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Energy calculations for manufacture of paper from logs and waste papers are reported based on data on energy use from the Canadian Census of Manufactures and estimates for collection and de-inking of waste. The energy requirement of the recycling technology explored exceeds the energy requirement of manufacture from logs by 33%. It appears that forest conservation through recycling has a fossil fuel cost.

Following reports from Australia and overseas countries of the benefits gained from the use of optical equipment in the erection of paper and other precisely erected machines (Reference Bibliography) it was decided by Australian Paper Manufacturers Ltd. in September, 1959, to make use of the modern equipment available.

Detailed engineering studies on the energy balance profile, which resulted in the establishment of related per area energy costs in the drier section of a hypothetical 300-ton-per-day paper machine, have been converted into an economic model. Based upon these data, a conceptual design on of an equivalent paper machine in which microwave energy is substitued for more con ventional energy in selected areas has been made and an equivalent economic model developed. The comparison of these economic models is then used to demonstrate the relative merits of microwave energy as a useful source of power in paper manufacture. This comparison shows that while capital cost is somewhat increased, the overalI operating cost is decreased. Significant advantages include a more uniform moisture profile, and a substantially shortened paper machine length.

(1955). The Determination of Fermentable Sugars in Beer by Paper Chromatography. Proceedings. Annual meeting - American Society of Brewing Chemists: Vol. 13, Proceedings of the Annual Meeting 1955, pp. 167-173.

(1960). The Paper Disc Method for Determination of Bacterial Sensitivity to Antibiotics Studies on the Accuracy of the Technique. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation: Vol. 12, No. 4, pp. 408-413.

A precise and accurate method is being developed for the determination of T3/T4 ratio. This method depends on using serum of different thyroid cases for the assesment of T3/T4 ratio. It has been found that the best temperature of storage is 0.0 °C to 4 °C before extracting the iodinated tyrosines and thyronines. Iodination with 125I was done according to our previous technique to render the separated thyronine radioactive. Scanning method helped for the determination of T3/T4 ratio. The results were confirmed by sensitivity and recovery test and statistically analyzed. 100 cases were investigated comprising hypo-, eu-, and hyperthyroid cases.

The increasing use of synthetic fibres by the textile industry has resulted from appreciation that in some respects they possess properties so superior to those of the natural fibres as to justify ...

Machines employed in pulp and paper manufacturing produce high noise levels that are difficult to control. This paper presents data on noise levels both overall and in octave bands from 300 Hz through 2400 Hz in areas adjacent to such equipment with a discussion of control problems.

Frozen sections are cut from the specimen until the level of interest is reached. A strip of paper (bond or similar writing paper) 5 cm long and about 1 cm wider than the specimen is moistened with water, closely applied to the surface of the specimen and frozen onto it. As the section is cut, the end of the paper strip above the knife is grasped and turned backward toward the other end of the strip. The section is then applied to an albumenized glass slide, firmed and thawed by finger pressure, and the paper removed. After thorough drying, the preparation is ready for further processing. When properly performed, mounted sections whose details coincide to those of the uncut block can be obtained. If thawing on the knife is prevented by cooling the knife, the technic can be performed without a cryostat, but it is also feasible to use a cryostat if a favorable temperature is maintained. The authors obtained 30 μ serial sections, suitable for stereotaxic mapping, from rabbit brain by this method.

The mere fact that a thing or person has possibilities of good in large amount is no assurance that good will result from the use of that thing or from the individual possessed of that possibility. A superficial study of existing conditions is all that is necessary to ascertain the truth of this statement. The term paper is a valuable instrument in secondary and higher education but is abused and falls far short of its possibilities, because of the clumsy use of a good technique by both teachers and pupils alike. If one was to ask a number of teachers, using this device, what purpose the term paper best served they would probably most frequently receive some form of the following statements: (1) It may be used as a supplement to the regular class work to bring in material that ordinary members will be unable to obtain due to lack of time in class or ability in the pupils; (2) It serves the purpose of offering to better pupils a chance to enrich their school work and in some cases to secure a better grade; (Grades are not what we ought to be after, but it is one thing that many teachers emphasize to the point of causing many of our students to strive for them); (3) It gives a chance for valuable training in organizing valuable data and materials into more accessible and usable form; (4) and, it serves the purpose of giving an opportunity for doing rudimentary research and thus developing skill in solving problems along the line covered by the particular course. The term paper seems to aid in developing several worth-while abilities. Students are required to state a problem in workable form and collect bibliographies covering the topic. They must evaluate, eliminate, and organize the data after they have been found and collected. Many times this takes them into libraries but frequently an experiment must be devised or some accepted form of collecting data that is not available in libraries. Conclusions must be drawn and evaluated upon the basis of adequacy of sampling and reliability of sources. Many times the conclusion is unjustified by the data but the development of the technique is more valuable than the academic and etherial facts collected.

A brief description of modern paper-and-board-making machinery introduces a discussion of the properties required of the fibres used and the cloth constructions necessary in paper-makers felts. The tests applied are described. The differences between the cloth constructions needed for satisfactory functioning when making coarse, medium and fine papers as well as multi-layer boards are discussed.

The porous-block system of stabilization processing Autopositive paper was introduced some eight years ago, and was superseded by small motor-driven machines using a two-bath immersion system. With the aim of increasing the processing rate and simplifying the processing machines so that very lightweight papers could be handled, experimental monobaths were evolved. These gave promising results, but the monobath was eventually abandoned in favour of a two-solution system with surface-application processing. With such a system a processing rate of lO ft/min has been achieved, using a high pH developer, and a stabilizer based on thiocyanate. The tendency for thiocyanate to attack the silver image on keeping the processed print has been overcome by the use of chemical inhibitors in conjunction with a surface-application processing technique. The design of the processing machine makes use of the natural curl of the wetted paper to prevent wrap around the rollers, very light-weight papers being handled w...

It has been observed, and proved experimentally, that the nature of the paper surface has a considerable effect on the tone reproduction characteristics of halftone processes. It is concluded that any tone reproduction curve related to a halftone process is meaningless unless the type of paper to which it applies is specified in general terms.

A computer simulation of a microwave paper drier and coater is presented. Program options evaluate the economic feasibility of adding microwave equipment to an existing paper-making machine or to a new machine under two conditions. For a new machine the program compares the economic payoff of adding microwave drying and coating applicators at their installation against that of designing the paper-making and coating machines for the addition of a microwave applicator at a later date. The profitability of paper-making machines with microwave drying and coating equipment relative to those with conventional steam heat drying is computed by assuming that microwave drying produces a level moisture profile with higher average moisture; also, the increased drying capacity of the process can produce a higher paper-making or coating-machine speed.

The dielectric properties of paper and board at frequencies of 2.45 GHz and 27.12 MHz as measured by standard methods, are presented as a function of moisture content and orientation of the electri...

Mr Lines opened his address by introducing the Aerodist and explaining briefly some later modifications not mentioned in his paper. He said that the Division of National Mapping had recently acquired another Master Station and one more remote station making a total of three Masters and six Remotes. A brief mention was made of a remote station now being modified for dual frequency operation.

(1971). Montesquieu's Usbek: Paper Persian or Anti-Hero? Kentucky Romance Quarterly: Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 101-110.

(1880). Notes on Colonel Wilson’s Paper on the Masonry of the Haram Wall. Palestine Exploration Quarterly: Vol. 12, No. 3, pp. 159-166.

(1920). XIX. The buckling of deep beams. (Second paper.) The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science: Vol. 39, No. 230, pp. 194-223.

(1880). Notes on Colonel Wilson’s Paper on the Masonry of the Haram Wall. Palestine Exploration Quarterly: Vol. 12, No. 2, pp. 91-97.

(1958). The Life-Cycle Play or Folk Play : Some Conclusions Following the Examination of the Ordish Papers and Other Sources. Folklore: Vol. 69, No. 4, pp. 237-253.

(1875). LIV. A new relation between electricity and light: Dielectrified media birefringent (Second paper) The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science: Vol. 50, No. 333, pp. 446-458.

(1926). Measurements by Means of the Siemens' Dosimeter and the Sabouraud Pastille, And by the Former in Connection with a Tube of Sabouraud Paper. Acta Radiologica: Vol. 5, No. 4, pp. 333-371.

(1926). Some physical investigations on galvanic irritation of the labyrinth. Preliminary paper. Acta Oto-Laryngologica: Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 53-63.

(1964). Child-rearing Practices of Mothers of Asthmatic Children: Contents of Paper: Part It. Journal of Asthma Research: Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 109-142.

(1942). A Retrospective View with Indication of Some Questions Arising in Connection with the form of the Stomach and Forsell's Segments, As they Appear from the History of the Anatomy of the Stomach and the Investigations Described in the Present Paper. Acta Radiologica: Vol. 23, No. sup45, pp. 168-177.

(1871). On the transmission of electricity in liquids. Abstract of a paper. The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science: Vol. 42, No. 281, pp. 389-393.

(1952). EVOLUTION OF PAPER AND PLASTICS AS RELATED TO MAPPING. The Professional Geographer: Vol. 4, No. 5, pp. 15-18.

Production of diphenyl-impregnated fruit wrapping paper under poor hygienic conditions caused the death of one man and the poisoning of eight other workers. The diphenyl concentrations in the air had been much in excess of the present threshold limit value of 1 mg/cu m. The clinical picture of diphenyl poisoning is characterized by central and peripheral nervous damage and liver injury. The cause of death in the fatal case was acute yellow liver atrophy. In three of the eight men with poisoning, there was histological evidence of liver injury. Changes in the results of blood analysis or renal function did not occur. The prognosis of diphenyl poisoning is still unknown, but some patients showed deterioration when seen after one year.

Professor Leahy, in an effort to complement the traditional functions of public expenditures, i.e. allocation, distribution and stabilization, pro? poses another function that the government should perform.1 In all its functions the government must recognize the spatial dimensions of our economy in order to improve the quantitative and qualitative aspects of man and his society. The issue of public expenditures raised in this paper deals not only with what but also with where and why public expendi? tures should be allocated. He seems to favor balanced regional economic growth and progress, or, as I shall refer to it, a "balanced public ex? penditure" concept. I do not object to the validity of Professor Leahy's thesis?that "public expenditures?their nature and impact?must be quickly and efficiently reoriented." Unfortunately, however, there is very little in? formation available on the geographic distribution and impact of federal taxing and spending. Such information is essential before an efficient reorientation of public expenditures can be implemented. According to the National Industrial Conference Board, "the diffi? culties in developing such information are staggering and require not only a large amount of statistical sorting and reclassification of budget data by state, but also numerous economic assumptions on the shifting and incidence of federal taxing and spending."2 Some federal payments are difficult to trace geographically. The real initial impact of a defense payment is at the headquarters of the defense contractor which may be in a state other than that of the defense plant. Moreover, a prime contractor may pass on parts of the original defense order to one or more variously located subcontractors. The only study that traced and allocated, state by state, the regional impact of federal taxing and spending was that developed by the Legis? lative Reference Service of the Library of Congress for the fiscal years 1965-67. The analysis was cast mainly in terms of broad indexes based on national per capita averages of federal taxing and spending. Twenty three states with 35 percent of the country's population received per capita federal outlays within reasonably close range of national average ($590). Thirteen states with 44 percent of the population fell short of 119

How do you sell your school and your ideas to your community? In every reputable business that deals with the public, the underlying principle of its success lies in getting the public to feel a need for the business and to appreciate its existence. Is not your school a business institution ? Then, what sort of scheme do you use to get your community to place a value on the school and appreciate the work that is being done by it ? This is an easy matter, perhaps, in the larger school systems, since they are located in communities where many progressive organizations are at work all the time to keep things worth while before the public; but what of the small school systems located far out in the small towns, where people seldom organize for anything and rarely even read the local paper ? Better-trained teachers, with higher salary demands, is commonplace talk everywhere among school people. Communities are calling for college and university trained men and women to take charge of their schools. Yet, with all this, the community is so engaged with its daily business grind that it is too often unprepared educationally to accept without much criticism some of the modern educational practices that will be brought to it through the medium of this specially trained teaching force. As a result, the community not seldom is disappointed, and the teacher's work a failure. What can be done to remedy such conditions? How may the small city and town superintendent prepare to meet such circumstances? How may he prepare his community for his plans of operating the school system or for any change that he may contemplate putting into effect ?

(1833). LXIX. Remarks on Sir David Brewster's paper “On the absorption of specific rays”. In a Letter to Sir David Brewster, K.H. LL.D. F.R.S.. The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science: Vol. 2, No. 12, pp. 419-424.

(1957). Extraction of Ninhydrin-Developed Spots from Paper Chromatograms and Determination of Amino Acids. Proceedings. Annual meeting - American Society of Brewing Chemists: Vol. 15, Proceedings of the Annual Meeting 1957, pp. 60-65.

(1919). Minutes and Papers of the Twelfth Annual Meeting of the Athletic Research Society, December 26, 1918, Hotel Astor, New York City. American Physical Education Review: Vol. 24, No. 3, pp. 121-146.

(1965). Paper in Packaging. Proceedings. Annual meeting - American Society of Brewing Chemists: Vol. 23, Proceedings of the Annual Meeting 1965, pp. 123-128.

(1971). An Evaluation of Adhesives for use in Paper conservation. International Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works: Vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 58-75.

As a non-destructive method in the examination of paintings infrared photography has an increasing importance in practical restoration and the study of underdrawings: infrared photographs are frequently compared with x-radiographs for such purposes. Infrared photographs generally show a superposition of the visible image and other elements not differentiated by the human eye, but revealed in the wavelength region for which the infrared film has an extended response. Overpaintings can be discriminated in this way and damaged areas localized; changes in composition and underdrawings can be partially revealed. The image of the elements in the infrared photograph \vhich are also visible to the human eye has a density much superior to that of the specific infrared elements: the photographer has thus to work with very high densities in order to obtain a correct contrast in these elelnents made visible by infrared photography. In this respect the infrared negative contains nlore information than the positive print on paper, which is often incomplete. By using certain masking techniques [1] in which the infrared negative is superimposed upon a positive of a panchromatic film exposed with a red filter, this problem has been solved in part: great differences in density of the negative are balanced with a contrary density, and the visible image is thus annulated. Although this technique emphasizes the specific aspects of infrared photography, it demands an exact and complete superposition of the infrared negative and the panchromatic positive, which is very difficult to achieve when enlargements are required. Frequently in infrared photographs the underdrawing is visible in some areas and invisible in others; utilizing the superposition process may then annihilate the visible underdrawing. In view of these difficulties an attempt was made to obtain reasonable prints of infrared negatives permitting an easy enlargement to the scale of the painting by utilizing translucent photographic paper. This paper (Kodak Kodalith TP) nlust be developed in a normal paper developer until the areas with a high density in the negative have a good definition. In viewing the print in reflected light it appears too dark and foggy. In transmitted light, however, the various densities are well differentiated, allowing a complete 'reading' of the infrared negative. The prints on translucent paper can be studied on a negatoscope together with x-radiographs; as they can be easily enlarged to the format of the x-radiographs a precise comparison is made possible.

adds the component of affordable, local access to information via data banks and communications networks, access that can aid student learning and personal productivity. The trick for campuses in coming years, then, will be to integrate computing into the curriculum in ways that recognize all three dimensions and their interdependence, especially when it comes to the support of instruction and student learning.