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The article reports on the implications of the efforts taken by John Madigan, a teacher at the Saint Thomas College in Saint Paul, Minnesota on marking the examination of papers of his pupils with odoriferous chemicals. Madigan's efforts have showed an astonishing 30 percent improvement in grades. He has scented examination papers which are satisfactory with attar of roses and those that are not so good with hydrogen sulfide and failures with butyric acid. He has also checked students' tardiness.

The article focuses on an increase in the inclusion of world news in college newspapers. The front page of the papers are loaded with news from across the globe leaving no space to include the news of college and campus affairs. According to Fred L. Kildow, director of the Associated Collegiate Press, and professor in the journalism department of the University of Minnesota, students are more concerned about the world outside than the issues on government, politics, war, and labor.

The article presents a news brief related to research at the University of Minnesota Industrial Relations Center in Minnesota, as of July 1, 1972. The research of faculty members Mahmood Zaidi and Mario Bognanno is highlighted. Topics of research at the institute include labor unions, organizational behavior, and personnel management.

A conference paper that discusses the results of a research study conducted to compare the accuracy of using clinical versus roentgenolic methods for the diagnosis of dental caries is presented. The paper was read at the 16th General Meeting of the International Association for Dental Research (IADR) held in Minneapolis, Minnesota from March 12-13, 1938.

The article features the paper, an entry for the 1970 American Association of Colleges for Teacher Education Distinguished Achievement Awards, titled "Urban Area Elementary Student Teaching Program," by the University of Minnesota. The paper presents the program initiated by the University aimed at preparing prospective elementary teachers for inner city schools. The report stressed that student teachers were able to understand the sources of problems encountered in inner city classrooms by knowing the background of the family, the students, and the community.

The article presents the general outline of research projects in reading that was being compiled at the University of Minnesota during 1960s in Minnesota. The university conducted a national survey that determines the status of opinions and practices of reading readiness among kindergarten pupils. The author was able to identify that the problem of the first grade teacher is the method or the technique of measuring perception without an advanced psychometric instruments and techniques in reading.

Analysis of changes in the size and composition of the American labor force has generally depended on data derived from general population and labor-force surveys such as the decennial census. Data from these sources limit severely the extent to which the interrelationships among various factors influencing laborforce participation can be investigated, nor do such data permit prediction of which individuals will or will not enter the labor force. This study of a sample of married women in St. Paul, Minnesota, attempted an analysis of the interrelationships among a set of variables selected because of their presumed influence on the labor-force participation of such women. Previous employment experience was found to be the single, most important predictor of labor-force participation, but was modified by such factors as age and the presence of small children in the home. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article highlights the proceedings of the meeting of the Teachers' Association of Hennepin county in Minnesota. "The Advantages of the Township System," has been presented by Edson Tucker. Fannie E. Gupil presented her paper "Literature as the Basis of Language." J.H. Watson presented his paper "Psychology."

The article highlights a meeting held by the Freeborn County Teachers' Association in Albert Lea, Minnesota. A paper on "Corporal Punishment" by a superintendent led to a conclusion that discipline must be maintained in schools. Professor J. C. Alling presented the paper "The Relation of Mental Training to Education."

The article reports on the move of the General Education Board to publish a valuable paper by Lotus D. Coffman, dean of the School Education in the Minnesota High Schools. The paper is entitled "Teacher Training Departments in the Minnesota High Schools," which tells the story about the origin, struggles, growth and present successful operation of the system of preparing in the high schools, trained teachers for rural schools.

Focuses on the speech given by Macdonald Critchley, president of the World Federation of Neurology in the 25th annual meeting of the Orton Society, the World Congress on Dylexia on the importance of the biochemical aspects of learning disabilities in Rochester, Minnesota. Chemical reactions of myelination; Views of human cycle of birth; Highlights of the convention.

The article reports on the revisions in the certification regulations for teachers in Minnesota. The copies of a preprint on teacher certification were sent to the Teacher Education for Professional Standards Commission. The paper had put emphasis on the standards of admission as an attribute of teaching profession.

The article presents the highlights of the 30th annual meeting of the Minnesota Educational Association held in Saint Paul on December 27 and 29, 1892. The High School Declamatory Contest were participated by a representative from the congressional district in the state. One of the speaker read the paper "The Authority and Duties of County Superintendents Under the Statutes." Among the officers elected were R. E. Denfeld and G. R. Simpson.

The article highlights the congresses and conventions by the Minnesota Educational Association. The annual meeting of the State Association was opened at the Capitol Building on January 1, 2006 by well known author, orator, and statesman Ignatius Donnelly. The author provides information on the events which took place. Moreover, names of educators, who presented their papers have been identified.

The article presents findings of public opinion polls on problems of war-time planning. In the article, a cross-section of the people of Red Wing, Minnesota, have been selected, such that all classes of individuals had an equal inclusion in the group to be interviewed. A group of 39 women of red Wing volunteered to make the canvass. Some of the results of the survey of opinions in Red Wing have been summarized briefly in the article. The majority of Red Wing citizens believe that war time rationing is necessary and support it. A majority prefer local boards of enforcing officials to Federal enforcing officials, thus seeming to oppose any tendency to bureaucracy. Majority opinion favors gradual scaling down of rationing regulations after the war. Community leaders are more decisive, as a rule, than the masses in holding such opinions. Those who were least decisive in their opinions, tended to have lower incomes on the average, followed the less skilled or unskilled occupations, and had slightly fewer years of school education, than those with more decided opinions.

The article presents information on the annual convention of county superintendents in Saint Paul, Minnesota. Superintendent A. M. Speary discusses the relations of superintendent to his constituency. A paper on school architecture was presented by an assistant state superintendent. Superintendent Agnes Lafley appealed for the enforcement of the Temperance Hygiene law.

The article presents updates on the field of education in Minnesota as of October 1886. The State Superintendent of Public Instruction has made the October apportionment of school funds. The primary schools in the Winthrop building in Minneapolis have been closed. Lake City High School sent hundreds of papers to the State High School Examiners.

This article reports on the thirty-ninth annual session of the Minnesota Educational Association held in Saint Paul, Minnesota in December 1901. The conference's attendance was large. The program was well arranged and carried out in its very detail. Much interest was manifested in the special sections, and many important topics of interest were made the basis of valuable papers.

The article reports that the Shattuck School in Faribault, Minnesota has issued a Circular of Information that is a work of art that graces a parlor table creditably. The circular features fifteen full-page illustrations of the grounds and various buildings. The letter press, paper and covers complete its artistic effect.

The article provides information on the convention of the county superintendents in Saint Paul, Minnesota. A paper on "Free Textbooks and the State Textbook Law," was read by C. J. Crandall of Pipestone County. Superintendent P. F. Ryan of Wabasha discussed on the compensation of teachers and superintendents.

The article reports that Ely, Minnesota superintendent C. H. Barnes has the best equipment and scheme for schoolroom manual training in the fourth and fifth grades. There is a bench with as complete an equipment as in any wood-working school shop in every room in the district. Each student is provided with a box of tools, including a coping saw, sand paper and liquid glue.

Information about several issues discussed at the meeting of the Northwestern Association of Educators held in Crookston, Minnesota on December 1, 1899 is presented. The former superintendent of the state delivered the openingaddress of the affair. A teacher presented a paper on "Individual Psychology." A brief discussion on "What the Common School Need Most" also existed. The whole afternoon of the affair devoted solely on supplemental reading.

The article provides information on the fourth semi-annual meeting of the Southern Minnesota Teachers' Association held in Mankato, Minnesota. Various papers on literature were read by Superintendent Sarah C. Brooks of the primary schools of Saint Paul. A short talk from Superintendent W. W. Pendergast was devoted at the evening session.

The article reports that Earl F. Campbell, a sign painter in Minneapolis, Minnesota, had been able to complete a dictionary which contains some 32,000 words of the Chippewa Indian language. Campbell began his work four years ago when he found a file of scraps of paper on which Chippewa words with their English equivalents were scribbled. These documents were left by his father, George M. Campbell, and were later found by him after his father died.

The article reports on the study investigating the effect of special efforts to improve the scholarship in various tool subjects, conducted by superintendent K. O. Snortum in Zumbrota, Minnesota. The said study will focus on the subjects including the use of the library, attendance, and studies in higher institutions after graduating from the high school. Moreover, the study revealed that in three years, the improvement on the state examinations of all papers rose from 48 to 61 percent.

The article focuses on the process of selecting students for the College of Education at the Universality of Minnesota in Minneapolis, Minnesota. The Student Personnel Office of the college will coordinate the program of admission and continuing selection. The selection program is organized by many university-wide services, which include the Student Counseling Bureau of the University, the Student Health Service and the Mental Hygiene Clinic, and the Speech and Hearing Clinic. Further, the arrangement that played an important influence on the development of the selection program was detailed. In addition, the College of Education's purpose is to admit those students who can accept teaching position, can function adequately as teachers, and can complete a degree program.

The article presents the results of one of the larger studies and reveals data related to the teacher education. The Minnesota Teacher Attitude Inventory (MTAI) is designed to measure the teacher's attitudes on relating with the pupils in interpersonal relationship. It establishes the validity of MTAI for predicting the ability of classroom teachers to create and maintain relationships with the pupils. It states the differences in teacher attitudes according to kind of teacher education institution attended.

First-year teaching is a trying experience for anyone. For the unusually confident and mature individual, this first year of professional work presents many challenges and problems. For the somewhat over-conscientious and idealistic, although potentially promising person, the achievements experienced may seem out of proportion to the failures, with the resulting decision to quit teaching for some other more lucrative and less harassing field of work. The author, in the article presented here, makes an interesting attack on the problem of how to keep our over-burdened and under-experienced beginning teachers with the profession. Mr. Bergstrom. formerly a public school teacher and a supervisor of student teaching at both the University, of Minnesota and Western Washington College of Education, is now Coordinator of Instructional Services for the University City (Missouri) Public Schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article delineates the special education laws and timetable of events in Minnesota which led to public school acceptance of responsibility for the education of hearing impaired infants in 1968. It describes an individually prescriptive regional public school program for 51 hearing impaired children from birth to 3 years of age and their parents located in Minneapolis, the host district. The components of service include tuition free placement in regular nursery schools and a parent teaching program. The author also identifies some critical variables in parent and child behavior and solicits future research based upon a sample of the hearing impaired population being educated in integrated nursery schools, kindergartens, and elementary classes for validation of a program of early oral and aural intervention which emphasizes parent teaching and home training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Special Education Instructional Improvement Laboratory at the University of Minnesota attempts to redefine the traditional IMC functions and to become a model for teacher education institutions. Expanded opportunities in service, research, search, development, and dissemination are the laboratory's goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since professor Samuel A. Stouffer's study in 1940, there have been a number of investigations corroborating his findings that there is a relationship between the number of migrants and some measure of the distance migrated. Despite the careful procedure and high quality of the research, it has not moved significantly beyond the framework given it by Stouffer, at least not in the direction of relating his variables to other sociological variables. This article reports an attempt to relate distance of migration to the sociological variable of socio-economic status, thereby tying migration theory into social stratification research. Hypothesis is that higher status persons, seeking the better jobs or "opportunities," must move a greater distance to find them on the average, than do persons whose skills or aspirations direct them to look for less desirable opportunities. Perhaps this means, that large corporations, which control many of the "opportunities" for which people move, are more likely to move their top people than their lower level personnel. Our hypothesis is limited to movement into urban American areas, and our data are limited to migrants into the Minneapolis area.

This article discusses the measurement in sociology. In addition to measurements which might derive from respondents' reports, there is the possibility of measurement which might be derived from an investigator's own observations of verbal or non-verbal behavior of the persons concerned. The Hawthorn studies of role behavior in an electrical plant were able to measure the range in individual output tolerated by members of a small work group which set its own restrictions on production even though members might at least in the short run profit more higher productivity. Such observations often are difficult to make and costly if an observer has to be on the spot more or less! continually for a long time. Moreover, actual behavior as observed may bear little or no relation at times to ideal behavior, which still may have to be ascertained from questioning respondents. Techniques for systematic recording of on-going behavior an themselves a complex of many ideas. Time sampling procedures for observing children in play groups were introduced at Minnesota a generation ago by sociologists and developed further by scholar Dorothy Thomas and associates at Yale.

The article discusses housing attitudes and their relation to tenure and evaluates attitude differences found between owners and renters in a Minneapolis sample. The original research plan called for a purposive sample stratified on the basis of six 1940 characteristics for which census data were available. Respondents were asked to give the family attitude and cases in which a division of opinion between husband and wife were reported as undecided. The greater stability of the sample is reflected in the significantly higher proportion of owners, the lower proportion of families with no young children, and the slightly higher educational level. The thirteen attitude questions included in the schedule may be divided for analysis into three groups concerned respectively with attitudes toward home ownership, respondent's satisfaction with his own housing arrangements, and attitudes toward public policy. Renters were asked about their preference for their home and make monthly payments on the purchase price instead of paying rent. Owners were asked if they can occupy their present home as a renter on a long term lease at reasonable rent.

Conflicts between aged parents and their children cannot be adequately explained by the traits of age or of youth or by the struggle for status between age groups. Specific disputes arise in the early years of each family and tend to persist throughout life. Their character is largely determined by the historical, cultural setting. Such conflicts may be diminished in the future by the disappearance of the rural pioneer mores or by reducing the dependence of the aged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A physician is the crucial factor in the organization and functioning of social institutions for health maintenance. The availability to the population of his skilled services, as well as his counsel and leadership in community organization, are antecedent to the achievement of desirable goals in the matters of health. While hospitals, clinical and other facilities are vitally important, it is needless to point out that they are secondary in importance to the professional personnel which mans them. With the maintenance of the public health assuming such major importance in the present national crisis, some knowledge of general trends in the distribution and characteristics of medical personnel in peace time should be of value. The distribution of physicians is shown to be inversely related to the fertility of the population; that is, the regions with the higher fertility ratios had the fewest doctors in proportion to the population, while the areas with lower fertility had relatively more doctors. The departure of physician from rural areas is undoubtedly related to economic factors. If medical care is to be regarded as of equal social importance to education, social action to make rural service more attractive to the professional personnel seems highly justified.

The experiments in pretesting described in this article have been selected to indicate the range of problems to which the technique has been applied in the preparation of one questionnaire. To those who plan to construct questionnaires, also emphasize the importance of applying the method of pretesting to the problems of increasing the reliability and validity of responses to questionnaires. Pretesting is essentially a trial and error procedure wherein the successful trials are repeated and the errors are avoided when the final questionnaire is sent to the final group. Through the wider use of pretesting, it may even be possible to appease the critics who have so frequently and justly condemned questionnaires of the past. More than six months were spent in the construction of this questionnaire, every page being revised at least five times before it reached final form. Additional experiments have been conducted in the preparation of a later questionnaire sent to all social case workers in Minnesota for the purpose of revising the curriculum in social work at the University of Minnesota. This second questionnaire will yield a higher proportion of returns than the first questionnaire described in this article, judging from the fact that two thirds of the social workers have already replied to this 50-page questionnaire which is still yielding returns.

The article evaluates the predictive validity of the Minnesota Teacher Attitude Inventory taking into consideration the attitudes of pupils toward school. The teachers who participated were graduates from the University of Minnesota and were teaching elementary classes. The pupil-attitude responses were obtained on form administered by the University Faculty members. The pupil form was entitled "How I Like School." Based on the results of the research, it can be interpreted that boys are not expected to like school than girls do. The greater prevalence of reading difficulties among boys, would interpret the observed sex difference in enjoying school activities.

The article reports on the arithmetic project conducted by the author for a class specials at Lincoln Junior High School in Minneapolis, Minnesota. The author spent several evenings during the week clipping newspaper advertisements of the food markets. The items were taken in the quantity advertised for those less advanced pupils and other more advanced pupils were asked to select quantities other than those listed. He made out a week end menus to add further interest and variety to the activity.

The article discusses the family camps in Camp Patterson, Lake Washington, near Mankato, Minnesota. The camp developed four years ago when the families which made up the Southern Minnesota Cerebral Palsy Club undertook the camp for family recreation and education. There should be at least one physically handicapped children on each families in order to join the camp. The Mankato Kiwanis Club furnishes the camp, and sponsor each handicapped child with $10 fee. The family camp became what its name suggests in the fourth year. There are more fathers who attended the camp, ideal weather contributed to a fine week of fishing, swimming, and cooking, and 14 children that are physically handicapped enjoyed the camp with 12 ordinary children.

The article highlights the third annual nutrition-education workshop, sponsored by Moorhead State Teachers College and General Mills Inc., held at the college campus of Moorhead in Minneapolis, Minnesota. The workshop enrolled 15 elementary and secondary teachers from Minnesota, North Dakota, and Montana. Representatives from the Minnesota and North Dakota State Departments of Education and members of the college staff served as consultants. One phase of the in-service-education program at Moorhead State Teachers College was implemented through the teachers' guidance institute, which was held during the week prior to the opening of summer school as a joint project of the college and the State Dept. of Education.