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The article presents the summaries of the papers presented at the British Association of Dermatologists Fifty-fourth Annual Meeting, 1974 and Franco-British Reunion. Koilonychia is most commonly seen as a sign of iron deficiency anaemia. It also occurs as an isolated congenital anomaly, as a temporary normal phenomenon in young children and in association with Raynaud's phenomenon. The pruritus of obstructive jaundice is thought to be due to bile salt retention. The correlation between serum bile salt concentration and pruritus is poor however, and so far as we know, the effect of the individual bile salts on the skin has never been tested.

The Southern Policy Papers are issued by the Southern Policy Committee for the purpose of stimulating interest in questions of public importance in the South. In the announcement concerning the series, the Committee states that it "does not necessarily approve of or agree with opinions expressed in the papers.' For those who perhaps do not know of the Southern Policy Committee, it should be noted that it is a comparatively recent organization, with a General Committee and local Committees in several of the Southern states. It seems to be designed essentially as an action group, principally "to encourage the formulation and recommendation of desirable public policies whether by groups or individuals, and as a means to this end to encourage persons who possess the proper qualifications to undertake political activity ; and, to extend the discussions begun in local committees to the surrounding communities for the purpose of preparing the general body of citizens for more intelligent and socially-minded political action, and for the purpose of forcing political leaders to face the real issues involved.

On behalf of the Committee in charge of the Section on Sociology and Social Work, the author, as chairman, has the privilege to present to the readers of the periodical "Social Forces," the papers and discussions presented at the meetings of the Section held in Chicago in connection with the meetings of the American Sociological Society, December 26-29, 1919. The special issue of the periodical last June which printed the papers read at the meetings of this Section in 1917, was so well received that it was decided to publish these papers again as a unit and the writer wishes to take this opportunity to express his thanks and appreciation to the editors of the periodical for making this possible. In preparation for the meetings of this Section for 1928 a questionnaire was sent to all members of the Society who indicated an interest in this section, asking their advice on subjects to be treated during the 1928 sessions and for suggestions as to persons who might be called upon to present papers as well as those who might discuss them. It was indicated in the questionnaire that those in charge of the program of the Section were desirous of having the papers based on actual research which had been completed or was being carried on in the various fields of interest to sociology and social work. The response to the 350 questionnaires was wholehearted and generous.

The Executive Committee of the Society for the Study of Social Problems approved a plan to pre-publish papers to be presented. The special problems committees of the Society are encouraged to share in this, although it will be by decision of each committee. It is planned that all of the presentations on the two symposia will be pre-published. Papers to be pre-published must be submitted not later than April 15, 1958. An expanded version of some of the papers will be printed in the journal "Social Problems." Probably the majority will be mimeographed and distributed before the annual meeting to the membership at cost. Not later than a month after distribution of the papers those who wish to be considered as discussants will submit a criticism of the paper. From these the committee chairmen will select persons to serve as discussants, although they may ask others to serve in addition. Each discussant will be given about seven minutes. The aim is to provide a maximum amount of time for discussion of the presentations.

It is difficult to generalize about forty papers and as many hours of formal and informal questioning and discussion, engaged in by the more than a thousand informed and thoughtful and articulate members of the National Association of Social Workers (NASW) who attended this Tenth Anniversary Professional Symposium. This note has been sounded, interestingly enough, at a symposium dedicated not to the whole range of NASW interests, but rather to the advancement of practice and knowledge in contrast to social policy and action. The result of this notion that practice enacts policy has been to pose a new model of a social worker who, even as a casework clinician or as a therapeutically oriented group worker, must continuously orient himself to the ways in which his practice methods, his agency structures, his intellectual mindsets may advance or block the carrying out of core values and professional commitments. The social worker is certainly not seen as a medicine man whose one brew is hawked at all possible crossroads and offered as solution to all possible maladies.

In 1955, a small committee of the then American association of Medical Social Workers began a study focused directly on clearer identification of the concepts used in medical social work practice. Its first step was to select a subuniverse of social work literature in which to look for characieristic formulations of knowledge. This list consists of about one hundred items, of which about nine-tenths in professional journals and the remainder are books, monographs, or official reports. The subject matter can be logically viewed in three groups in the first are materials which deal with medical social work primarily as a professional field and function. Titles in the second group focus more directly on the patient and his family, some dealing with the psychosocial problems of illness while others cover various aspects of casework service. Titles in the third group deal with various social work methods that do not relate to direct service to patients but involve working with and through professional associates. Major interest centers on multi- discipline practice and teamwork, represented by over a dozen papers.

The article focuses on proceedings of the 10th annual conference of the American Association for Public Research that held at Madison, Wisconsin-based Hotel Loraine, from April 13-16, 1955. Several papers discussed in this conference include Stuart Dodd, director of the Washington Public Opinion Laboratory (WPOL), who presented a paper entitled "Formulas for Spreading Opinions-A Report of Controlled Experiments on Leaflet Messages in Project Revere", in which he described the origin, purposes and findings of the three-year study which WPOL had conducted for the Air Force. The article also presents other paper by speaker Samuel W. Blizzard who reviewed his experiences in a current theological seminar project designed to explore the use of social science in training parish ministers, and, more specifically, to inquire into how the sociologist-faculty member can help in this training. Blizzard described the milieu in which a social scientist operates as a theological seminary faculty member, noting that seminars course emphasis is away from the social sciences, the theological party line must be understood by the incoming sociologist faculty member.

The article offers information on various meetings of the American Bryological Society, the American Fern Society and the American Society of Plant Physiologists to be held at Texas A&M University in College Station, Texas between August 27, 1967 and September 1, 1967.

The article presents information about the 2nd Franco-British Reunion organized by the British Association of Dermatology which took place in London, England during July 20-21, 1956. The first day was occupied by eight papers related to dermatology, four of which were read by our French guests and four by British members. The nest morning a clinical meeting was held at Saint Thomas's Hospital at which 41 dermatological cases were demonstrated and afterwards discussed. The principal speakers were dermatologist G. B. Dowling and dermatologist Alice Carleton proposed the health of the guests.

The article presents information on the thirty-fourth annual meeting of the British Association of Dermatology. The meeting was held in Cambridge, England, on June 24, 25 and 26 under the presidency of C. H. Whittle. Next day morning was devoted to a discussion on patch testing in which papers were read by S.C. Gold, C.D. Calnan, J.B. Lyon, H.T.H. Wilson and Brian Russell. On Saturday morning there was a demonstration of thirty-three clinical cases of varied and considerable interest. Douglas Freshwater was presented with the Golf Challenge Cup which he had wrested from a Scottish holder during the afternoon.

This paper attempts to show, through a case illustration, how a group's fit in the social-cultural environment is indispensable for the development of a diagnostic tool upon which group work intervention can be based. While the focus is on the values held by the group and its members, it is a main thesis of this paper that one group cannot be studied without corresponding attention to the network of interactions that influences and becomes influenced by the group. While this analysis need to be adapted and modified relative to psychological data to be used in practice, it does help to focus attention on specific target points of entry for group workers generally. The evidence does suggest that an agency such as a settlement house must design service programs for differential intervention relative to these subsystems. To support a mobile system through organized, task-centered, class-type activity will not be suitable for the farm system, which has an informal, spontaneous, or "loose" orientation.

The article presents the proceedings of the Twenty-Second Annual Conference of American Association for Public Opinion Research (AAPOR) that was held on May 18-21, 1967 at Bolton Landing, New York. The conference was divided into fifteen formal sessions and three round tables. The new format also consists a presentation program of the best papers from a recent AAPOR competition for graduate students. In addition to the informative meetings, numerous social events were also organized. Also, the AAPOR Award of 1967 for distinguished achievement in the field of public opinion was presented to Hans Zeisel, a social researcher. Some of the topics on which papers were presented at the conference are: variations in the application of theory to attitude and opinion research; interviewing: special situations and problems; polling and the political process; socio-medical research in sensitive areas; predicting purchasing behavior: alchemy or science? and; computer-assisted analysis of survey data.

A number of major considerations emerged fairly clearly from meetings held in 1928 of the section on Sociology and Social Work. The more important of them may perhaps be indicated in terms of the following questions, are the social research and social work attitudes compatible?, and more specifically, should social workers be expected to subject their own processes of work, such as come into play in the interview, for instance, to objective analysis and investigation?, can social workers so write their case records as to make them more available for sociological research without jeopardizing their value as social work documents? and what definite suggestions and contributions has sociology to make to the treatment of specific social work problems such as family discord. These are complex considerations which cannot be dismissed dogmatically with the formulation of a single point of view and this year's meetings seem to have been definitely planned with a view to throwing additional light op them. There were four meetings of the section this year, devoted respectively to the discussion of the following topics, "Some Contributions of Sociological Theory to Social Work," "A Sociological Analysis of the Contents of 2,000 Social Case Records With Special Reference to the Treatment of Family Discord," "A Study of Social Case Work Interviews," and "Is Prediction Feasible in Social Work? An Inquiry Based Upon a Sociological Study of Parole Records."

The article discusses the paper from the Commission on Undergraduate Education in the Biological Sciences (CUEBS) Symposium held in the U.S. The paper focuses on the relationship between research participation and good teaching. The publication of CUEBS, "Biology for the Non-Major," has raised questions about the structure of a biology course intended for the nonmajor. It cites that the replies on the questions have been edited into a book to present several perceptions represented in the letters of respondents. The author also stresses that the same technique was applied to address the problem of the assumed relationship that exists between research participation and good teaching.

This article presents information on the Franco-British meeting organized by the to the British Association of Dermatology from May 12-14, 1954 in Paris, France. On May 12, the papers that would be discussed are "Histological Demonstration of Erythema Elevatum Diutinum and Intra-Epidermal Epithelioma" and "Histological Demonstration." On May 13 various clinical cases would be demonstrated. Sixty-eight cases were shown by many of the doctors of the St. Louis Hospital. This was followed by a conducted tour of the entire Hospital. Some of the papers that would be discussed on May 13 are "Keratosis Pilaris," "Le trisyndrome de Gougerot," "The Effect of Mepacrine on Light Sensitivity in Lupus Erythematosus" and others.

The focus of this paper is on social action by social workers acting through their professional association-or in any group of social workers. The writer analyzes certain attributes of social workers and their relationship to change, the need to apply community organization theory to action, and how to play the "political game." He makes a strong case for militant action, and concludes that social workers can become a powerful influence by making their talents available to help poor people organize themselves for social action and proposes a professional volunteer corps for this purpose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the forty-sixth Annual Meeting of the British Association of Dermatology that held in Oxford, England on 20-23 July, 1966 under the Presidency of Dr. H. Renwick Vickers. The meeting was attended by 352 members and guests, many of whom stayed at Lady Margaret Hall. This must have been a record meeting in terms of the number of participants and the number of papers read, 134 and 37 respectively. Alkaline phosphates shown by the histochemical method revealed the minute patterns of the cutaneous circulation through staining of the endothelium of capillaries and arterioles.

In a recent article pointing out the weaknesses of community chest development in smaller cities' the writer closes with these questions. "The spread of the movement in small cities and even in small towns is rapid. Is it to become a stumbling block in the path of social progress in these communities, strongly intrenched through habit fixation? If not, what is the way out? The present paper is an attempt to outline one possible way out. It is not the thought of the writer that the plan presented is an immediately workable solution. Rather this is an attempt to start formal discussion as to ways of meeting this problem, which is achieving greater importance rapidly with the expansion of the chest movement in the smaller cities. Informal discussion of this problem has been going on for some time. The association of Community Chests and Councils sporadically raises in its bulletins the question as to what type of advice is to be sent in reply to inquiries concerning the chest plan from these smaller cities. Field workers of national agencies and occasionally their national conventions, discuss the problem. The question is not infrequently raised by executives of local agencies in the smaller communities who have greater vision than is usually found in this group. Last, but by no means least, a number of educators of sociology in universities and colleges so situated that there is considerable contact with smaller cities and towns, are much concerned.

The article highlights the International Conference of the International Missionary Council held in LeZoute, Belgium from September 14 to 20, 1926. The conference marks a decided advance over anything yet attempted in coordinating and strengthening the forces working for a Christian civilization in Africa. Previous to the conference, a special African number of the International Review of Missions was brought out with a remarkable collection of able papers from different viewpoints, Natives, South African whites, missionaries, scholars, and government officials. This number is itself a contribution to Africa with its informing discussions of the many phases of the task confronting Christian civilization in Africa. The conference was composed of over two hundred persons representing first of all, the missionaries themselves, engaged in the various parts of Africa, second, missionary societies and boards responsible for the missionary policy, and third, representatives of various governments. The meetings were presided over by Dr. Donald Fraser, and the program was carefully planned by J. H. Oldham, Secretary of the International Missionary Council. To their wise planning and balanced judgment was due in no small measure the fact that so many persons, with a great variety of opinions, could sit together for a week and spend their time in profitable discussion of the things of common interest to all, and in general, to avoid needless controversial issues.

The author of this article says that three years ago, Toledo, Ohio, supplier of more than a hundred parts to the motor industry, was commonly regarded by its customers as a sore spot on the industrial horizon. The power strike shortly thereafter gave Toledo a bad name nationally, and pitched Toledoans into the depths of despair. First followed a scramble to secure manufacturing facilities outside of Toledo, the town that could not beat back unionism. People at this time did not perceive, what they now know to be a fact, that these conditions were not peculiar to one city but applicable to industry at large. As a direct result, the Toledo Associates, unique in the field of press relationships, was formed in August 1935 to tell the story. A governing committee of five was selected from the ranks of members to plan and approve the work. In early days of the work, conferences were held with working reporters on local newspapers to get their slant on desirable services in opening up industrial news sources and on the type of features and current stories which would be available from time to time.

The article discusses the subject matter and methods of social psychology. In the days when psychologists were directing their thoughts toward the 1936 meeting of their national association, the happy suggestion was made by researcher Steuart H. Britt that the time had come for social psychologists to hold a round table to discuss the subject matter of their science. The suggestion was well received; and at the request of Britt and the Secretary of the Association, the author has allowed himself the privilege of serving as Chairman of such a gathering. In planning this meeting, it was decided to steer a middle course between haphazard discussion from the floor and long theoretical orientations presented by a few. The plan was adopted of selecting a list of topics representing the most active research areas of social psychology, and asking specialists in these topics to present brief papers, each of which was to be followed by discussion. In the array of topics selected, as shown by the papers following, conspicuous omissions occur.

This paper describes the development of an activities program in a home for the aged in St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands. The program was designed to offset the dehumanizing aspects of life in an institution that can strip away a person's feelings of identity and Independence. It is important, the authors think, for Institutions to provide more than custodial care-they must be responsible for the fulfillment of a person's potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 1974 American Association for Public Opinion Research (AAPOR) Conference was held between May 30-June 2, at the Hotel Sagamore in Bolton Landing, Lake George, New York. It was the twenty-ninth annual conference on public opinion. A stimulating program of twenty-two formal sessions, four methodological open discussions, and eighteen luncheon round-table discussions was organized by conference chairman John P. Robinson under the general theme "Continuities in Public Opinion Research." The AAPOR Award for distinguished achievement was presented this year to Bernard Berelson. The methodological open discussions, a 1974 innovation for AAPOR was developed to encourage critical review of the central methodological issues of public opinion research. While varying in format, they seek to encourage member discussion of short papers presented by the discussion leaders and invited panelists.

This article presents news and notices related to dermatology. Those who wish to present papers at the next Annual Meeting of the British Association of Dermatology are requested to submit summaries of their papers before March 15. The International Society of Tropical Dermatology the Society held its tenth Anniversary meeting in New York on October 12, 1970. The Society's next Congress will take place at Sao Paolo, Brazil in 1974. The Third Winter Meeting of the British Association of Dermatology will be held on Saturday, March 8, 1971 in Birmingham.

The article reports on the 50th annual general meeting of the British Association of Dermatology that was held in Sheffield, England on from July 9-11, 1970. At the meeting, officers for the association for the session 1970- 1971 were elected. Papers on the general theme of autoantibodies and the skin were also presented during the meeting. The annual clinical meeting was held during the annual general meeting.

The article offers news briefs related to bioscience. The Organization for Tropical Studies (OTS) has invited for reprints of papers related to biology in tropical areas and bibliographies dealing with tropical aspects of specialized areas. Gulf Coast Research Laboratory has completed its oceanography building in Ocean Springs, Mississippi. The National Library of Medicine has approved the post-graduate training of science librarians by the University of Tennessee.

The article reports that the forty-third annual meeting of the British Association of Dermatology was held in London, England, on July 4-6, 1963, under the presidency of Hugh Gordon. The Business and Scientific Meetings took place at Bedford College. At the Business Meeting many officers were elected to serve on the Executive Committee for the year 1963-64. On July 5, the meeting was devoted to papers and discussion on the reticuloses disorders. The next annual meeting will be held on July 9-11, 1964.

This article focuses on the thirty-ninth Annual Meeting of the British Association of Dermatology which was held in Glasgow on July 9, 10 and 11, 1959, under the Presidency of physician J. Ferguson Smith and Vice-Presidency of physician James Sommerville. The scientific programme began with a series of papers on malignant disease of the face and mouth. Professor E.J. Wayne described the main actions of the compounds in general and the particular properties of the more recently introduced drugs. During the scientific sessions, an exhibition was held in an adjoining laboratory, demonstrating the skill and artistry of the clinical and microscopical photography.

The article presents information on the thirty-fifth annual meeting of the British Association of Dermatology, held in Birmingham, England on July 7, 8 and 9 under the presidency of doctor B.C. Tate. Sixty-nine members attended and there were 22 guests. The annual business meeting began with the reports of the editor and treasurer which were adopted. Some of the ordinary members of the committee are Hugh Gordon, A.D. Porter, I.B. Sneddon, G.A. Hodgson, D.I. Williams and others. The annual dinner took place at the Grand Hotel, Birmingham on Friday evening. The principal speakers were Grant Peterkin, who proposed the health of the guests and A.P. Thomson, Dean of Birmingham Medical School who replied.

This paper examines the impact of riots on the percentage increase in financial support of welfare programs at the local level. Data on 23 riot cities are compared to 20 nonriot cities of similar size to determine if the percent change in the combined city and state expenditures on welfare were different. Analysis revealed riot cities had larger budgetary increases in welfare the year following their riot; whereas, nonriot cities had no such pattern of expansion. While the welfare system was not the object of attack in the riots, more relief was given because it is believed to be the service which could be expanded most easily by local municipal officials without threatening other interest groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a text of the conference proceedings of the twenty-seventh annual conference of the American Association for Public Opinion Research (AAPOR) held at the Marlborough Blenheim Hotel in Atlantic City, New Jersey from May 18 to 21, 1972. A stimulating program of twenty formal sessions and thirteen luncheon round-table discussions was organized by conference chairmen Ronald Gatty and Robert S. Lee under the general theme Continuity in Public Opinion Research. Two sessions were sponsored by WAPOR, arranged by Philip Hastings on the theme of Continuity in International Family Planning Research. The luncheon round tables, a 1968 innovation for AAPOR conferences, were designed to permit discussion of fragmentary results and hypotheses. They have now evolved into a popular avenue for member participation and spirited discussion of important issues, free from the formal structure of delivered papers. As noted in the program, the topics can also be more responsive to the profession's responsibilities and concerns in the rapidly changing social, political, and economic world. The AAPOR Award for distinguished achievement was presented to Jean Stoetzel. A reproduction of the award immediately follows the table of contents of the Proceedings.

Reports on the meeting conducted by the Scottish Dermatological Society in Scotland. Venue for the meeting; Research papers presented at the meeting; Contributors.

This article presents news and notices related to dermatology. The first winter meeting of the British Association of Dermatology will be held on Saturday, March 22, 1969 in London, England. Papers on investigative aspects of dermatology should be submitted to I. Sarkany, Royal Free Hospital, Gray's Inn Road, London by December 31, 1968, and should be accompanied by abstracts approximately 100 words in length. The Excerpta Medica Foundation has announced the publication in 1969 of bi-monthly classified lists of titles in each medical speciality. The unrivalled resources of the Foundation will ensure that this new publication will provide the same service, but still more comprehensively, than the Bibliographic Supplements issued with the British Journal of Dermatology for the past 5 years.

This article announces on the joint conference between European Society for Opinion and Marketing Research and the World Association for Public Opinion Research, to be held at Vevey, Switzerland, during the first week of September 1953. The conference, which is now being devised, will include various sessions on questionnaire construction, readership research, research on the impact of communications and a number of other subjects, papers for which are being prepared now.

The author discusses the paper "Speculations on Eczematides in Seborrhoeics," by V.A. Puccinelli. In this paper the author traces the development of the conception of seborrhoeic eczema from that of Brocq and Unna, through the division between the German and French schools of thought, to the more recent Anglo-Saxon views. This difficult subject is well presented, though the author takes care to note that it is very difficult to define the exact limits of this group of diseases.

The article presents information on various conferences related to biological sciences in the U.S. The Central and Midwestern State Simulation Council's symposium on simulation in medicine and biology will be held during January 17-18, 1967, in Rochester, Minnesota. International Symposium on Drug Research will be held during June 12-14, 1967, in Montreal, Quebec. The 10th national Wilderness Conference will be held during April 7-9, 1967, in San Francisco, California. The annual meeting of the Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) was held in Vancouver, British Columbia, during June 17-24, 1966. At the meeting, there was discussion about the longevity and germination requirements of various seeds.

The first Balkan conference met in Athens, Greece in 1930 as the result of an invitation issued by the International Bureau of Peace in Geneva on May 12, 1930. It led the way to new conferences of a general nature and to reunions concerned with special fields of activity and interest. Journalists pioneered in the effort to promote goodwill. They came together on every possible occasion. The meeting of the Balkan council and the exchange of official visits between two Balkan countries, or special invitations from one Balkan country to the newspapermen of another, created opportunities for close contact. Common professional backgrounds and an unconventional way of facing facts enabled them to understand one another easily and to make friends. Although the trips and receptions were regularly financed by their respective governments, journalists soon stepped out of the official frames. Schemes of cooperation between them were not planned ahead by any agency.

The first National Conference on Educational Broadcasting, held in Washington D.C. on December 10-12, 1936, was sponsored by eighteen national organizations for the primary purpose of giving an overview of current practice in the use of radio for educational purposes. Outstanding leaders in various aspects of broadcasting were invited to discuss the problems with which they were particularly concerned. The conference was divided into two parts: general sessions at which everyone was expected to be present, and conference sections at which specific problems were discussed for the benefit of those especially interested. Among the conference sections, of which some twenty were crowded into a single morning and two afternoons, was one dealing directly with the subject, "Radio and Propaganda." What may prove to be the most widely used piece of propaganda of the entire conference was injected so inconspicuously that its significance was not recognized at the time. In the section on "Talks Programs," Thomas H. Reed, chairman of the Committee of Civic Education by Radio of the National Advisory Council on Radio in Education and the American Political Science Association, introduced by title a report, "Four Years of Network Broadcasting," which was too long to be read, but which was made available in printed form.

Fifty national patriotic organizations, twenty-seven national peace organizations, forty-three national organizations with active peace committees, forty-three organizations whose activities increase international understanding, and countless local patriotic and peace committees are endeavoring in one way or another to influence the U.S. public opinion in behalf of peace. The man on the street must be confused, to say the least, at the number of these groups striving to win his support. However, this mass of activity is not so confusing as it may at first seem, for it can be separated into five general groups of thought which are emphasized as the most effective methods of preserving peace. In Group A, one finds veterans and patriotic organizations the most active supporters of the program for military and naval preparedness. Virtually all of the national peace organizations are found in Groups B, C, D, and E. Although there is much overlapping between these groups and although there are additional views held by each one, these five distinguishing trends are apparent. American public opinion is therefore being mobilized and at the same time divided into one or more of these several groups.

This paper discusses tests on three sets of hypotheses dealing with the relationship between selected aspects of the social integration of businessmen and community size. This testing shows that smaller community size is associated with: (1) involvement in the network of voluntary associations in the community-at-large, (2) interest in the opinions of members of these associations and of the community-at-large, (3) feelings of alienation, which are determined in part by the businessmen's inability to adjust themselves to their economic environment. Interpretation of these relationships suggests that, at least concerning the alienation of businessmen, the positive relationship between anomie and size, which Durkheim and others have discussed is now reversed. The hypothesis is offered that this reversal is now extended to the rest of the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The efforts of Negroes to adjust to their minority status have manifested themselves in many collective endeavors. The present paper proposes to make a beginning toward filling the gap by sketching briefly the origins and functions of fraternal organizations among Negroes. One of them is the secret society. A careful study of the Negro secret society as an institution will throw much light on the processes of acculturation and assimilation. The numerous Negro secret societies in the United States are now and always have been almost exclusively ceremonial, i.e. lodges and fraternal orders. There never has been a Negro secret society which even slightly resembled the Ku Klux Klan. The abortive slave insurrections, even one so carefully planned as Denmark Vesey's, were never made under the banner of a secret society. The first secret society in the United States which emphasized benevolent features was the Odd Fellows. The Odd Fellows merely introduced Negroes to the secrecy feature of benevolent organizations, for people of color had been organizing friendly societies since 1787.

The traditional voluntary agency, the author believes, is overinstitutionalized and archaic in structure. This paper argues for a pyramidal-collegial structure, in which the supervisor-supervisee relationship is replaced by a unit organization structure that encourages personal growth and a free flow of ideas through all levels of the agency. The changing role of the executive and four basic managerial functions are also examined, and the need for recruiting, training, and developing competent administrators is stressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents information on the Association of Southern Women for the Prevention of Lynching Program and attempts to evaluate its effectiveness using archival data. The author concludes that the Association was effective prior to 1937, primarily in preventing lynchings in rural counties and lynchings in which prisoners were taken from the custody of law officers. Data for the period after 1937 are contradictory. In November 1930, some two dozen Southern women-most of them prominent churchwomen-met in Atlanta at the behest of Jessie Daniel Ames, Director of Women's Work for the Commission on Inter-racial Cooperation, to discuss the problem of lynching, and what could be done about it. Like most social action programs, the Association's activities had many potential consequences, intended and unintended, which would be relevant to an overall judgment of their success or failure. For example, the sheer uncovering of so much relatively liberal opinion is not to be discounted. The present paper, however, attempts to assess the Association's effectiveness solely on the basis of the actual prevention of lynching.

The article presents news and notices related to dermatology. The first Dr. Henry E. Michelson memorial meeting will be held in conjunction with the Minnesota Dermatological Society meeting at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, on May 17-18, 1974. The thirteenth meeting of the Skin Microbiology Club took place at Saint John's Hospital, Leicester Square, on December 5, 1973, when Dr. A.C. Baird-Parker reviewed the classification of the genus "Staphylococcus" in the light of a revision of the genus to be published in 1974.

Information about several papers discussed at the Symposium on Gnotobiotic Research, co-sponsored by the Association for Gnotobiotics and the Microbiology Department and Lobund Laboratory, at the University of Notre Dame in Indiana on June 8-10, 1970 is presented. The topics discussed include the latest findings in gnotobiotic research. The symposium featured several personalities including P. C. Trexler, M. Dietrich, and M. P. Maley.

The article presents information about the thirty-seventh Annual Meeting of the British Association of Dermatology which was held in London from July 25-27, 1957. It was attended by about 100 members and numerous guests. At the Annual Business Meeting, the honorable treasurer reported the continued prosperity of the Association. On his recommendation it was agreed that in satisfactory circumstances the sum of £2500 should be offered to the Royal College of Physicians. It was decided that the meeting in year 1958 would take place in Cardiff.

The article presents information about the 36th Annual Meeting of the British Association of Dermatology which was held in London, England during July 18-19, 1956. At the meeting, the proposal was considered that ordinary members over the age of 65 should be placed on a separate list of Senior Ordinary Members and that the limited number of ordinary members should not include these senior members. This was adopted. It was decided that the next annual meeting should be held in London on July 26-28, 1957, under the presidency of Dr. W.N. Goldsmith.

This article presents information on the American Country Life Association (ACLA). The association is engaged at the present time in a vigorous membership campaign for a thousand new members. The ACLA is preparing for its Sixth Annual Conference at Saint Louis November 8-11, 1923, the theme of which is "The Rural Home." Steps are being taken to have at least 1,000 women present representing 1,000 rural counties, and to supplement this attendance with that of the representatives already referred to as vitally related to country life. The conference at Saint Louis will without doubt comprehend as valuable material as anything that has been gotten together on the rural home because of the wide range of personnel that will have been gotten together. Not only will papers be discussed, but plans are being made for an exhibit visualizing the rural homes of the more prosperous land owners, of the rancher and of the renter. One of the features of the conference, it is hoped, will be a rural drama in one of the city theatres by a large company of players who come direct from the soil.

In this article, the author presents his views on R. Paul Beisser's paper on the reorganization of professional training for social workers presented at the joint meeting of the American Sociological Society and the Association of Training Schools for Social Work, held at Chicago. The author analyzed the curriculum of Brookwood Labor College, of several trade union labor colleges, of the Sunday school of the community church and the plan proposed by Beisser. The plan itself proposes a school having a status on a par with other professional schools in a university, admission to which may be secured only after three years of college work. The curriculum of the professional school consists of specific knowledge courses, technical knowledge courses and a vocational training course. The specific knowledge courses consist of subject matter from the sciences and other branches of learning which has a bearing upon the function of the social worker. Consolidating the subjects which the social workers reported having studied, this content is organized under five main courses: medicine, law and delinquency, psychology and psychiatry, industrial problems and social work administration.