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Traces the evolution of paper money in England. Circulation of fiduciary orders; Carolean paper orders; Promissory notes; Bills of exchange; Emergence of assignability; Earliest checks; Printing of money by the Bank of England.

This study of the 1973 Local Government Election in England and Wales shows that the position of a canal/date's name on the ballot paper can have an important effect in terms of the number of votes which he receives. In particular the lower-placed members of each party are quite seriously disadvantaged. Investigation into the relationship between this positional effect and other aspects of the election show that it occurs quite generally. A simple model is formulated which attempts to explain the phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights the Joint Meeting of the Dowling Club and the Skin Microbiology Club in Middlesex, England. Participants; Sponsors of the meeting; Venue.

This article focuses on a study designed to determine effects of television on the reading of newspapers and magazines in London, England. According to the author, the methodological problem involved in this and similar studies of the effects of mass communication is that there was no available alternative to an ex post facto "experimental" design in which respondents themselves selected whether they were to be viewers or non-viewers. Moreover, since respondents could not be randomly assigned to the two conditions by the investigator, differences between the two groups on the dependent variable, frequency of newspaper reading, could be attributed either to the effects of television or to initial differences between the two groups. With regard to all these observations, it can be concluded that television may have had the effect of increasing the reading and buying of papers of popular press with their lighter, shorter material and of decreasing the reading and buying of the more serious papers.

This article presents the author's reply to Edwin B. Parker on his observations regarding the study conducted by the author towards the effects of television on magazine and newspaper reading in London, England. According to the author, while the process of matching in terms of the correlates of both dependent and independent variables has been used before, Parker has suggested, under the term "covariance procedure," a more formal and systematic use of the technique, a distinct contribution, practical development of which is more than likely. In addition to this, Parker is quite right in reminding a basic weakness in the use of matching as a means of isolating effects. One can and must build checks into the matching process but in the end some degree of doubt must remain about the efficiency of the matching achieved. If Parker had argued from this position in presenting his covariance method as a means of reducing uncertainty, there would have been no point of difference between him and the author.

On November 26, 1936, the Popular Front Ministry of France, of which Leon Blum was President of the Council, submitted to the Chamber of Deputies a series of proposed laws which would have completely changed the regulations regarding the press. With only slight modifications the Chamber accepted the proposals, but Senate amendments removed the bill's teeth, and a deadlock ensued between the two houses of the French parliament. This deadlock remained unbroken until establishment of government by decree. Subsequently several attempts were made to secure passage of bills which embodied certain features of the Blum proposals, or which in some other manner suggested changes in the existing press regulations, but they too were either rejected or postponed. To a considerable extent, press susceptibility to venality results from the fact that it is very difficult for a French journal to be a paying concern by using merely ordinary channels of revenue. Low prices for daily papers have become traditional in France, but, more important than that, advertising has never developed into the gold mine for the press that it has become in the United States and in England.

The article presents information about the 2nd Franco-British Reunion organized by the British Association of Dermatology which took place in London, England during July 20-21, 1956. The first day was occupied by eight papers related to dermatology, four of which were read by our French guests and four by British members. The nest morning a clinical meeting was held at Saint Thomas's Hospital at which 41 dermatological cases were demonstrated and afterwards discussed. The principal speakers were dermatologist G. B. Dowling and dermatologist Alice Carleton proposed the health of the guests.

The article presents the author's response to a commentary made by economist F.W. Taussig on issues concerning international trade. According to the author, Taussig in his commentary states that the U.S. and England are two nations with paper money and in consequence of a loan of England to the U.S., English paper money suddenly depreciates relatively to American paper. According to the author, the diversification of value between two national currencies change in the same proportion the price of the wares imported to the two nations, but do not change the price of the home-made products. The author claims that if English exporters to the U.S. acquire, in exchange of the constant quantity of dollars immediately received for the exported products they will raise in the same ratio the price of these products in the British market; but then even the price of all other English. Moreover, according to the author the prices raised in the English market will be in exact proportion to the diminution of the external value of English money, while all prices will remain unchanged in the American market.

The article presents information on the thirty-fourth annual meeting of the British Association of Dermatology. The meeting was held in Cambridge, England, on June 24, 25 and 26 under the presidency of C. H. Whittle. Next day morning was devoted to a discussion on patch testing in which papers were read by S.C. Gold, C.D. Calnan, J.B. Lyon, H.T.H. Wilson and Brian Russell. On Saturday morning there was a demonstration of thirty-three clinical cases of varied and considerable interest. Douglas Freshwater was presented with the Golf Challenge Cup which he had wrested from a Scottish holder during the afternoon.

This article presents information on several papers and memorandums related to economic conditions in various countries. The Parliamentary documents for 1886 will contain a good deal of evidence of the increasing uneasiness as to the condition and prospects of the foreign trade of England. A Blue Book has been issued, giving the rates of duty levied on imports by the different European countries and the United States; and a second is to give the duties levied by the British colonies, these returns being on the plan of the similar documents published in 1882. The Commission on the Depression of Trade have also collected and published reports from the English consuls, showing the impediments to British trade in the different countries. Another snippet reports that the opening of fertile wheat lands in the United States, and the cheap transportation of grain to Europe have had an influence not only on England and Ireland, but on France, Germany, and Russia. French and German legislation has been invoked to protect the farmer. But now an interesting movement is in progress among the Russian peasants, by which the former serfs are becoming separated from the land. At the time of the emancipation of the serfs, Russia controlled the wheat markets of Western Europe; while the prices of agricultural products were high, and even rising.

Information about the 2nd Antarctic Biological Symposium that was held in Cambridge, England in 1968. The Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) and the International Union of Biological Sciences organized the symposium in collaboration with the Sub-Committee for the International Biological Program. The convention presented a massive research in the fields such as primary productivity, zooplankton, and the ecology of benthic fauna, benthic algae, and midwater fish fauna.

The article presents information on events and developments related to medical science. It is reported that an exhibition of medical photography will be held in the Claire Wand Gallery of the British Medical Association, Tavistock Square, London, England, from March 3 to April 20, 1964. Also, the article reports on professor Alfred Marchionini. Marchionini has been Director of the Dermatological Clinic in the University of Munich. In 1938 he emigrated for political reasons to Turkey and worked in the Dermatological Clinic in Ankara and in 1945 he became Professor in the newly founded medical faculty in the University of Anltara.

1. Ashurst and Bromer's classification of ankle fractures is a useful one, but falls into the complexities of subdivision into sequential progression of severity, i.e. ‘degrees’ of fracture. 2. A similar criticism can be made of the Lauge-Hansen classification which has an added semantic disadvantage. Doubts are also cast upon the validity of the direct application of experimental results in cadaveric specimens to a clinical series. 3. A third classification, essentially a modified form of those preceding it but with both an anatomical and a functional basis is presented, in the belief that it can provide evidence of: (a) the mechanism of production and hence the achievement of reduction; and (b) the recognition of significant ligamentous damage, i.e. the recognition of major from minor, stable from unstable injuries—when used in association with radiographs taken while straining the ankle under anaesthesia. 4. An Appendix to the paper (pp. 210-211), giving a more detailed account of our revised classification, is included. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article focuses on the forty-sixth Annual Meeting of the British Association of Dermatology that held in Oxford, England on 20-23 July, 1966 under the Presidency of Dr. H. Renwick Vickers. The meeting was attended by 352 members and guests, many of whom stayed at Lady Margaret Hall. This must have been a record meeting in terms of the number of participants and the number of papers read, 134 and 37 respectively. Alkaline phosphates shown by the histochemical method revealed the minute patterns of the cutaneous circulation through staining of the endothelium of capillaries and arterioles.

The article focuses on St. Bartholomew's hospital in Kent, England. The hospital had several functions: here the sick were nursed, it was also a hospice and an almshouse, caring for the aged, for orphans and foundlings, for the passing stranger and the homeless wanderer. The first recorded traces of specialization occur in the Treasurer's Accounts of the 16th century, and indicate that there was a bonus system of payment by results, at least for some of the staff.

THE unemployment experienced by redundant employees has been, at least in Britain, the subject of more investigation than any other single aspect of labour market behaviour [D.E.P. (1970), Kahn (1964), Wedderburn (1964, 1965), Thomas (1959)], but the methodology of these studies makes it difficult to establish the separate influence of the different attributes and variables which might affect length of unemployment after redundancy. Moreover, relatively little attention has been paid to job-search strategy or to the ways in which labour market experience might be conditioned by manpower policy instruments. The latter omission is particularly important in view of the introduction of statutory redundancy payments in 1965 and wage-related unemployment benefits in 1966. This paper examines through multivariate analysis the unemployment experience of male employees declared redundant from 23 engineering plants in the West Midlands of England over 1966-68. It has three main objectives: (i) to examine the independent influence of such variables as personal characteristics, labour market conditions, job search strategy, etc., on labour market behaviour; (ii) to see whether unemployment benefit and redundancy pay have a significant effect on length of unemployment and to throw some light on the "discontinuity" in the national unemployment statistics which appeared in 1966 and has persisted since that date [Bowers (I970), Cairncross (1970) pp. 172-3, Gujarati (1972)]; and (iii) thereby to ascertain whether these measures achieve the objective of compensating those who bear the burdens imposed by redundancy. The paper has five further sections. Section I briefly presents some data on the sample, Section II discusses the model used, Section III the results obtained, and Section IV attempts a more detailed explanation of the effects of manpower policy. Section V gives a summary of the conclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses the developments in trade unions and labor politics between 1827 to 1837 in the U.S. Effect of Contribution of England and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in development of trade-unionism; Beginning of trade unionism in Manchaster, England and Philadelphia; Year in which trades' union existed in New York; Labor movements in New York and Philadelphia; Origin of humanitarian and reform movements.

The article reports on the 50th annual general meeting of the British Association of Dermatology that was held in Sheffield, England on from July 9-11, 1970. At the meeting, officers for the association for the session 1970- 1971 were elected. Papers on the general theme of autoantibodies and the skin were also presented during the meeting. The annual clinical meeting was held during the annual general meeting.

This paper traces the development of the Social Survey movement in England and the United States, with particular emphasis on the latter, and also attempts to delineate the reciprocal influence it had upon American sociology. In looking at the history of this movement an attempt is made to show how it must be approached in terms of contemporary ideologies. Research of this kind was characterized not only by a previously absent concern with the understanding of the total community by empirical means, but also by a search for the source of social problems which looked not to the individual but to the larger society. During the early decades of this century the Survey movement affected sociological research and writings in the areas of both methodology and community studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents news and notices related to dermatology. The first winter meeting of the British Association of Dermatology will be held on Saturday, March 22, 1969 in London, England. Papers on investigative aspects of dermatology should be submitted to I. Sarkany, Royal Free Hospital, Gray's Inn Road, London by December 31, 1968, and should be accompanied by abstracts approximately 100 words in length. The Excerpta Medica Foundation has announced the publication in 1969 of bi-monthly classified lists of titles in each medical speciality. The unrivalled resources of the Foundation will ensure that this new publication will provide the same service, but still more comprehensively, than the Bibliographic Supplements issued with the British Journal of Dermatology for the past 5 years.

Analyzes the details of the shipping industry in London, England in the year 1601 to 1602, through the use of discovered evidences by L. R. Miller. Series of shipping cleared from England in foreign trade during the period of Restoration; Entry points at the port of London; Sizes of vessels used.

SUMMARY This paper describes an investigation, the purpose of which was to derive estimates of the total number of people who are in a position to see advertisements on the outside of London Transport buses. Two separate but complementary surveys were carried out: a Greater London interview survey which recorded time spent on roads that are bus routes and a photographic study in which were counted people present on the routes as seen from the bus. By relating the results of the former survey to the frequency with which buses traverse the routes, estimates were derived of the numbers of "opportunities to see" advertisements on the outside of buses. These primary estimates were then refined, using the photographic survey, to produce estimates of "full-face" encounters with buses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents an examination of existing ideas and theories about television's effects as they are presented in the research literature, as claimed by the press and as gathered in extensive interviews of a non-directive kind with viewers and non-viewers. The investigation was to be limited to London, England and it began in 1953. The study tests theories postulating that television affects certain mental states and processes. The main theory within this system was that there has been a loss through television of identification with or concern for those interests about which viewers were formerly oriented. The second central theory that television's direct treatment, in its programmes, of various interests has not made up the loss hypothesized in the first theory. The first two theories postulate changes in identification. Identification is a motivational concept implying that an object or activity has a positive valence for people. The study of television's effects upon interests would be incomplete if it did not deal with the behavioral expression of the identification.

The article presents information about the 36th Annual Meeting of the British Association of Dermatology which was held in London, England during July 18-19, 1956. At the meeting, the proposal was considered that ordinary members over the age of 65 should be placed on a separate list of Senior Ordinary Members and that the limited number of ordinary members should not include these senior members. This was adopted. It was decided that the next annual meeting should be held in London on July 26-28, 1957, under the presidency of Dr. W.N. Goldsmith.

The article presents information on the forty-fourth annual meeting of the British Association of Dermatology held in Leeds, England on July 9-11, 1964 under the presidency of F.F. Hellier. The clinical meeting took place in the Skin Department of Leeds General Infirmary. At the Business Meeting it was decided that in future candidates for election to membership of the Association should be chosen by the Executive Committee acting on behalf of the Association. The next Annual Meeting will be held in Bristol on July 8-10, 1965 under the presidency of Clifford Evans.

This article reports that the inaugural meeting of the Eastern Counties Dermatological Society was held on November 18, 1961, in Cambridge. Physician Peter Lachmann read a short paper entitled "The Significance of the L.E. Phenomenon." One case of a boy aged 13, who developed follicular mucinosis, was discussed in the meeting. On examination there was an eruption of light reddish-brown, somewhat gelatinous papules in the central area of the face. They were uniformly about 2 mm in diameter, discrete, but becoming confluent in irregular infiltrated plaques.

The article presents information about the forty-first Annual Meeting of the British Association of Dermatology that was held in Liverpool, England, on July 6-8, 2005, under the presidency of G.W. Bamber. It was attended by 79 members and 15 visitors. At the Business Meeting the following were elected to serve on the Executive Committee for 1961-62: G.H. Percival; G.W. Bamber; H.W. Gordon; J.T. Ingram. The first morning of scientific business was devoted to papers on genetics. Scientist C.A. Clarke spoke on the criteria for inherited factors in disease and selected for discussion the parent/offspring correlation, associations with genetic markers and abnormalities of serum gammaglobulin.

The article presents information about meetings related to dermatology. The summer meeting of British Association of Dermatology will be held in London under the presidency of physician G.B. Mitchell-Heggs from July 17th to 19th, 1969 at the Royal College of Physicians. The main symposium will be devoted to paediatric dermatology. 13th Congress of the Association des Dermatologistes et Syphiligraphes de Langue Française will be held in Turin from June 7th to 9th, 1969. The principal themes will be the follicular mucinoses, juvenile xanthogranulomatoses and antimalarial drugs in dermatology.

This article reports on several news briefs related to the field of dermatology. It first details the procedure and scope of the London Membership examination, passing which is regarded in England as the outward and visible sign of acquisition of this knowledge and applicants for consultant posts. The candidates who pass this examination are expected to be Members of one of the Royal Colleges of Physicians. The Royal College of Physicians of London has had the Membership examination under close scrutiny periodically for many years, and since 1945 there have been no fewer than 5 sub-committees appointed to examine critically the standard and the fairness of the Membership. The article further reports that the Dowling Club has been invited by dermatologist P.D.C. Kinmont to a clinical meeting in Derby, England, on April 10, 1964 and by dermatologist P.R. Montgomery to participate in the meeting of the South West of England and Wales Society of Dermatology in Salisbury, England, on October 31, 1964. Glaxo Laboratories Ltd., reportedly, has made a film on the use of betamethasone valerate, in cooperation with the Institute of Dermatology and Saint John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, King's College Hospital PLC, Goldie Leigh Hospital and the Department of Dermatology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland.

The author reflects on the several films that project Britain and its character. It involves the works of Michael Balcon, which views are an echo of the title used in 1932 by Stephen Tallents for his pamphlet "The Projection of England." In relation, the term "Ealing" is mentioned that is used to signify certain qualities.The years when the Ealing production is under the control of Balcon is also discussed.

A prospective epidemiological study of the Neonatal Hepatitis Syndrome in S.E. England showed Alpha-1-Antitrypsin Deficiency (Pi ZZ) to be present in seven out of fifty-two patients. Data are considered from these seven patients, and from a further six cases from outside this area. The nature of acute illness, pathological changes on early liver biopsy, and short-term prognosis show considerable variability, but in general the hepatitis is more severe in patients with Alpha-1-A.T. deficiency than in those in whom no aetiological factor was found. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article informs about the British Association of Dermatology's winter meeting, March 7, 1970, Middlesex Hospital, London. Papers related to dermatology will be presented on the occasion.

The article presents news and some important notices related to dermatology. It informs that all places for the diploma course in dermatology for the year commencing October 1st, 1969, have been allocated. Applications are invited from those wishing to be considered for inclusion in the diploma course commencing October 7th, 1970. Well-known dermatologist Norman Gordon Fraser has been appointed consultant dermatologist to the Aberdeen Teaching Hospitals. Roger Harman, consultant dermatologist to the Bristol clinical area of Great Britain, and research fellow to the United Bristol Hospitals, has been appointed consultant dermatologist to the United Bristol Hospitals.

This article reports on developments related to the field of dermatology. At the Annual General Meeting held in Manchester on Tuesday, May 14, 1968, the following officers were elected for 1968-69: president, Dr. B. Portnoy and vice-presidents, Dr. P.D. Kinmont and Dr. J. Savage. The following dermatologists were recently elected to the Fellowship of the Royal College of Physicians: L.J.A. Loewenthal, D.G. Freshwater, E.A. Fairburn, R.J. Cairns, J.A. Milne, R.D. Sweet, I. Sarkany, and N.R. Rowell.

The article presents news and notes related to dermatology. The Dowling Oration will be given by dermatologist I.A. Magnus on April 13, 1967 in the Gustav Tucker Lecture Theatre, University College, London. The Polish Dermatological Society is holding its Second Symposium on Medical Mycology in Poznan on October 6-8, 1967 under the Chairmanship of Professor J. Alkiewicz. The official languages will be English and Russian.

This article presents information on the book "Proceedings of the Tenth International Congress: 1952." A few copies of the proceedings are still available. They may be obtained on application to: The Editorial Secretary, Xth International Congress, St. John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, Lisle Street, Leicester Square, London.

The article focuses on the author's experiences as the first general secretary of the National Association of Local Government Officers in England. His responsibility was to inform the general public regarding the facts of municipal and county administration in England. The service conditions of local government officers in the past were uneven and without form or plan. The experience has been invaluable. Negotiations which the author had conducted with councils for the improvement of salaries, or to ward off a threatened attack on existing salaries, taught him a great deal about the mentality of those who had the economic welfare of local government officers in their keeping. There was a complete absence of any sense of the national importance of the public health services, of the administration of education, or even of child welfare, maternity care, and decent housing. Because there was no known formula for measuring the economics of a decent life, local government appeared to have no value except to provide a job for men and women who were lucky to have been appointed.

The article discusses the popularity of music therapy in various countries. In Brazil there are enthusiastic people dedicated to the development of music therapy and in South America, there was cooperative leadership and exchange of ideas. In England, there are therapists who uses unique approaches and techniques and in Holland there are new training programs based on NAMT education model. There are no unified movement in Germany and France in music therapy but it is getting popular in Norway.

The article presents a case study of an eight-year-old American autistic girl who diagnosed with Schizophrenic Reaction Childhood Type in England. The Music and Creative Arts Department at Essex County Overbrook Hospital has given strong attention to a child to treat hallucinations, violent tantrums and self-directed aggression and hostility. It found that physicians were established a working therapeutic relationship with her based on acceptance and sensitivity to her actions.

The article presents information on the social problems that exist in England and France. In reading the symptoms of the social malady there is general agreement. There is wide disagreement in the treatment proposed. One remedy is socialism, or the communal ownership of land and capital and the instruments and machinery of production. But socialism makes two capital blunders. In the first place, it proceeds on the assumption that society is a mechanism, and if it is found not to function properly, all that is needed is to shake the bundle of injustices and inequalities to pieces, and then put it together right by act of legislature, brutally to rights, if necessary. On the contrary, we know that society is an organism, and its features and activities are the result of a vital growth. Shaking it to pieces means its death. A more serious blunder of socialism is this, it ignores the root of moral evil out of which all social wrongs spring. One concludes that there is no hope in socialism. Prussianism, or the rule of might, has been offered as a method to settle antagonistic interests. The strong ought to rule the weak, and war is the final test of strength. If persons, classes, or nations disagree, let them fight it out, and let the strong hold by right what they win by might.

Between 1 January 1965 and 31 December 1967, 206 episodes of carbon monoxide poisoning were known to the coroner or the city hospitals in Newcastle upon Tyne. The mortality rates were: suicidal exposure 38·2%; accidental exposure 39·7%. In 21·3% of suicidal and 18·9% of accidental exposures recovery was complicated by prolonged delirium suggesting that all degrees of functional or structural neurological damage may have occurred, yet oxygen therapy was given in only 43·8% of suicidal and 34·5% of accidental exposures. In view of the risk of persistent neuropsychiatric sequelae it is suggested that current patterns of management should be revised. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article presents a history of dermatology in Bristol and the west of London. The Bristol Royal Infirmary is one of the oldest provincial voluntary hospitals, and was founded in 1736. Out-patients were first accepted in June 1737, and in-patients in December of the same year. A rival establishment was the Bristol medical and surgical school, which was recognized by the Royal College of Surgeons. Physician Edward Lyne earned a high reputation as a specialist in dropsy. The secret of his treatment was "Bristol Milk."

The article presents a short history of dermatology in the region of Leeds, England. As a specialty dermatology came late to Yorkshire. Indeed, it was not until 1901 that dermatology was recognized as a specialty at the General Infirmary at Leeds and even then skin disorders were treated by general physicians until the first trained dermatologist was appointed to the staff in 1027. The first book on occupational diseases in English was written by Charles Turner, a general practitioner of Leeds who ran a school of anatomy in the town for several years and was one of the founders of the Leeds School of Medicine in 1831.

The article presents information about Daniel Turner, who was surgeon of the College of Physicians in London, England. He trained as a surgeon in London, being bound apprentice at 17 some time in 1684, for he was made free by servitude of the customary seven years in 1691. Initially the apprentice of Charles Bateman, he was later turned over to Thomas Lichfield at one time Master of the Barber-Surgeons' Company. Turner was elected to the Livery in 1606 and practised as a surgeon in and around London for twenty years.

Five cases of clinically active yaws occurring in the Coventry area are reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forty six cases of the Gianotti-Crosti syndrome have been culled from the records of four London hospitals for the past ten years. The author has seen twenty of these cases including two cases in siblings, a finding not previously recorded. The course, clinical appearance, histology and aetiology are discussed in the light of the Continental literature. A plea is made for the recognition of this uncommon but distinctive disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Geometrically perfect circular scaly patches in Japanese patients were described under the title of Pityriasis rotunda. We report this condition in four West Indian negro patients seen in London and suggest that it may be a special form of acquired ichthyosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information about late surgeon Samuel Plumbe. Scrutiny of the Pupil Dressers Book of St. Thomas's Hospital in London, England, shows that Plumbe was entered as a pupil dresser in that hospital on October 14, 1814. Plumbe was admitted M.R.C.S. at the Royal College of Surgeons of London on October 6, 1815. This was his sole diploma. He had no university degree. From the printed lists of Members of the Royal College of Surgeons it was learnt that from 1816 to 1820, Plumbe served in the East India Co.'s Navy.

The literature relating to Bdellonyssus bacoti as a causal agent of cutaneous disease is reviewed. An instance occurring in the London area is described. It seems likely that the condition may be not uncommon in urban communities of this country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Allergic contact dermatitis to nickel induced by stocking suspenders in women is extremely common at present in England. It presents a characteristic pattern of secondary spread or eczematide which is described, and the recognition of which readily leads to the diagnosis of nickel sensitivity. In 400 cases three-quarters of the patients had this secondary eruption. An account is given of the clinical features and results of patch tests, and some of the aetiological features are discussed. A high proportion of the patients have an additional eczema not specifically related to the allergy, especially on the hands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]