobel Lecture and from the Festschrift for the semicentennial of the discovery. These unjustified accents, needed in support of his main thesis, show that his scheme is pre-conceived, artificial, and unnecessary.

The paper ‘A Homological Foundation for Scale Problems in Physics’ (Atkin & Bastin, 1970) is criticised on account of several inconsistencies in the argument. Possible applications of the general ideas used are then discussed in the context of a ‘quantum logic’ type of framework.

The dynamic response of an infinite, elastic plate to a steadily moving transverse force is studied under the so-called improved plate theory. Analytic solutions for the subsonic and the intersonic cases are obtained using the method of integral transforms. The usual difficulty of the nonuniqueness of the steady-state solutions is circumvented by formulating the problems as initial value problems and then seeking the large time limits of the solutions of such initial value problems. The subsonic and intersonic solutions obtained here are similar to that obtained previously for the supersonic case. However, in contrast with the supersonic solution, which contains two families of Mach lines, the subsonic solution contains no Mach lines and the intersonic solution contains only one family of Mach lines.

Above method of evaluating the mean value and the root-mean-square deviation of a number of observations with a simultaneous checking of deviations from a normal distribution curve requires a fraction of the time normally required by conventional analytical methods.

Results of A. Feldzamen on semi-similarity of operators are proved here using matrix methods. The use of these methods yields simpler proofs, the formulations of the theorems assume a more transparent form.

By determining the germinating power of potatoes of the Bintje variety it could be clearly demonstrated that seed potatoes (also when stored without sprouts at 2 C)-undergo changes in their germinating power and exhibit senility symptoms about twelve months after being harvested.

The theory of constructive formation of plane algebraic curves in Newton's writings is discussed in § 1: the apparatus by which Newton forms the curves, Newton's theorems on forming unicursal curves, his theory of conics, and his theory of (m, n) correspondence. Special Cremona plane and space transformations obtained by Newton's organic method are dealt with in § 2. The article ends with § 3, which shows two different directions in the theory of the constructive formation of plane algebraic curves in the XVIII-XIXth centuries. A synopsis is appended.

Two lower bounds of Sperb for the first eigenvalue of an elastically attached membrane are proved in an elementary way.

For every separable Banach spaceX there is a Banach spaceY with a separable dual such thatY ⊕X* ≈Y**. There is also a separable spaceZ so thatZ**/JZ is isomorphic toX.

Let H be a real or complex Hilbert space and let L p(1≦p

This is a short exposition and slight reorgnization of Hahn’s work concerning discrete real time flows with quasi-discrete spectra.

The aim of this short note is to improve some recent results of B. Grunbaum by some remarks. We use Grunbaum's notations.

Most theories of human action investigated primarily with respect to its efficiency, which came into existence during the last nearly 100 years (some of which have been christened by their authors praxeology or praxiology) are empirical ones. Prof. Gutierrez' elegant critique of ‘the extraordinary claim of praxeology’ to have an aprioristic character should be thus limited to v. Mises' (exceptional among other praxeologists) aprioristic approach. In any case that critique does not apply to the Polish school of Praxeology founded by T. Kotarbinski.

In sections 2 and 3 two methods for proving the non existence of certain universal Banach spaces, are presented. In section 4 it is proved that every infinite-dimensional conjugate Banach space has a two-dimensional subspace whose unit cell is not a polygon.

In a recent paper,Verma andSrivastava [1] discussed the vibrations of an inhomogeneous, transradially isotropic, spherical shell. An assumption made by these authors at the very outset appears to be incorrect. Consequently, most of the equations and results obtained by them are either wrong or irrelevant. The purpose of this note is to point out these mistakes and give the corresponding correct results.

In one of his papers,Bahadur proved two major Theorems. In this note, a shorter proof of one of them, and a different version of the other, are given.

It is shown that one of the results of Schaefer can be obtained in a more elementary way and can be improved. This is an immediate corollary of a paper of the author Duke Math. J.19, 75---91 (1952).

The purpose of this note is to give some corrections and supplements to the paper [1] ofG. Feichtinger; especially we show that theorem 1 is wrong, prove the correct version of this theorem and make some comments on the notion of normal automorphism.

The proof of a recently enunciated theorem on the occurrence of a gas-liquid phase transition is shown to be defective in several respects. Also, it is argued that the theorem itself very probably does not hold.