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The rapid digitization of communication in the last decade, especially in social networking spaces, has contributed to radical changes in the virtual language environment in Sri Lanka. It has not only reshaped the way individuals communicate, but has also fueled the emergence of new linguistic trends that reflect the dynamic nature of language in the contemporary virtual landscape. The present study seeks to explore the prospects of a pure language ideology in Sri Lanka with special reference to the use of Sinhala and English in the virtual space. The study used a corpus of memes extracted from social media and analyzed them from a sociolinguistic standpoint using Critical Discourse Analysis. The results show that social media have created a safe space for less competent language users to interact within their linguistic capacity. The adaptation of words and the invention of neologisms have occurred due to the unavailability of terms in users' L1 or L2, as well as to avoid taboos or prohibitions. Given the rapid evolution of communication technology, added to the dynamic changes that have already occurred within languages, aspirations to linguistic purism have become unrealistic optimism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Prace Jezykoznawcze is the property of University of Warmia & Mazury in Olsztyn and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This research discusses language ideologies in Amazigh/Berber in Morocco. It analyzes Amazigh activists' views on the process of Amazigh standardization, including dialect unification, script selection and reclaiming of Amazigh identity. Drawing on findings in the study of language ideologies and discourse analysis, this paper examines interviews with activists and demonstrates a connectedness between participants' conceptions about language and their embodied actions. It also reveals ideological assemblages, in which conflicting language beliefs and practices are bound together. Through examination of the ideological divide on Amazigh language and script, the study shows how verbal and nonverbal actions iconically index aspects of Amazigh language ideologies, including linguistic purism, manifested through intricate forms of recontextualized lexical items, embodied gestures and voice features. The participants' linguistic and non-linguistic practices provide insight into particular identity dimensions and complex social relations. The indexicalities of their utterances, which will be analyzed discursively, are better understood not only through consideration of the various semiotic resources such as embodiment, but also through discussion of specific histories of political and linguistic conflicts. The study as a whole relies on an interdisciplinary method to emphasize the political nature of language standardization and demonstrate the significant role of embodiment in language ideological research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to analyse how Atticist lexicographers used ancient sources to problematize their lack of sensitivity to literary contexts. This article focuses on comic passages that are interpreted according to the prescriptive outlook of Atticist lexicographers. I will show how lexicographers' notes on linguistic correctness betray a general indifference towards the stylistic registers and complex variety of the language of comedy. Two case studies will be investigated: (a) the backdating of koine words and (b) the misinterpretation of comic corrections. The analysis of these two cases shows that lexicographers very often interpreted comic attestations as evidence of regular Greek expressions if this reading served the purpose of censoring or supporting a specific usage, regardless of whether or not the comedians were using a word metaphorically or in a jocular way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Language Problems & Language Planning is the property of John Benjamins Publishing Co. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study examines usage changes of English-based loanwords and Korean replacement words promoted by the National Institute of Korean Language in a six-year span, using two corpora. It focuses on 18 Korean and anglicized word pairs appearing on the National Institute of Korean Language's website that purportedly showcase the Institute's successful efforts to curtail the usage of English words by promoting Korean replacement words. The results indicate that promoting Korean does not necessarily decrease the usage of English, and that the usage of English-based words seems to increase in conjunction with the Korean words. Several Korean words promoted by the National Institute of Korean Language have extremely low frequencies, and some loanwords are being used with various meanings. Commentaries are provided to explain various patterns of observed usage change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the history of the Icelandic linguistic purism (málhreinsunarstefna). For many years Icelanders have been known for their conservative attitude to any kind of foreign influence on their language. The country’s official language policy is to preserve the Icelandic language in an untouched form. To achieve that, Icelanders avoid borrowing words or grammatical structures from other languages. The study provides an outline of different undertakings aimed at preserving the Icelandic language, and presents the most important Icelandic organisations involved in language planning and key legal regulations in this area. It also describes Icelanders’ attitude to the impact of the English language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Media is strong enough to influence different fields, including economy, politics, education, to name but a few. This influence is inevitable on languages of the world. Distant contact has proved to introduce interesting language contact phenomena just like direct contact does. The present paper investigated Corona-related lexis in the spoken language of Arabic-broadcasting media, namely Aljazeera and A3 (an Algerian public channel). The significance of the study lies in showing the extent to which such media can influence Standard Arabic and how journalists can be important language agents. The question guiding the research is to circle the main linguistic process(es) adopted by journalists when they are faced with a situation which calls for immediate lexical modernization to name new concepts or objects. The research built on a descriptive discourse analysis method within the language-in-use approach for studying a corpus of 9314 utterances. It was found that media plays a role of prime importance in the diffusion of new vocabulary. Such diffusion remains uncontrolled by linguistic bodies, and therefore the linguists' role is, to a certain extent, divorced. It was found that the media language builds on borrowings, manifested in different types. Semantic expansion of already existing Arabic words was less attested. Coinage was found to be the least adopted method to introduce new items to name novel objects and concepts. Also, a point of prime significance is that English remains the main lending language on which Standard Arabic depends in the modernization of its dictionary. It was reported that some of the core borrowings of English origin are diffused even in the Maghreb region (namely Algeria) where French used to be a dominant foreign language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vladimir Nabokov, a Russian-American writer who wrote in two languages, Russian and English, is one of the most outstanding writers of the twentieth century. Nabokov's bilingualism is the source of his success, and this article tries to answer the question: is it the source of the Lolita author's linguistic purism? Brought up in an Anglophile family, fluent in two languages, Nabokov had to strive for linguistic perfection, which was both an expression of his talent, as well as hard work with the language and his experience as a translator. The perfection of his literary language, his mastery of style expressed in allusions, cryptic quotations, repetitions, made Nabokov a virtuoso, a master of words and a literary authority, allowing him to adopt a critical and radical attitude towards literary texts, especially those translated into foreign languages. Thus, Nabokov's linguistic purism is due to his artistic manner and creative consistency and also the high demands the writer made on himself. Hence, he categorically judged other authors and translators. According to Nabokov, literary talent obliges one to linguistic purism, and true masterpieces are characterized by artistically perfect language that delights the readers.

Предметом исследования является изучение тенденции заимствований англицизмов в немецком языке, активно распространяющейся в Германии, и обусловленных ею процессов в немецком языке. Англицизмы занимают большую часть лексического состава немецкого языка и во многих случаях являются избыточными. Созданная в 1997 г. Ассоциация «Der Verein Deutsche Sprache» ведет свою деятельность в русле языкового пуризма, продвигает идею сохранения аутентичности и культуры речи немецкого языка.С лингвистической точки зрения, большой интерес представляет дальнейшее изучение причин заимствований, их целесообразность, с одной стороны, с другой стороны, немаловажными остаются вопросы психолингвистических механизмов речевого воздействия англицизмов на носителей языка-реципиента. Кроме того, значительный интерес представляет процесс восприятия заимствований носителями языка, результатом которого становится возникновение в языке частей речи, характеризующих данное отношение, например, Denglisch, denglisch, Engleutsch.

Copyright of Filologija is the property of Croatian Academy of Sciences & Arts (HAZU) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Status of Turkish Loanwords marama and maramica in Modern Croatian The present article aims to investigate the status, frequency and function of Turkish loanwords marama and maramica in modern Croatian. This study attempts to compare views of Croatian linguists on these lexemes with their practical usage recorded in online corpora. The analysis demonstrates that a purist language policy applied in Croatia, especially in the 1990s, resulted in a change of status of marama and maramica in standard Croatian: these originally stylistically neutral lexemes came to be regarded as regionalisms, “worse” words or even Serbisms. On the other hand, the corpus study under discussion indicates that the loanwords marama and maramica are still popular in journalistic and official texts, where they appear in a number of new contexts. Status turcyzmów marama i maramica we współczesnym języku chorwackim Głównym celem publikacji jest zbadanie statusu, frekwencji i funkcji turcyzmów marama i maramica we współczesnym języku chorwackim. Artykuł stanowi próbę konfrontacji poglądów na temat badanych leksemów, formułowanych przede wszystkim przez chorwackich lingwistów, z uzusem poświadczonym w korpusach językowych. Badania pokazują, że purystyczna polityka językowa prowadzona w Chorwacji, przede wszystkim w latach 90. XX wieku, skutkowała zmianą statusu wspomnianych słów w standardowym języku chorwackim: te początkowo neutralne stylistycznie wyrazy zaczęto określać mianem regionalizmów, form gorszych, a nawet serbizmów. Z drugiej strony analiza korpusu pokazuje, że leksemy marama i maramica są nadal bardzo popularne w tekstach publicystycznych i urzędowych, gdzie pojawią się w licznych nowych kontekstach.

The present study explores a largely forgotten Germanization dictionary published in early decades of the 19th century in Prague. A short overview of J. G. Sommer's life will be presented as well as his set of rules on Germanizing loanwords, and a second edition of his dictionary published in 1819 will be described. The main part of the study comprises of presenting the results of an analysis conducted on two selected parts of the dictionary and a brief comparison between Sommer's work on purism and the work of one the most famous authors of Germanization dictionaries published in Germany, Joachim Heinrich Campe.

This study focuses on two German dictionaries published in the Bohemian Lands during the 19th century, whose titles show their relatedness to language purism. In the first part of the study, both dictionaries are presented and compared based on various criteria such as their authors' motivation for publishing them and the presence of any aspects of Germanisation processes. The second part contains an analysis of two parts of the dictionaries; the aim is to examine the dictionary entries and identify the authors' personal stance on language purism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Linguistic purist ideologies circulate widely on the Yucatan peninsula in Mexico. Yucatec Maya speakers differentiate a 'pure," "authentic" Maya located in the past from a "mixed," "corrupted" Maya located in the present. Today, the ideologically "pure," "authentic" Maya of the past, jach maaya, is gaining a new center of authenticity in the present through its increasing institutionalization. This project is doubly modern in its temporal rupture, which engages the past as authentic and enduring, and rupture with society, which rejects vernacular Maya for institutionally authoritative language practices, produced largely through the science of linguistics. Authenticating jach maaya today through increased institutionalization holds implications for Maya speakers' livelihoods, vernacular language practices, and understandings of Maya‐ness, as well as for the future of these. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study explores a largely forgotten Germanization dictionary published in early decades of the 19th century in Prague. A short overview of J. G. Sommer’s life will be presented as well as his set of rules on Germanizing loanwords, and a second edition of his dictionary published in 1819 will be described. The main part of the study comprises of presenting the results of an analysis conducted on two selected parts of the dictionary and a brief comparison between Sommer’s work on purism and the work of one the most famous authors of Germanization dictionaries published in Germany, Joachim Heinrich Campe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Madrygal: Revista de Estudios Gallegos is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studia z Filologii Polskiej i Slowianskiej is the property of Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Slavic Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The objective of this work is to examine an unpublished spanish text that can provide us with significant data on the forms of sociability in the 18th century, since sociability is one of the features that characterize the Enlightenment century. In this context, the conversation plays a central role. And the text we analyze is not only a sample of it, but also provides us with data on how this was configured as a discursive genre. To understand it, we will have to refer to certain issues such as neologism, linguistic purism and foreignism in the eighteenth century. We will see that our examination allows us to clarify throbbing issues such as the participation of women in the salons, the configuration of the conversation as a discursive genre and the transcendence of this, and the origin of linguistic attitudes such as purism and "casticismo" in relation to neology and foreignness. For the rest, and in the strictly methodological field, our analysis combines the sociohistorical approach and the discursive approach from a pragmatic perspective, and approaches the Historical Discourse Analysis or the Historical or Diachronic Pragmatics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Linguistic purism as an area of linguistic analysis describes the practices of identification and acknowledgement of a certain language variety as more structurally advanced as compared to its other varieties. Linguistic protection is associated with preservation of some abstract, classical, conservative linguistic ideal and performs the regulatory function, above all. The puristic approach to the development of the English language has been subjected to heated debate for several centuries and is reflected in both scientific research and literary texts. Supporters of purification of the English language champion the idea of protection of “pure language”. The idea, however, is actively criticized by opponents.

Linguistic purism can play an especially political role in legitimising and authenticating indigenous identities. For languages now undergoing revitalisation after histories of colonial conquest, purism that precludes foreign influences in language corpora and behaviour can be seen as reversing the impacts of language contact and reasserting indigeneity. This is indeed the case for te reo Māori, the indigenous language of New Zealand, that was suppressed and essentially outlawed by the British but is now undergoing revitalisation. How indigenous New Zealanders feel about such purism, however, has been subject to minimal inquiry. This article analyses the attitudes of around 200 Māori youth, solicited through an online survey, to purism in Māori vocabulary development and to a recurring purist discourse, commonly reproduced by indigenous elders, that criticises errors when speaking te reo Māori. The article reveals a tension between supporting purism for the linguistic self-determination of the indigenous collective, and rejecting purism on the basis this inhibits the linguistic emancipation of individuals. On balance, it appears these Māori youth may hold significantly less purist attitudes than current language policy and locally pervasive ideology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this article is to generally map the development of selected terminological nomenclatures with emphasis on the changes after 1918. We will outline the historical background on which the terminological work after 1918 was built, and illustrate the main terminological systems which were developed or stabilized after 1918. We will concentrate on the newly developing electro-technical, automobile, aircraft terminology and similar industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of the current heated debate surrounding the pervasive influence of the English language and Anglo-American culture on other languages, as well as the widespread purist attitude towards some contact-induced language change phenomena, both abroad and in Romania, our article discusses the situation of English lexical borrowings in present-day Romanian, focusing on the perception and processing of the so-called luxury Anglicisms (Sections 2 and 3) by young Romanian native speakers, in an attempt to see whether such an analysis can help clarify their acceptability and diffusion across our target population. We propose an alternative cognitive, psycholinguistic approach to the study of contact-induced lexical borrowings, aiming to show that there is no difference in the young Romanian native speakers' processing of sentences containing luxury Anglicisms and their established Romanian counterparts. Such findings may support our claim that the acceptability and diffusion of such Anglicisms are pervasive across our target population, even if the official position generally condemns such uses, considering them gratuitous and a burden in communication, even making it unintelligible sometimes. Our analysis starts from the observation that most (but not all) Romanian academics, whether linguists or not, tend to embrace a purist attitude, while on the other hand young Romanians accept such Anglicisms and tend to use them extensively. In fact, such uses are not limited to young people, who have been the subjects of our research, but are the 'norm' in daily conversations and elsewhere across the general population (Stoichițoiu Ichim 2006). Thus, there seems to be a gap between the actual acceptability and diffusion of luxury Anglicisms among Romanians and the 'official' recommendations. Based on the results of a sensicality task, meant to show how 188 Romanians, aged 18–22, process and perceive sentences with or without luxury Anglicisms (see Section 6), we will try to show that luxury Anglicisms are accepted and, by recurrent use, diffused among the Romanian community. For a more accurate picture of their diffusion, the findings will be further correlated with data from CoRoLa, the only official corpus of present-day Romanian (beginning 1989) made available under the auspices of the Romanian Academy, as well as a corpus currently in the making, and the Internet (see Section 7). Besides showing that luxury Anglicisms cannot really be blamed for burdening or impairing processing, and thus communication, and explaining why such uses should not be censured or disapproved, we hope that our study of acceptability and diffusion will demonstrate that we are dealing with a complex, multi-layered phenomenon that can be better understood by going beyond a diachronic and synchronic analysis of particular words and a frequency count, and should incorporate more experimental data. Last but not least, we suggest that, on the practical side, such experimental studies as the one described here could be used as an additional criterion for the lexicographic inclusion of lexical borrowings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates the obsolescence of Arabic loanwords in Persian press. For this purpose the Ettelaat newspaper of the years of 1310 and 1311 was selected and some of the Arabic words having been extensively used in Persian at that time was gathered. The major reason of obsolescence of these words is word coinage and the tendency to replace foreign words with Persian words. Negative attitude to Arabic language against positive attitude to Persian is the important reason of Persian word coinage that here the Academy of Persian Literature and Language has played the important role. Furthermore being heavy of Arabic words, linguisticpurism and also patriotism have been resulted to word coinage. Besides word coinage, there are another reasons for obsolescence of Arabic words that are: social, cultural and political changes, taboos and euphemisms. In this article we just investigate the word coinage that is the most important reason of obsolescence.

In this paper I study how purism and standardization influenced in the modern development of a morphological variable of the Galician language: the plural of the polysyllabical acute nouns finished in /-l/ in their singular form

The following paper will try to present and contextualize Dujmušić’s linguistic contributions to the preservation of the Croatian language. Works on linguistic purism may be classified according to Thomas’s categorization of puristic activity (1991). Dujmušić’s “Antibarbarus hrvatskoga jezika” is one of the most interesting and also one of the most extensive studies in the field of linguistic purism. The work is quite compelling, not only because of its obscurity in linguistic circles, but also due to the fact that during the Vukovian and anti-Vukovian opposition, Dujmušić had been an advocate of the weaker, anti-Vukovian party. Ever since, there has been no scientific response to Dujmušić’s work – his linguistic contributions are yet to be represented and evaluated.

The focus of this paper is on language attitudes towards English words and phrases in the Croatian language. In order to prevent loanwords, linguistic purism has arisen as a theory about what languages should be like. The tradition of linguistic purism in Croatia has been shaped by various socio-historical factors. English may be viewed as a language of opportunity, or as a threat to the survival of other, usually minority and endangered, languages. In order to provide an insight into the use of English words and phrases in the Croatian context, a questionnaire about language attitudes and awareness was conducted on 534 participants. The aim of the questionnaire was to determine participants’ language attitudes and familiarity with English words and phrases. The results show that although people in Croatia generally like English, many of them are not familiar with English words, especially older participants and those with little or no knowledge of the English language. Moreover, the results indicate that the younger generation is more inclined towards English than the older generation; however, they are not as familiar with Croatian equivalents as they claim.

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Research into linguistic purism often reflects a critical, if not contemptuous attitude towards its subject of inquiry. The reasons for this are purists' prescriptivist stance, as well as their frequent association with ethno-linguistic nationalism, an ideology in moral disrepute. We argue that this approach of purism produces blind spots. Following Pratt's suggestion, we reconsider linguistic purism in this article as the effect of a utopian discourse and show how a desire for (linguistic) purity is at the very heart of the project of modernity. We apply our theoretical framework to the history of purism in modern Flanders (nineteenth to twenty-first century). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The second half of the twentieth century has seen the emergence in Québec of a number of societies for the protection or promotion of the French language. Since the 1990s, new societies have increasingly been established online, with older ones also creating an online presence. Most of these societies publish journals which appear several times a year. An earlier study (Walsh 2013) has shown that the type of metalanguage used and the major preoccupations reflected by these societies on their websites and in their journals can be seen to reflect a moderately purist attitude (based on the theoretical framework for evaluating and measuring purism outlined by George Thomas 1991). This article presents the results of a similar investigation of a sample of chroniques de langage, columns dealing with questions of language, which appear regularly in journals and newspapers. The content and metalanguage of chroniques from two periods (1880-1889 and 1940-1949) will be compared, to determine whether the current-day purism displayed by Québécois language societies is reflected in an earlier period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]