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Solid-state electrolytes (SSE) are one of the fundamental components of the upcoming generation of batteries since they increase the operational safety and efficiency. In this work, composite solid electrolytes (CSE) based on Li 1.3 Al 0.3 Ti 1.7 (PO 4) 3 and a (PEO 2 -LiTFSI) polymer matrix are obtained via the pioneering Cold Sintering Process (CSP), with a drastic reduction of the conventional sintering temperature. The CSP is performed at only 150 °C and 700 MPa, for 90 min of sintering time, by using a 3 m acetic acid solution as the transient liquid phase (TLP). Here, the effect of the LATP particle size (d 50) is studied to tailor the final microstructure, which enables the fine-tuning of the ultimate electrical properties of the electrolyte. An optimum d 50 of 0.415 μm produces CSEs with 91 % of relative density, an ionic conductivity of 0.169 mS/cm, activation energy of 0.293 eV and electrical stability under 0.1 mA/cm2, thus leading to competitive properties. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A PVDF/CA/LATP CSE is developed via a facile solution-casting process. • PVDF/CA ratio and LATP fractions affect CSE's crystallinity and structural porosity. • The optimized CSE exhibits a high ionic conductivity of 4.9 × 10-4 S cm−1. • The optimized CSE possesses a wide electrochemical window up to 5.0 V vs. Li/Li+. • An LFP-based cell containing PVDF/CA/LATP CSE delivers over 160 mAh g−1 capacity. To enhance energy density and secure the safety of lithium-ion batteries, developing solid-state electrolytes is a promising strategy. In this study, a composite solid-state electrolyte (CSE) composed of poly(vinylidene difluoride) (PVDF)/cellulose acetate (CA) matrix, lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) salt, and Li 1.3 Al 0.3 Ti 1.7 (PO 4) 3 (LATP) fillers is developed via a facile solution-casting method. The PVDF/CA ratio, LiTFSI, and LATP fractions affect the crystallinity, structural porosity, and thermal and electrochemical stability of the PVDF/CA/LATP CSE. The optimized CSE (4P1C-40LT/20F) presents a high ionic conductivity of 4.9 × 10-4 S cm−1 and a wide electrochemical window up to 5.0 V vs. Li/Li+. A lithium iron phosphate-based cell containing the CSE delivers a high discharge capacity of over 160 mAh g−1 at 25 °C, outperforming its counterpart containing PVDF/CA polymer electrolyte. It also exhibits satisfactory cycling stability at 1C with approximately 90 % capacity retention at the 200th cycle. Additionally, its rate performance is promising, demonstrating a capacity retention of approximately 80 % under varied rates (2C/0.1C). The increased amorphous region, Li+ transportation pathways, and Li+ concentration of the 4P1C-40LT/20F CSE membrane facilitate Li+ migration within the CSE, thus improving the battery performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Composite solid electrolytes (CSEs) integrate the fast ion conductivity of inorganic electrolytes and the excellent interfacial compatibility of polymer electrolytes. Typically, fluoropolymers and garnets are promising individuals to formulate cutting‐edge CSEs owing to their unique properties. However, the alkaline garnets can induce the dehydrofluorination of fluoropolymers, deteriorating their CSEs performance. Here, for the first time, NH4HCO3 is proposed as a sacrificial inhibitor to effectively prevent the garnet‐induced dehydrofluorination, using Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 (LLZTO) and poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) (PVH) as symbolic garnets and fluoropolymers, respectively. Various findings demonstrate that NH4HCO3 can buffer the alkalinity of LLZTO, thereby inhibiting the dehydrofluorination of PVH. In addition, NH4HCO3 can completely decompose to volatiles upon drying without compromising the properties of LLZTO and PVH. Additionally, a polymer‐in‐salt strategy is further introduced by adding high‐concentration LiTFSI salt to the above system, resulting in the PVH/LiTFSI/LLZTO (PLL) CSEs. Benefiting from the synergetic coupling of the sacrificial inhibitor and polymer‐in‐salt strategies, the PLL exhibits an exceptionally high ionic conductivity of 1.2 mS cm−1 at 25 °C and stable voltage of 5.09 V, outperforming other reported CSEs. Consequently, the PLL delivers impressive high‐rate cyclability in solid‐state lithium‐metal batteries with an outstanding capacity retention of 95.4% after 240 cycles at 1 C (25 °C). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyethylene oxide (PEO)/lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) is among the most promising candidates for developing solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) for all‐solid‐state lithium‐metal batteries (ASSLMBs). However, practical applications of the PEO/LiTFSI system face challenges due to its relatively low ionic conductivity and low Li+ transference number. To address these issues, a method is proposed that incorporates multiple components, including zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIF‐67) as fillers and ionic liquid electrolytes (ILEs) as plasticizers, into a PEO/LiTFSI matrix. By optimizing the fabrication process, ultra‐thin membranes of the integrated electrolyte PEO/LiTFSI‐ILE‐ZIF‐67 (PLiZ) with a thickness of 32 µm are developed, achieving high ionic conductivity (1.19 × 10−4 S cm−1 at 25 °C), broad electrochemical stability (5.66 V), and high lithium‐ion mobility (0.8). As a result, the fabricated ASSLMBs exhibited excellent cycle stability at both room temperature and 60 °C, delivering an initial specific discharge capacity of 166.4 mAh g−1 and an impressive capacity retention of 83.7% after 1000 cycles at 3C under 60 °C, corresponding to a low fading rate of 0.0163% per cycle. Additionally, the designed SPEs demonstrated high safety properties, as shown by the successful cutting and folding of a working LiFePO4/PLiZ/Li pouch cell. Therefore, this study presents a comprehensively improved method for developing high‐performance ASSLMBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Achieving compatibility of composite solid electrolytes among materials for fabricating lithium‐ion batteries presents a significant challenge. This work aimed to study the role of the ZSM‐5 zeolite paracrystalline on the compatibility of CMCh‐based CSE. The ZSM‐5 zeolite intermediates and products were synthesized using the free organic template method, while the CSE membranes were fabricated by combining CMCh, ZSM‐5, and lithium perchlorate (LiClO4) using the solution‐casting method. The result showed that the synthesis of ZSM‐5 zeolite has been successfully performed. FTIR spectrum at wavenumber ~950 cm−1 of ZSM‐5 zeolite indicates that secondary building unit (SBU) structures exist. The SBU structure of ZSM‐5 zeolite indicates the paracrystalline structure of ZSM‐5 zeolite, which is compatible with the CMCh structure. The characterizations in this work were conducted to study the interaction, morphology, crystallinity index, thermal stability, mechanical strength, and ionic conductivity through FTIR, SEM, XRD, TGA, tensile tester, and EIS, respectively. The CSE of CMCh/Z5AH‐LiClO4 was the optimum condition exhibiting ionic conductivity as high as 4.35 x 10−6 S cm−1 with a crystallinity index of 34.25 %, a tensile strength of 46.67 MPa and onset thermal degradation of 262.61 °C. These results suggest that CMCh/Z5AH‐LiClO4 holds promise as a solid electrolyte material for lithium‐ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solid-state batteries (SSBs) have been widely studied as next-generation lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) for many electronic devices due to their high energy density, stability, nonflammability, and chemical stability compared to LiBs which consist of liquid electrolytes. However, solid electrolytes exhibit poor electrochemical characteristics due to their interfacial properties, and the sintering process, which necessitates high temperatures, is an obstacle to the commercialization of SSBs. Hence, the aim of this study was to improve the interfacial properties of the lithium tantalum phosphate (LTPO) solid electrolyte by adding succinonitrile (SN) on the interface of the LTPO particle to enhance ionic conductivity without the sintering process. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), the Li symmetric cell test, and the galvanostatic cycle test were performed to verify the performance of the SN-containing LTPO composite electrolyte. The LTPO composite solid electrolyte exhibited a high ionic conductivity of 1.93 × 10−4 S/cm at room temperature (RT) compared to the conventional LTPO. Also, it showed good cycle stability, and low interfacial resistance with Li metal, ensuring electrochemical stability. On the basis of our experimental results, the performance of solid electrolytes could be improved by adding SN and lithium salt. In addition, the SN can be used to fabricate the solid electrolytes without the sintering process at high temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite their potential as next-generation energy storage devices, all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) have not been widely developed because of the low ionic conductivity of solid electrolytes and the high interfacial impedance with electrodes. This study addressed these issues by enhancing the electrochemical properties through composition control. A composite solid electrolyte (CSE) was fabricated using Li6.5Ga0.2La2.95Rb0.05Zr2O12 (Ga–Rb-doped LLZO) and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) with various compositions. The results demonstrated high ionic conductivity and electrochemical stability when the weight ratio of Ga–Rb-doped LLZO to PEO was 6:4. These characteristics effectively mitigated Li dendrite formation and ensured excellent interfacial stability. Notably, LiFePO4/CSEs/Li full cells retained 92.3% of their initial capacity after 100 cycles at a 0.3 C rate. This study will promote the research and development of practical ASSBs incorporating LLZO solid electrolytes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Composite solid electrolytes (CSEs) composed of polymer matrix and inorganic fillers show considerable potential for applications in all-solid-state lithium (Li) metal batteries. However, challenges such as fillers agglomeration and low lithium ion transference number (t Li+) remain significant obstacles to the practical application of CSEs. Herein, a general strategy of graft polymerization on the fillers surface to modulate the interface compatibility with the polymer matrix is proposed, and CSEs are prepared to verify the feasibility. The microstructure and composition of the surface coating of the fillers are analyzed, with subsequent studies of the fillers distribution within the CSEs confirming the improved interface compatibility. The enhancement of interface compatibility facilitates uniform dispersion of fillers, thereby greatly improving the utilization of fillers. CSEs exhibits high ionic conductivity (0.163 mS·cm−1 at 30 °C) and t Li+ (0.77), which gives the battery excellent rate performance and cycle stability. Therefore, chemical grafting of polymer onto the fillers surface to enhance the interface compatibility with the polymer matrix represents a promising strategy for the practical application of solid-state batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low ionic conductivity, narrow electrochemical window and poor mechanical property are the core problems that polymer solid electrolyte is difficult for practical application. Choosing suitable polymer and regulating the ion transport path through inorganic fillers is an important method to solve the above problems. Herein, a polymeric matrix composite solid electrolyte(CSE) was achieved by combining electrospun Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) fibers and highly viscoelastic polypropylene oxide(PPO). The PPO matrix provides the CSE with good mechanical property to 56.75 MPa. While the addition of fibrous LLZO improves the ion transport channels of the CSE, which boosts the ionic conductivity, electrochemical window and ion transport number up to 4.59 × 10− 4 S cm− 1 at room temperature, 5.4 V and 0.74, respectively, when the content of LLZO fiber is 7.5 wt% of PPO polymer. The prepared PPO-LLZO fibers electrolyte can be used in high-voltage solid-state lithium battery and shows good rate and cycle performances. This composite solid electrolyte film and its simplified preparation conditions is beneficial for practical applications in solid-state batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The NASICON-type ceramic Li 1·5 Al 0.5 Ge 1.5 (PO4) 3 (LAGP) electrolyte has been proposed as the most competitive candidates of electrolyte materials toward solid-state Li metal batteries (LMBs) by reason of its high ionic conductivity, cyclic stability under extreme temperatures and wide voltage window. However, poor interface contact, high interfacial resistance and intractable mechanical properties greatly limit its practical applications. In this work, an inorganic-polymer "LAGP in PVDF" quasi-solid-state electrolyte (QSSE) is developed via solution casting method, in which pyr14TFSI ionic liquid (IL) and LiTFSI are combined as functional wetting interface. Benefiting from the coherent interaction of LAGP nanoparticles incorporated into the polymer matrix, and inherent protection of IL, the overall performance of the optimized QSSE include thermal stability, dense structure, flexibility and electrochemical properties. The XRD, SEM, XPS tests demonstrate that the IL using as a solid/electrolyte modified interlayer can enhance Li+ transport, interfacial infiltration and homogenize lithium deposition. The LiFePO 4 |PL-25LAGP|Li solid-state battery presents an excellent circulation performance under ambient temperature, which displayed an initial discharge specific capacity of 146.8 mAh g−1 at 0.5C and capacity retention of 96.25 % after 150 cycles. The flexibility PL-LAGP CSE shows superior safety and greater development potential for the "LAGP in PVDF" composite electrolyte in solid state LMBs. • The LAGP in PVDF" composite solid electrolyte is optimizing though component regulation. • The pyr14TFSI ionic liquid and LiTFSI are combined as functional wetting interface layer. • Unveiling the chemical reactions occurring in LAGP-PVDF QSSE and pyr14TFSI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Rare Metals is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Composite solid electrolyte (CSE), especially the composite room temperature solid electrolyte (CRTSE), is emerging as the promising electrolyte for all-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLB) due to their ability to combine the desirable properties of ceramic and polymer-based electrolytes and the room temperature operation condition. In this paper, the CRTSE with polyethylene oxide (PEO), bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI), succinonitrile (SN), LLZTO inorganic fillers, and cross-linked ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate (ETPTA) was proposed. With the help of lithium dendrite suppression via cross-linked microscopic pore structure, enhancement of the ionic conductivity via LLZTO fillers, and wide electrochemical window via SN, the obtained LCSE showed high ionic conductivity (2.12 × 10−4 S cm−1), high Li+ transfer number (tLi+ = 0.55), and stable electrochemical window (5.0 V vs Li/Li+) at room temperature. The Li symmetrical cell with LCSE can cycle over 500 h stably with current density of 0.1 mA cm−2 and 0.5 mA cm−2 at room temperature. The full solid-state LiFePO4 cell can successfully work over 200 cycles with capacity retention ratio of about 70% at room temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights This study introduces an innovative 3D-printed electrolyte with vertically aligned ion transport network, which contains well-dispersed nanoscale Ta-doped Li7La3Zr2O12 in a poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate matrix. The 3DSE architecture enables efficient ion transport across the Li/electrolyte and electrolyte/cathode interfaces, which allows for increased active material mass loading and enhanced interfacial adhesion. The p-3DSE Li symmetric cell displays an impressive critical current density value of 1.92 mA cm−2 and stable operation for 2600 h at room temperature. Full cells using p-3DSE achieve notable areal capacities.

Highlights A scalable tape-casting method produces self-supported porous Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12. Combining the in-situ polymerization approach, a composite solid electrolyte with superior electrochemical properties is fabricated. Solid-state Li|CSE|LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cells show remarkable cyclability and rate capability. LiF-and B-rich interphase layers mitigate interfacial reactions, enhancing solid-state battery performance.

Solid-state batteries (SSBs) have been widely studied as next-generation lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) for many electronic devices due to their high energy density, stability, nonflammability, and chemical stability compared to LiBs which consist of liquid electrolytes. However, solid electrolytes exhibit poor electrochemical characteristics due to their interfacial properties, and the sintering process, which necessitates high temperatures, is an obstacle to the commercialization of SSBs. Hence, the aim of this study was to improve the interfacial properties of the lithium tantalum phosphate (LTPO) solid electrolyte by adding succinonitrile (SN) on the interface of the LTPO particle to enhance ionic conductivity without the sintering process. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), the Li symmetric cell test, and the galvanostatic cycle test were performed to verify the performance of the SN-containing LTPO composite electrolyte. The LTPO composite solid electrolyte exhibited a high ionic conductivity of 1.93 × 10−4 S/cm at room temperature (RT) compared to the conventional LTPO. Also, it showed good cycle stability, and low interfacial resistance with Li metal, ensuring electrochemical stability. On the basis of our experimental results, the performance of solid electrolytes could be improved by adding SN and lithium salt. In addition, the SN can be used to fabricate the solid electrolytes without the sintering process at high temperatures.

Due to their higher safety, stability and energy density, all-solid-state batteries will be promising candidates for the next generation of lithium battery systems. The acquisition of high-performance solid-state electrolytes is pivotal in the actualization of all-solid-state batteries. By uniformly dispersing nanoscale Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 (LATP) powders into polyethylene oxide (PEO)-LiClO4 at varying mass ratios, a composite electrolyte membrane of approximately 50 μm thickness was prepared using the casting method. Subsequent characterization of these materials, accomplished through X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and cyclic charge–discharge tests, unveiled intriguing findings. Although the beneficial effect of LATP on the conductivity of PEO is somewhat limited, it demonstrates a capability to reduce the interface impedance between polyethylene oxide and lithium metal, thereby enhancing interface stability. This research provides constructive insights and prompts for designing composite electrolytes for future all-solid-state batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: This study introduces an innovative 3D-printed electrolyte with vertically aligned ion transport network, which contains well-dispersed nanoscale Ta-doped Li7La3Zr2O12 in a poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate matrix. The 3DSE architecture enables efficient ion transport across the Li/electrolyte and electrolyte/cathode interfaces, which allows for increased active material mass loading and enhanced interfacial adhesion. The p-3DSE Li symmetric cell displays an impressive critical current density value of 1.92 mA cm−2 and stable operation for 2600 h at room temperature. Full cells using p-3DSE achieve notable areal capacities. Improving the long-term cycling stability and energy density of all-solid-state lithium (Li)-metal batteries (ASSLMBs) at room temperature is a severe challenge because of the notorious solid–solid interfacial contact loss and sluggish ion transport. Solid electrolytes are generally studied as two-dimensional (2D) structures with planar interfaces, showing limited interfacial contact and further resulting in unstable Li/electrolyte and cathode/electrolyte interfaces. Herein, three-dimensional (3D) architecturally designed composite solid electrolytes are developed with independently controlled structural factors using 3D printing processing and post-curing treatment. Multiple-type electrolyte films with vertical-aligned micro-pillar (p-3DSE) and spiral (s-3DSE) structures are rationally designed and developed, which can be employed for both Li metal anode and cathode in terms of accelerating the Li+ transport within electrodes and reinforcing the interfacial adhesion. The printed p-3DSE delivers robust long-term cycle life of up to 2600 cycles and a high critical current density of 1.92 mA cm−2. The optimized electrolyte structure could lead to ASSLMBs with a superior full-cell areal capacity of 2.75 mAh cm−2 (LFP) and 3.92 mAh cm−2 (NCM811). This unique design provides enhancements for both anode and cathode electrodes, thereby alleviating interfacial degradation induced by dendrite growth and contact loss. The approach in this study opens a new design strategy for advanced composite solid polymer electrolytes in ASSLMBs operating under high rates/capacities and room temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: A scalable tape-casting method produces self-supported porous Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12. Combining the in-situ polymerization approach, a composite solid electrolyte with superior electrochemical properties is fabricated. Solid-state Li|CSE|LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cells show remarkable cyclability and rate capability. LiF-and B-rich interphase layers mitigate interfacial reactions, enhancing solid-state battery performance. Composite solid electrolytes (CSEs) have emerged as promising candidates for safe and high-energy–density solid-state lithium metal batteries (SSLMBs). However, concurrently achieving exceptional ionic conductivity and interface compatibility between the electrolyte and electrode presents a significant challenge in the development of high-performance CSEs for SSLMBs. To overcome these challenges, we present a method involving the in-situ polymerization of a monomer within a self-supported porous Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 (LLZT) to produce the CSE. The synergy of the continuous conductive LLZT network, well-organized polymer, and their interface can enhance the ionic conductivity of the CSE at room temperature. Furthermore, the in-situ polymerization process can also construct the integration and compatibility of the solid electrolyte–solid electrode interface. The synthesized CSE exhibited a high ionic conductivity of 1.117 mS cm−1, a significant lithium transference number of 0.627, and exhibited electrochemical stability up to 5.06 V vs. Li/Li+ at 30 °C. Moreover, the Li|CSE|LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cell delivered a discharge capacity of 105.1 mAh g−1 after 400 cycles at 0.5 C and 30 °C, corresponding to a capacity retention of 61%. This methodology could be extended to a variety of ceramic, polymer electrolytes, or battery systems, thereby offering a viable strategy to improve the electrochemical properties of CSEs for high-energy–density SSLMBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The solid oxide electrolyte Li1.5Al0.5Ge1.5(PO4)3 (LAGP) with a NASICON structure has a high bulk ionic conductivity of 10−4 S cm−1 at room temperature and good stability in the air because of the strong P5+-O2− covalence bonding. However, the Ge4+ ions in LAGP are quickly reduced to Ge3+ on contact with the metallic lithium anode, and the LAGP ceramic has insufficient physical contact with the electrodes in all-solid-state batteries, which limits the large-scale application of the LAGP electrolyte in all-solid-state Li-metal batteries. Here, we prepared flexible PEO/LiTFSI/LAGP composite electrolytes, and the introduction of LAGP as a ceramic filler in polymer electrolytes increases the total ionic conductivity and the electrochemical stability of the composite electrolyte. Moreover, the flexible polymer shows good contact with the electrodes, resulting in a small interfacial resistance and stable cycling of all-solid-state Li-metal batteries. The influence of the external pressure and temperature on Li+ transfer across the Li/electrolyte interface is also investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Composite solid electrolytes (CSEs), often incorporating succinonitrile (SCN), offer promi I confirm sing solutions for improving the performance of all-solid-state batteries. These electrolytes are typically made of ceramics such as Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) and polymers such as poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP). Garnet-applied polymer–ceramic electrolyte (g-PCE) is composed of PVDF-HFP, SCN, and LLZO. However, the interface between SCN and LLZO is reportedly unstable owing to the polymerization of SCN. This polymerization could cause two serious problems: (1) gelation during the mixing of LLZO and SCN and (2) degradation of ionic performance during charge and discharge. To prevent this catalytic reaction, polyacrylonitrile (PAN) can be added to the g-PCE (g-PPCE). PAN blocks the polymerization of SCN through a cyclization process involving La ions which occurs more rapidly than SCN polymerization. In this study, the enhanced chemical stability of the garnet-applied PAN-added polymer ceramic electrolyte (g-PPCE) was achieved by using an impregnation process which added SCN with 5 wt.% of PAN. The resulting CSE has an ionic conductivity of ~10-⁴ S/cm at room temperature. Coin-type cells assembled with LFP (LiFePO4) and LNCM (LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2) cathodes with Li-metal anodes show specific discharge capacities of 150 and 167 mAh/g at 0.1 C, respectively, and stable cycle performance. Additionally, a pouch-type cell with a discharge capacity of 5 mAh also exhibits potential electrochemical performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ceramic/polymer composite solid electrolyte prepared by a simple physical mixing method has the problem of packing agglomeration and uneven dispersion, resulting in excessive interface impedance, obvious polarization, and severe reduction in energy density of solid-state batteries eventually. Given this defect, a silane coupling agent (KH560) containing Si–O bonds with low rotational potential energy was introduced to modify the garnet-type solid electrolyte (Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12, LLZTO) and then a ceramic polymer composite particle (Si@LLZTO) was achieved, which could be distributed uniformly in a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) matrix. Besides, a reduction in the crystallinity of TPU was evoked by the great interfacial compatibility of the silane-modified inorganic fillers, thus the composite solid electrolyte (TPU-Si@LLZTO) exhibits higher ionic conductivity (2.9 × 10−4 S cm−1), a wider electrochemical window (5 V, vs. Li/Li+), and a higher ion transfer number (tLi+ = 0.40). Furthermore, TPU-Si@LLZTO electrolyte displayed long running stability over 1000 h, and excellent rate performance in all-solid-state batteries with the positive electrode of LiFePO4. In conclusion, functional silanes exhibited a positive effect in constructing a compatible solid–solid interface between inorganic fillers/polyurethane polymers and gave full play to the performance advantages of composite electrolytes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solid electrolyte lithium batteries are the next generation of advanced energy devices. The incorporation of solid electrolytes can significantly improve the safety issue of lithium‐ion batteries. Organic‐inorganic composite solid electrolytes (CSE) are promising candidates for solid‐state batteries, but their application is mainly limited by low ionic conductivity. Many studies have shown that the architecture of ordered inorganic fillers in CSE can act as fast lithium‐ion transfer channels by auxiliary means, thus significantly improving the ionic conductivities. This review summarises the recent advances in CSE with different dimensional inorganic fillers. Various effective strategies for the construction of ordered structures in CSE are then presented. The review concludes with an outlook on the future development of CSE. This review aims to provide researchers with an in‐depth understanding of how to achieve ordered architectures in CSE for advanced solid state lithium batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solid sodium ion batteries (SIBs) show a significant amount of potential for development as energy storage systems; therefore, there is an urgent need to explore an efficient solid electrolyte for SIBs. Na3Zr2Si2PO12 (NZSP) is regarded as one of the most potential solid-state electrolytes (SSE) for SIBs, with good thermal stability and mechanical properties. However, NZSP has low room temperature ionic conductivity and large interfacial impedance. F−doped NZSP has a larger grain size and density, which is beneficial for acquiring higher ionic conductivity, and the composite system prepared with epoxy can further improve density and inhibit Na dendrite growth. The composite system exhibits an outstanding Na+ conductivity of 0.67 mS cm−1 at room temperature and an ionic mobility number of 0.79. It also has a wider electrochemical stability window and cycling stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The safety concerns associated with power batteries have prompted significant interest in all−solid−state lithium batteries (ASSBs). However, the advancement of ASSBs has been significantly impeded due to their unsatisfactory electrochemical performance, which is attributed to the challenging interface between the solid−state electrolyte and the electrodes. In this work, an in situ polymerized composite solid−state electrolyte (LLZTO−PVC) consisting of poly(vinylene carbonate) (PVC) and Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 (LLZTO) was successfully prepared by a γ−ray irradiation technique. The novel technique successfully solved the problem of rigidity at the interface between the electrode and electrolyte. The LLZTO−PVC electrolyte exhibited a notable ionic conductivity of 1.2 × 10−4 S cm−1 25 °C, along with good mechanical strength and flexibility and an electrochemical window exceeding 4.65 V. It was showed that the LiCoO2(LCO)/LLZTO−PVC/Li battery, which achieved in situ solidification via γ−ray irradiation, can steadily work at a current density of 0.2 C at 25 °C and maintain a retention rate of 92.4% over 100 cycles. The good interfacial compatibility between electrodes and LLZTO−PVC electrolyte designed via in situ γ−ray irradiation polymerization could be attributed to its excellent electrochemical performance. Therefore, the method of in situ γ−ray irradiation polymerization provides a vital reference for solving the interface problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Li–air battery-based solid electrolyte can better protect the lithium anode from the corrosion of other components and effectively block the risk of ignition and explosion caused by the lithium dendrite penetrating the dielectric layer. In this work, Li-containing ionic liquid (Li-IL) is absorbed in NH2-MIL-101(Cr) metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) to form a functional filler and further incorporated the filler into polyethylene oxide (PEO) to fabricate composite solid electrolyte (Li-IL@NH2-MIL-101(Cr)/PEO). The lithium anode and the air cathode were modified with Li-IL@NH2-MIL-101(Cr)/PEO, and the integrated solid-state Li–air batteries were prepared by roller pressing. Taking advantage of nanostructured Li-IL@NH2-MIL-101(Cr), fast lithium–ion transportation is achieved in the bulk and across the electrode/electrolyte interface. As a result, the ionic conductivity of the Li-IL@NH2-MIL-101(Cr)/PEO reaches 3.1 × 10–4 S/cm, the Li–air battery using the Li-IL@NH2-MIL-101(Cr)/PEO as solid electrolyte exhibited a high specific capacity of 11,682 mAh/g and remarkable cycling stability of 122 cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica is the property of Acta Materiea Compositae Sinica Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The solid oxide electrolyte Li1.5Al0.5Ge1.5(PO4)3 (LAGP) with a NASICON structure has a high bulk ionic conductivity of 10−4 S cm−1 at room temperature and good stability in the air because of the strong P5+-O2− covalence bonding. However, the Ge4+ ions in LAGP are quickly reduced to Ge3+ on contact with the metallic lithium anode, and the LAGP ceramic has insufficient physical contact with the electrodes in all-solid-state batteries, which limits the large-scale application of the LAGP electrolyte in all-solid-state Li-metal batteries. Here, we prepared flexible PEO/LiTFSI/LAGP composite electrolytes, and the introduction of LAGP as a ceramic filler in polymer electrolytes increases the total ionic conductivity and the electrochemical stability of the composite electrolyte. Moreover, the flexible polymer shows good contact with the electrodes, resulting in a small interfacial resistance and stable cycling of all-solid-state Li-metal batteries. The influence of the external pressure and temperature on Li+ transfer across the Li/electrolyte interface is also investigated.

Abstract All‐solid‐state Li metal batteries (ASSLMBs) have been considered the most promising candidates for next‐generation energy storage devices owing to their high‐energy density and safety. However, some obstacles such as thick solid electrolyte (SSEs) and unstable interface between the solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) and the electrodes have restricted the practical application of ASSLBs. Here, the scalable polyimide (PI) film reinforced asymmetric ultra‐thin (~20 μm) composite solid electrolyte (AU‐CSE) with a ceramic‐rich layer and polymer‐rich layer is fabricated by a both‐side casting method and rolling process. The ceramic‐rich layer not only acts as a “securer” to inhibit the lithium dendrite growth but also redistributes Li‐ions uniform deposition, while the polymer‐rich layer improves the compatibility with cathode materials. As a result, the obtained AU‐CSE demonstrates an ionic conductivity of 1.44 × 10−4 S cm−1 at 35°C. The PI‐reinforced AU‐CSE enables Li/Li symmetric cell stable cycling over 1200 h at 0.2 mA cm−2 and 0.2 mAh cm−2. Li/LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 and Li/LiFePO4 ASSLMBs achieve superior performances at 35°C. This study provides a new way of solving the interface problems between SSEs and electrodes and developing high‐energy‐density ASSLMBs for practical applications.

For solid-state electrolyte in lithium-ion batteries, high crystal boundary impedance leads to tough electrolyte-electrode interfacial issues. Here, we introduce garnet Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 (LLZTO) nanoparticles and succinonitrile (SN) into thermal polyurethane (TPU) to fabricate a composite solid-state electrolyte (TPU/LLZTO/SN), achieving high ionic conductivity of 6.452 × 10−4 S cm−1. The TPU polymer with specific soft and hard segments allows lithium ions fast transport and holds good mechanical strength as the electrolyte matrix. The ionic conductor LLZTO further improves the ionic conductivity and mechanical property of the composite electrolyte membrane. Additional SN supplies the electrolyte’ wide electrochemical stabilization window, and enhances the metallic lithium compatibility of the TPU matrix. As a result, the as prepared TPU/LLZTO/SN electrolyte presents high lithium ions transference number of 0.64, and also good mechanical property.

High ionic conductivity for solid electrolyte and stable electrode/electrolyte interface have always been the main requirements for solid-state lithium batteries. Herein, a high ionic conductive composite solid electrolyte (CSE) film was prepared by combining 1.3-dioxolanes (DOL) capable of in-situ polymerization with high ionic conductive Li 1.5 Al 0.5 Ge 1.5 (PO 4) 3 (LAGP)ceramic fillers. The CSE film also shows high interface compatibility and stability with lithium metal. The optimized poly-DOL (PDOL)-30% LAGP CSE exhibits a desirable dense and uniform structure, which endows the CSE with a high ion conductivity of 4.63 × 10−4 S cm−1, a high ion migration number up to 0.73 and a wide electrochemical stability window of 5.1 V. The assembled high-voltage NCM622/PDOL-30%LAGP CSE/Li solid-state cell exhibits good rate and cycle performances with a capacity of 125 mAh/g at 2 C and a capacity retention of 76% at 0.5C after 400 cycles with an average Coulomb efficiency of 99.7%. The PDOL-30%LAGP CSE also possesses a high inhibition ability of lithium dendrites owing to the dense and uniform structure and the stable electrolyte/lithium electrode interface including Li–Ge, LiF and CF 3 components. The Li/CSE/Li cell maintains a relatively stable voltage up to 650 h at a current density of 0.1 mA/cm2. This high ionic conductive composite solid electrolyte film shows a good application prospect in high-voltage solid-state lithium batteries. [Display omitted] • High ionic conductive PDOL/LAGP composite solid electrolyte film was achieved. • This composite solid electrolyte provides high ion transport capacity and high electrochmical window. • 3.The electrode/electrolyte interface stability was greatly improved by forming stable SEI composite film. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to enhance the electrochemical performance and mechanical properties of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-based solid polymer electrolytes, composite solid electrolytes (CSE) composed of single-ion conducting polymer-modified SiO2, PEO and lithium salt were prepared and used in lithium-ion batteries in this work. The pyridyl disulfide terminated polymer (py-ss-PLiSSPSI) is synthesized through RAFT polymerization, then grafted onto SiO2 via thiol-disulfide exchange reaction between SiO2-SH and py-ss-PLiSSPSI. The chemical structure, surface morphology and elemental distribution of the as-prepared polymer and the PLiSSPSI-g-SiO2 nanoparticles have been investigated. Moreover, CSEs containing 2, 6, and 10 wt% PLiSSPSI-g-SiO2 nanoparticles (PLi-g-SiCSEs) are fabricated and characterized. The compatibility of the PLiSSPSI-g-SiO2 nanoparticles and the PEO can be effectively improved owing to the excellent dispersibility of the functionalized nanoparticles in the polymer matrix, which promotes the comprehensive performances of PLi-g-SiCSEs. The PLi-g-SiCSE-6 exhibits the highest ionic conductivity (0.22 mS·cm−1) at 60 °C, a large tLi+ of 0.77, a wider electrochemical window of 5.6 V and a rather good lithium plating/stripping performance at 60 °C, as well as superior mechanical properties. Hence, the CSEs containing single-ion conducting polymer modified nanoparticles are promising candidates for all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, all-solid-state lithium ion batteries (ASLBs) have emerged as the next generation lithium ion batteries due to safety issue for electric vehicles and energy storage system. This application can be achieved through layered structure cathode material of Li[Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1]O2, (NCM811) with high specific capacity and composite solid electrolyte. The composite solid electrolyte is composed by poly ethylene oxide (PEO) based polymer solid electrolyte and garnet type oxide based Li6.75La3Zr2Al0.25O12, (LLZO-Al) solid electrolyte. Here, in this article, we describe the effect of improved electrochemical performance on the controlling particle size of Ni-rich cathode material for ASLBs with oxide-based solid electrolyte. Therefore, the structure and electrochemical performance of Ni-rich cathode material in ASLBs were investigated by using powder X-ray diffraction analysis, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller adsorption experiments, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and galvanostatic measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A robust and fast healable composite solid-state electrolyte is developed by using functionalized LLZTO nanoparticles as the dynamic covalent crosslinking points, which exhibits long cycling stability and superior safety in lithium metal batteries even under abuse conditions. [Display omitted] • A novel strategy is proposed by utilizing LLZTO nanoparticles as crosslinking points to form dynamic imine bonds. • The abundant dynamic imine bonds endow the crosslinked network with rapid healing capabilities. • The stability of the battery is demonstrated by the long cycle life of symmetric cells and the abuse resistances of pouch cells. Flexible composite solid electrolytes (CSEs) show great potentials in high-energy all-solid-state lithium metal batteries owing to their easy fabrication, good electrochemical properties, and high safety. However, it remains challenging to achieve good interfacial compatibility between the inorganic fillers and polymer matrix, which affects the lithium-ion transport efficiency and electrochemical performances of CSEs. Herein, a dynamic crosslinked network with Li 6.4 La 3 Zr 1.4 Ta 0.6 O 12 (LLZTO) nanoparticles as the cross-linking point is proposed for fabrication of a rapidly self-healing flexible CSE, which is signed as SHENE. The amino groups in the 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane modified LLZTO behave as the bridge sites to react with the copolymer of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate- g -4-formylbenzoic acid and poly (ethylene glycol) methoxy acrylate to form imine bonds, which effectively connect the organic/inorganic interface. Compared to the traditional physical contact, the covalent imine bonds can not only enhance the interaction between the two phases, but also improve the dispersion of the ceramic LLZTO nanoparticles. Additionally, the dynamic reversibility of imine bonds allows for enhanced mechanical strength and self-repairing capabilities of SHENE. Therefore, a Li||Li symmetrical cell assembled with SHENE can stably cycle for 5000 h at 0.05 mA cm −2 and 25 °C. The corresponding Li/SHENE/LiFePO 4 full battery also exhibits good rate performance under various C-rates. Additionally, the Li/SHENE/LFP pouch cell exhibits superior safety under various abuse conditions. Therefore, this work provides new ideas for the uniform dispersion of ceramic nanoparticles in CSEs by the facile design of forming dynamic crosslinked networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To address the issue of lithium metal deposition, a Cs doped FA interlayer was constructed on the surface of CSE. The CSE with this interfacial layer exhibits enhanced ionic conductivity, high Li+ transference number, a wide electrochemical window, and excellent flame-retardant property. Furthermore, the Li||Li symmetric cell assembled using the CSE with this interfacial layer demonstrates stable electroplating/stripping tests over 2000h at 0.2 mA cm−2. In addition, the full cells with the Cs doped FA interlayer and LFP or NCM811 cathode exhibit remarkable electrochemical performance. [Display omitted] • DFT shows that Cs-doped FA contributes to the decomposition of LiTFSI to produce more freedom Li+. • The Cs doped FA interfacial layer can effectively inhibit lithium dendrite growth. • The symmetric Li||Li cell exhibits an exceptionally long life of more than 2000 h at 0.2 mA cm−2. • Solid-state lithium metal batteries with LiFePO 4 and NCM811 exhibit excellent cycling performance. Composite electrolytes have garnered considerable attention owing to ease of processing, flexibility, and cost-effectiveness. Nevertheless, their practical applicability has been hindered by the insufficient ionic conductivity and the formation of dendrites duo to solid–solid interfacial interactions. In this work, an interfacial layer with Cs-doped fluorapatite (Ca 5 (PO 4) 3 F, FA) as the filler was constructed to enhance the flame-retardant property of the composite electrolyte and inhibit dendrite growth during cycling process. The CSE with the Cs doped FA interfacial layer exhibits significant flame-retardant properties. Furthermore, the self-healing electrostatic shielding (SHES) mechanism of Cs+ effectively inhibits the growth of lithium dendrite and promotes uniform lithium deposition. The solid electrolyte integrated with the Cs doped FA interfacial layer exhibits a broad voltage window of 5.58 V vs. Li+/Li, high ionic conductivity of 5.43 × 10-4 S cm−1, and Li+ transference number of 0.716. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal a competitive interaction between Cs+ and Li+ for TFSI- coordination, leading to reduced binding energy of LiTFSI and thus increasing the availability of free lithium ions, enhancing lithium ions mobility. Additionally, the symmetrical cell with the Cs doped FA interfacial layer demonstrates cyclic stability over 2000 h at 0.2 mA cm−2 due to the lower nucleation overpotential, demonstrating excellent lithium plating/stripping capabilities. The LFP||Li full cell shows a remarkable capacity retention of 99.54 % after 300 cycles at 0.5C, and 95.58 % with a higher Coulombic efficiency (CE) of 99 % after 600 cycles at 1C. In addition, the cell with this CSE and NCM811 cathode exhibits excellent capacity retention of 78 % after 150 cycles at 0.5C. This approach to designing interfacial layers offers new avenues for advancing solid-state lithium-metal batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In pursuit of safer lithium-ion batteries, research is veering towards all-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) featuring solid electrolytes due to the safety concerns and low metal interfacial compatibility of liquid electrolytes. ASSLBs combined with composite solid electrolytes (CSEs) incorporating NASICON-type active fillers are especially appealing because of their inherent safety, ease of production, and high energy density. This study introduces a Li 1 · 5 Al 0.5 Ge 1.5 (PO 4) 3 (LAGP) framework created via tape casting and in situ thermal polymerization, achieving a CSE with notable ionic conductivity (0.791 mS cm−1), electrochemical stability up to 5.09 V, and a lithium-ion transference number of 0.72 at 30 °C. The Li|CSE|Li cell demonstrates low overpotential over 1000 h, and the Li|CSE|NCM811 coin cell delivers a discharge capacity of 180.9 mAh g−1, maintaining 84.6 % capacity after 200 cycles. Moreover, the Li|CSE|NCM811 pouch cell upholds a capacity of 116.41 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles, underscoring the 3D LAGP framework and in situ polymerization's role in enhancing ASSLB safety and functionality. The composite solid electrolyte, synthesized through a straightforward one-step in-situ polymerization process within a three-dimensional LAGP framework, exhibits excellent ionic conductivity and demonstrates superior electrochemical performance in all-solid-state lithium batteries. [Display omitted] • Composite Solid Electrolyte with 3D LAGP framework is synthesized. • The CSE showed the ionic conductivity of 7.91 × 10−4 S cm−1 at 30 °C. • The Li.|CSE|Li cell shows excellent stability over 1000 h with low over potential. • The Li.|CSE|NCM cell delivers excellent rate capability, and long cyclability. • The coin and pouch type cells show the applicability of the CSE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Composite solid electrolytes (CSEs), often incorporating succinonitrile (SCN), offer promi I confirm sing solutions for improving the performance of all-solid-state batteries. These electrolytes are typically made of ceramics such as Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) and polymers such as poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP). Garnet-applied polymer–ceramic electrolyte (g-PCE) is composed of PVDF-HFP, SCN, and LLZO. However, the interface between SCN and LLZO is reportedly unstable owing to the polymerization of SCN. This polymerization could cause two serious problems: (1) gelation during the mixing of LLZO and SCN and (2) degradation of ionic performance during charge and discharge. To prevent this catalytic reaction, polyacrylonitrile (PAN) can be added to the g-PCE (g-PPCE). PAN blocks the polymerization of SCN through a cyclization process involving La ions which occurs more rapidly than SCN polymerization. In this study, the enhanced chemical stability of the garnet-applied PAN-added polymer ceramic electrolyte (g-PPCE) was achieved by using an impregnation process which added SCN with 5 wt.% of PAN. The resulting CSE has an ionic conductivity of ~10-⁴ S/cm at room temperature. Coin-type cells assembled with LFP (LiFePO4) and LNCM (LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2) cathodes with Li-metal anodes show specific discharge capacities of 150 and 167 mAh/g at 0.1 C, respectively, and stable cycle performance. Additionally, a pouch-type cell with a discharge capacity of 5 mAh also exhibits potential electrochemical performance.

Solid polymer electrolytes using poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) as matrix are mostly applied due to the superior Li+ transfer ability of oxyethyl chain. However, the high crystallinity, low oxidation potential window, and insufficient mechanical strength hinder PEO deployment in solid‐state batteries. Here, a novel composite solid electrolyte combined PEO with a lithium‐doped high‐entropy oxide (Li0.25HEO) ceramic powder is presented, which exhibits excellent properties for solid‐state lithium metal battery applications. On one hand, the rich oxygen vacancies of Li0.25HEO surface are favorable to capturing anionic groups (e. g. TFSI−), reinforcing the Li+ dissociation. On the other hand, Li0.25HEO with abundant Lewis acid sites markedly promotes the PEO oxidation potential window. Additionally, the incorporation of Li0.25HEO ceramic powder can effectively inhibit the PEO crystallization and enhance the mechanic strength of the composite electrolyte as well. The assembled solid‐state lithium metal battery based on the composite solid electrolyte exhibits high rate capacity and durable cycle performance, showing potential development and application prospects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the intrinsically high ionic conductivity and good interfacial stability towards lithium, garnet-type solid electrolytes are usually introduced into polymer electrolytes as fillers to prepare polymer/garnet composite electrolytes, which can improve the ionic conductivity and enhance the mechanical strength to suppress Li dendrites. However, the surface Li2CO3 and/or LiOH passive layers which form when garnet is exposed to the air greatly reduce the enhancement effect of garnet on the composite electrolyte. Furthermore, compared with micro-size particles, nano-size garnet fillers exhibit a better effect on enhancing the performance of composite solid electrolytes. Nevertheless, inferior organic/inorganic interphase compatibility and high specific surface energy of nanofillers inevitably cause agglomeration, which severely hinders the effect of nanoparticles for promoting composite solid electrolytes. Herein, a cost-effective amphipathic 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane coupling agent is introduced to modify garnet fillers, which effectively expands the air stability of garnet and greatly improves the dispersion of garnet fillers in the polymer matrix. The well-dispersed garnet filler/polymer interface is intimate through the bridging effect of the silane coupling agent, resulting in boosted ionic conductivity (0.72 × 10−4 S/cm at room temperature) of the composite electrolyte, enhanced stability against lithium dendrites (critical current density > 0.5 mA/cm2), and prolonged cycling life of LFP/Li full cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The design and regulation of the ion transport channels in the polymer electrolyte is an important means to improve the lithium ion transport behavior of the electrolyte. In this work, we for the first time combined the high ionic conductive inorganic ceramic electrolyte Li 1.5 Al 0.5 Ge 1.5 (PO 4) 3 (LAGP) with flexible polypropylene oxide (PPO) polymer electrolyte to synthesize a high-filling LAGP/PPO composite solid electrolyte film and regulated the ion transport channels from 'Ceramics-in-Polymer' mode to 'Polymer-in-Ceramics' mode by optimizing the ratio of LAGP vs. PPO. The results reveal that when the LAGP content <40%, the electrolyte belongs to 'LAGP-in-PPO', and then changes to 'PPO-in-LAGP' when the LAGP content exceeds 40%. Compared with 'LAGP-in-PPO', the 'PPO-in-LAGP' shows better comprehensive properties, especially for the 75% LAGP-filled PPO electrolyte, the room-temperature ionic conductivity is as high as 3.46 × 10−4 Scm−1, the ion migration number and voltage stable window reach 0.83 and 4.78 V respectively. This high-filled composite electrolyte possesses high tensile stress of 40 MPa with a strain of 46% and withstands working environment up to 200 °C. The NCM622/Li solid-state battery composed of this electrolyte also presents good rate and cycle performances with a capacity retention of 80% after 230 cycles at 0.3C because of its high ion transport capability and good inhibition of lithium dendrites. This composite structural design is expected to develop high-performance solid-state electrolytes suitable for high-voltage solid-state lithium batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solid-state lithium batteries have attracted much attention due to their special properties of high safety and high energy density. Among them, the polymer electrolyte membrane with high ionic conductivity and a wide electrochemical window is a key part to achieve stable cycling of solid-state batteries. However, the low ionic conductivity and the high interfacial resistance limit its practical application. This work deals with the preparation of a composite solid electrolyte with high mechanical flexibility and non-flammability. Firstly, the crystallinity of the polymer is reduced, and the fluidity of Li+ between the polymer segments is improved by tertiary polymer polymerization. Then, lithium salt is added to form a solpolymer solution to provide Li+ and anion and then an inorganic solid electrolyte is added. As a result, the composite solid electrolyte has a Li+ conductivity (3.18 × 10−4 mS cm−1). The (LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4)LNMO/SPLL (PES-PVC-PVDF-LiBF4-LAZTP)/Li battery has a capacity retention rate of 98.4% after 100 cycles, which is much higher than that without inorganic oxides. This research provides an important reference for developing all-solid-state batteries in the greenhouse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solid sodium ion batteries (SIBs) show a significant amount of potential for development as energy storage systems; therefore, there is an urgent need to explore an efficient solid electrolyte for SIBs. Na3Zr2Si2PO12 (NZSP) is regarded as one of the most potential solid-state electrolytes (SSE) for SIBs, with good thermal stability and mechanical properties. However, NZSP has low room temperature ionic conductivity and large interfacial impedance. F−doped NZSP has a larger grain size and density, which is beneficial for acquiring higher ionic conductivity, and the composite system prepared with epoxy can further improve density and inhibit Na dendrite growth. The composite system exhibits an outstanding Na+ conductivity of 0.67 mS cm−1 at room temperature and an ionic mobility number of 0.79. It also has a wider electrochemical stability window and cycling stability.

[Display omitted] All solid-state batteries (ASSBs) are regarded as promising energy storage batteries with high energy density and high safety. The polyethylene oxide (PEO)-based electrolyte with succinonitrile (SN) has attracted critical attention for its high ionic conductivity at room temperature. However, SN can react with Li metal to result in an unstable interface between electrolyte and electrode, which deteriorates the electrochemical performance. In this work, zeolitic imidazolate framework-67 (ZIF-67) is used as a filler to construct composite electrolytes and solve the aforementioned instability issue. The composite electrolyte shows nonflammability, high processability, and a competitive ionic conductivity of 2.78 * 10−5 S/cm at room temperature. Due to the regular dodecahedron structure and abundant Lewis acid sites, the composite electrolyte film exhibits a high Li-ion transference number of 0.654 and a wide electrochemical window of more than 5 V. Moreover, the ZIF-67 helps to construct a uniform and fast ion transport channel and can promote the generation of LiF to prevent SN from contacting Li anode, which contributes to the excellent stability of the Li symmetric batteries cycling for over 1000 h at a current density of 1 mA cm−2. And the assembled LiFePO 4 ||Li batteries based on the composite electrolyte display high discharge specific capacities of 158.6 and 70 mAh g−1 at 60 °C and room temperature, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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